Linker Error outside of global text segment - c++

Question

We see below linker error with gcc, what does this error indicate. Does it have anything to do with the linker definition file ?
ERROR: found static function _ZNSt8_Rb_treeIjSt4pairIKjP11BFD_SESSIONESt10_Select1stIS4_ESt4lessIjESaIS4_EE14_M_lower_boundEPSt13_Rb_tree_nodeIS4_ESD_RS1_$isra$84 outside of the global text segment
ERROR: (perhaps you marked a static function as hot?)
Linker script is below-->
/* Script for ld -r: link without relocation */
OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf64-x86-64", "elf64-x86-64",
"elf64-x86-64")
OUTPUT_ARCH(i386:x86-64)
/* For some reason, the Solaris linker makes bad executables
if gld -r is used and the intermediate file has sections starting
at non-zero addresses. Could be a Solaris ld bug, could be a GNU ld
bug. But for now assigning the zero vmas works. */
SECTIONS
{
/* Read-only sections, merged into text segment: */
.interp 0 : { *(.interp) }
.note.gnu.build-id : { *(.note.gnu.build-id) }
.hash 0 : { *(.hash) }
.gnu.hash 0 : { *(.gnu.hash) }
.dynsym 0 : { *(.dynsym) }
.dynstr 0 : { *(.dynstr) }
.gnu.version 0 : { *(.gnu.version) }
.gnu.version_d 0: { *(.gnu.version_d) }
.gnu.version_r 0: { *(.gnu.version_r) }
.rela.init 0 : { *(.rela.init) }
.rela.text 0 : { *(.rela.text) }
.rela.fini 0 : { *(.rela.fini) }
.rela.rodata 0 : { *(.rela.rodata) }
.rela.data.rel.ro 0 : { *(.rela.data.rel.ro) }
.rela.data 0 : { *(.rela.data) }
.rela.tdata 0 : { *(.rela.tdata) }
.rela.tbss 0 : { *(.rela.tbss) }
.rela.ctors 0 : { *(.rela.ctors) }
.rela.dtors 0 : { *(.rela.dtors) }
.rela.got 0 : { *(.rela.got) }
.rela.bss 0 : { *(.rela.bss) }
.rela.ldata 0 : { *(.rela.ldata) }
.rela.lbss 0 : { *(.rela.lbss) }
.rela.lrodata 0 : { *(.rela.lrodata) }
.rela.ifunc 0 : { *(.rela.ifunc) }
.rela.plt 0 :
{
*(.rela.plt)
}
.init 0 :
{
KEEP (*(SORT_NONE(.init)))
}
.plt 0 : { *(.plt) *(.iplt) }
.hot 0 : { *(.text.hot) }
.text 0 :
{
/* merge .text.* sections into the .text segment in the first pass link
so that all static functions are in the same segment and the relative
offsets reported by nm/readelf can be used to determine the final
absolute address of the function in the image. */
*(.text .stub .text.* .gnu.linkonce.t.*)
/* .gnu.warning sections are handled specially by elf32.em. */
*(.gnu.warning)
}
.fini 0 :
{
KEEP (*(SORT_NONE(.fini)))
}
.rodata 0 : { *(.rodata) }
.rodata1 0 : { *(.rodata1) }
.eh_frame_hdr : { *(.eh_frame_hdr) }
.eh_frame 0 : ONLY_IF_RO { KEEP (*(.eh_frame)) }
.gcc_except_table 0 : ONLY_IF_RO { *(.gcc_except_table
.gcc_except_table.*) }
/* These sections are generated by the Sun/Oracle C++ compiler. */
.exception_ranges 0 : ONLY_IF_RO { *(.exception_ranges
.exception_ranges*) }
/* Adjust the address for the data segment. We want to adjust up to
the same address within the page on the next page up. */
/* Exception handling */
.eh_frame 0 : ONLY_IF_RW { KEEP (*(.eh_frame)) }
.gcc_except_table 0 : ONLY_IF_RW { *(.gcc_except_table .gcc_except_table.*) }
.exception_ranges 0 : ONLY_IF_RW { *(.exception_ranges .exception_ranges*) }
/* Thread Local Storage sections */
.tdata 0 : { *(.tdata) }
.tbss 0 : { *(.tbss) }
.preinit_array 0 :
{
KEEP (*(.preinit_array))
}
.jcr 0 : { KEEP (*(.jcr)) }
.dynamic 0 : { *(.dynamic) }
.got 0 : { *(.got) *(.igot) }
.got.plt 0 : { *(.got.plt) *(.igot.plt) }
.data 0 :
{
*(.data)
}
.data1 0 : { *(.data1) }
.bss 0 :
{
*(.dynbss)
*(.bss)
*(COMMON)
/* Align here to ensure that the .bss section occupies space up to
_end. Align after .bss to ensure correct alignment even if the
.bss section disappears because there are no input sections.
FIXME: Why do we need it? When there is no .bss section, we don't
pad the .data section. */
}
.lbss 0 :
{
*(.dynlbss)
*(.lbss)
*(LARGE_COMMON)
}
.lrodata 0 :
{
*(.lrodata)
}
.ldata 0 :
{
*(.ldata)
}
/* Stabs debugging sections. */
.stab 0 : { *(.stab) }
.stabstr 0 : { *(.stabstr) }
.stab.excl 0 : { *(.stab.excl) }
.stab.exclstr 0 : { *(.stab.exclstr) }
.stab.index 0 : { *(.stab.index) }
.stab.indexstr 0 : { *(.stab.indexstr) }
.comment 0 : { *(.comment) }
/* DWARF debug sections.
Symbols in the DWARF debugging sections are relative to the beginning
of the section so we begin them at 0. */
/* DWARF 1 */
.debug 0 : { *(.debug) }
.line 0 : { *(.line) }
/* GNU DWARF 1 extensions */
.debug_srcinfo 0 : { *(.debug_srcinfo) }
.debug_sfnames 0 : { *(.debug_sfnames) }
/* DWARF 1.1 and DWARF 2 */
.debug_aranges 0 : { *(.debug_aranges) }
.debug_pubnames 0 : { *(.debug_pubnames) }
/* DWARF 2 */
.debug_info 0 : { *(.debug_info) }
.debug_abbrev 0 : { *(.debug_abbrev) }
.debug_line 0 : { *(.debug_line) }
.debug_frame 0 : { *(.debug_frame) }
.debug_str 0 : { *(.debug_str) }
.debug_loc 0 : { *(.debug_loc) }
.debug_macinfo 0 : { *(.debug_macinfo) }
/* SGI/MIPS DWARF 2 extensions */
.debug_weaknames 0 : { *(.debug_weaknames) }
.debug_funcnames 0 : { *(.debug_funcnames) }
.debug_typenames 0 : { *(.debug_typenames) }
.debug_varnames 0 : { *(.debug_varnames) }
/* DWARF 3 */
.debug_pubtypes 0 : { *(.debug_pubtypes) }
.debug_ranges 0 : { *(.debug_ranges) }
/* DWARF Extension. */
.debug_macro 0 : { *(.debug_macro) }
.gnu.attributes 0 : { KEEP (*(.gnu.attributes)) }
}
From the linker script we find that .text.* i.e all section with any suffix after .text.* is placed under .text section. We find that certain functions are suffixed to .text.xxxx as unique section names. We dont find the compiler option "-function-sections" in our compilation steps.
Snippet from the objdump----->
objs/bfdproto/x86_64/bfdp_proto.o: file format elf64-x86-64
SYMBOL TABLE:
0000000000000000 l df *ABS* 0000000000000000 bfdp_proto.cpp
0000000000000000 l d .text 0000000000000000 .text
0000000000000000 l d .data 0000000000000000 .data
0000000000000000 l d .bss 0000000000000000 .bss
0000000000000000 l d .text._ZNSt8_Rb_treeIjSt4pairIKjP11BFD_SESSIONESt10_Select1stIS4_ESt4lessIjESaIS4_EE14_M_lower_boundEPSt13_Rb_tree_nodeIS4_ESD_RS1_$isra$84 0000000000000000 .text._ZNSt8_Rb_treeIjSt4pairIKjP11BFD_SESSIONESt10_Select1stIS4_ESt4lessIjESaIS4_EE14_M_lower_boundEPSt13_Rb_tree_nodeIS4_ESD_RS1_$isra$84
0000000000000000 l F .text._ZNSt8_Rb_treeIjSt4pairIKjP11BFD_SESSIONESt10_Select1stIS4_ESt4lessIjESaIS4_EE14_M_lower_boundEPSt13_Rb_tree_nodeIS4_ESD_RS1_$isra$84 000000000000002c __ZNSt8_Rb_treeIjSt4pairIKjP11BFD_SESSIONESt10_Select1stIS4_ESt4lessIjESaIS4_EE14_M_lower_boundEPSt13_Rb_tree_nodeIS4_ESD_RS1_$isra$84
0000000000000000 l d .text._ZNSt8_Rb_treeI14BFD_RXINFO_KEYSt4pairIKS0_P11BFD_SESSIONESt10_Select1stIS5_ESt4lessIS0_ESaIS5_EE14_M_lower_boundEPSt13_Rb_tree_nodeIS5_ESE_RS2_$isra$87 0000000000000000 .text._ZNSt8_Rb_treeI14BFD_RXINFO_KEYSt4pairIKS0_P11BFD_SESSIONESt10_Select1stIS5_ESt4lessIS0_ESaIS5_EE14_M_lower_boundEPSt13_Rb_tree_nodeIS5_ESE_RS2_$isra$87
0000000000000000 l F .text._ZNSt8_Rb_treeI14BFD_RXINFO_KEYSt4pairIKS0_P11BFD_SESSIONESt10_Select1stIS5_ESt4lessIS0_ESaIS5_EE14_M_lower_boundEPSt13_Rb_tree_nodeIS5_ESE_RS2_$isra$87 000000000000004a __ZNSt8_Rb_treeI14BFD_RXINFO_KEYSt4pairIKS0_P11BFD_SESSIONESt10_Select1stIS5_ESt4lessIS0_ESaIS5_EE14_M_lower_boundEPSt13_Rb_tree_nodeIS5_ESE_RS2_$isra$87
0000000000000180 l F .text 0000000000000029 __ZNSt4listIP11BFD_SESSIONSaIS1_EE5eraseESt14_List_iteratorIS1_E$isra$92
00000000000001b0 l F .text 000000000000006b __ZNSt4listIP11BFD_SESSIONSaIS1_EE6insertESt14_List_iteratorIS1_ERKS1_$isra$90
0000000000000000 l d .rodata.str1.1 0000000000000000 .rodata.str1.1
0000000000000000 l d .rodata.str1.8 0000000000000000 .rodata.str1.8
0000000000000000 l d .text.unlikely 0000000000000000 .text.unlikely
0000000000000000 l F .text.unlikely 000000000000012e _tr_util_write_v4_trace$constprop$126
0000000000000620 l O .rodata 0000000000000017 __ZZ22tr_util_write_v4_traceE12__FUNCTION__
0000000000000710 l O .rodata 000000000000000d __ZZN13BFD_ALLOCATORnwEmE12__FUNCTION__
0000000000000000 l d .gcc_except_table 0000000000000000 .gcc_except_table
0000000000000700 l O .rodata 0000000000000010 __ZZN13BFD_ALLOCATORdlEPvmE12__FUNCTION__
00000000000006f0 l O .rodata 0000000000000010 __ZZN13BFD_ALLOCATORdlEPvE12__FUNCTION__
00000000000006d0 l O .rodata 0000000000000013 __ZZN13BFD_ALLOCATORdaEPvE12__FUNCTION__
00000000000006c0 l O .rodata 0000000000000010 __ZZN13BFD_ALLOCATORdlEPvRKSt9nothrow_tE12__FUNCTION__
00000000000006a0 l O .rodata 0000000000000013 __ZZN13BFD_ALLOCATORdaEPvRKSt9nothrow_tE12__FUNCTION__
0000000000000000 l d

Answer 1

This error seems to indicate that the linker found the compiled code of a function outside the global Text segment. However, this is illegal. All program instructions should be embedded inside the Text segment.
Could provide us more detail regarding your compilation/linking process?