Passing different functions as arguments - c++

Suppose I have this class:
template<class K, class Compare>
class findMax {
K* keyArray; // Supposed to be an array of K.
int size;
public:
findMax (K n, Compare init); // Here I would like to initialize the array.
~findMax ();
K& Find(K key, Compare cmp); // Return an elemnt in the array according to a condition.
void printArray(Compare print); // Print the array according to a condition.
};
I want each cmp function to be different when I implement the constructor, Find and printArray.
For example:
template<class K, class Compare>
findMax<K, Compare>::findMax(int n, Compare init) {
keyArray = new K [n];
init(keyArray, n);
}
where init is a function I implement in my source file, like this for example:
// Init will initialize the array to 0.
void init (int* array, int n) {
for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
array[i] = 0;
}
Although, I want to be able to send a different function to Find for example, that compares between two elements. I'm having trouble figuring out how because when I create a new findMax object, like findMax<int, UNKNOWN> f, what do I put instead of UNKNOWN?

Try this -
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
using namespace std;
template<class K, class Compare>
class findMax {
K* keyArray; // Supposed to be an array of K.
int size;
public:
findMax (K n, Compare init){init();}; // Here I would like to initialize the array.
~findMax (){};
template<typename Compare1>
K& Find(K key, Compare1 cmp){ cmp();}; // Return an elemnt in the array according to a condition.
template<typename Compare2>
void printArray(Compare2 print){print();}; // Print the array according to a condition.
};
int main() {
findMax<int,std::function<void()>> a{5,[](){cout<<"constructor"<<endl;}};
a.Find(5,[](){cout<<"Find"<<endl;});
a.printArray([](){cout<<"printArray";});
return 0;
}

Related

C++ Segmentation fault with push_back on list but not on vector

We are doing a hashtable with chaining example for class. Using the STL I defined the hashtable as std::vector<std::list< Pair > > mTable. Unfortunately, when I call push_back on mTable[index] I get a seg fault. The error does NOT exist if I define mTable to be std::vector<std::vector< Pair > > mTable.
Am I using list incorrectly? Here is the code:
template<class K, class V>
class HashTable {
private:
class Pair {
public:
K mKey;
V mVal;
};
std::vector<std::list<Pair> > mTable;
...
};
...
template<class K, class V>
HashTable<K, V>::HashTable(const int size) {
mTable.reserve(size);
}
template<class K, class V>
bool HashTable<K, V>::insert(const K &key, const V &val) {
int size = mTable.capacity(); // Gets how many elements can be stored in the array/vector.
int index = hashcode(key); // convert the key to an integer.
index %= size; // Size down the 'size' variable so it index into the array/vector.
Pair toInsert;
toInsert.mKey = key;
toInsert.mVal = val;
std::cout << mTable[index].size() << "\n"; // works fine.
mTable[index].push_back(toInsert); // (SEG FAULT) Adds value to the hash table
}
Try this:
HashTable<K, V>::HashTable(const int size):mTable(size,std::list<Pair>){
}

error: Illegal zero sized array

I get this error:
error C2229: class 'GenerateRandNum<int [],int>' has an illegal zero-sized array
In my main, I call my random generator function to input into a empty data set
I call the method in my main like so:
//declare small array
const int smallSize = 20;
int smallArray[smallSize];
// call helper function to put random data in small array
GenerateRandNum <int[], int> genData(smallArray, smallSize);
genData.generate();
Header file
template <class T, class B>
class GenerateRandNum
{
public:
T data;
B size;
GenerateRandNum(T list, B length)
{
data = list;
size = length;
}
void generate();
};
File with method definition
template<class T, class B>
void GenerateRandNum<T, B> ::generate()
{
for (B i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
data[0] = 1 + rand() % size;
}
}
Pointers and arrays are not the same in C/C++. They are two very different things. However, arrays decay into pointers. Most notably in function declarations: The declaration
void foo(int array[7]);
is defined to be equivalent to
void foo(int* array);
That said, all the GenerateRandNum constructor gets, is a int* because that's what T = int [] decays to in the function declaration context. The data member of GenerateRandNum, however, is of type int [] (no decay here), which your compiler assumes to be a zero sized array. Consequently, when you try to assign a pointer to the array, your compiler complains.
You have two options to fix this:
You use an std::vector<> instead, as Marco A. suggests.
You declare your GenerateRandNum class as:
template <class T>
class GenerateRandNum {
public:
T* data;
size_t size;
GenerateRandNum(T* list, size_t length) {
data = list;
size = length;
}
void generate();
};
Note:
I have removed the template parameter for the size type: size_t is guaranteed to be suitable for counting anything in memory, so there is absolutely no point in using anything different. Templating this parameter only obfuscates your code.
There are some problems with your approach:
The first array template parameter can't have its dimension deduced from the argument as n.m. noted, you would need to specify it explicitly:
GenerateRandNum<int[20], int>
There no point in doing
data = list
since in your code sample these are two arrays and you can't assign them directly. You can either copy the memory or specialize your routines/template
You should really consider using a vector of integers, e.g.
template <class T, class B>
class GenerateRandNum
{
public:
T data;
B size;
GenerateRandNum(T list, B length) {
data = list;
size = length;
}
void generate();
};
template<class T, class B>
void GenerateRandNum<T, B> ::generate()
{
srand((unsigned int)time(NULL)); // You should initialize with a seed
for (B i = 0; i < size; i++) {
data[i] = 1 + rand() % size; // I believe you wanted data[i] and not data[0]
}
}
int main(){
//declare small array
const int smallSize = 20;
std::vector<int> smallArray(smallSize);
// call helper function to put random data in small array
GenerateRandNum <std::vector<int>, int> genData(smallArray, smallSize);
genData.generate();
}
Example
I fixed two issues in the code above, take a look at the comments.

sort one array and other array following?

here is the C++ sample
int a[1000] = {3,1,5,4}
int b[1000] = {7,9,11,3}
how do i make it so if i sort array a, array b also following array a
example
a[1000] = {1,3,4,5}
b[1000] = {9,7,3,11}
is it possible using sort function
sort(a,a+4)
but also sort array b aswell ?
edit: what if there are 3 arrays ?
Instead of using two arrays, can you use an array of pairs and then sort THAT using a special comparison functor rather than the default less-than operator?
The simplest way is to rearrange your data into an array-of-structs instead of a pair of arrays so that each datum is contiguous; then, you can use an appropriate comparator. For example:
struct CompareFirst
{
bool operator() (const std::pair<int,int>& lhs, const std::pair<int,int>& rhs)
{
return lhs.first < rhs.first;
}
};
// c[i].first contains a[i], c[i].second contains b[i] for all i
std::pair<int, int> c[1000];
std::sort(c, c+1000, CompareFirst());
If you can't refactor your data like that, then you need to define a custom class that acts as a RandomAccessIterator:
struct ParallalArraySortHelper
{
ParallelArraySortHelper(int *first, int *second)
: a(first), b(second)
{
}
int& operator[] (int index) { return a[index]; }
int operator[] const (int index) { return a[index]; }
ParallelArraySortHelper operator += (int distance)
{
a += distance;
b += distance;
return *this;
}
// etc.
// Rest of the RandomAccessIterator requirements left as an exercise
int *a;
int *b;
};
...
int a[1000] = {...};
int b[1000] = {...};
std::sort(ParallalArraySortHelper(a, b), ParallelArraySortHelper(a+1000, b+1000));
Generate an array the same size as the original, containing the indexes into the array: {0, 1, 2, 3}. Now use a custom comparator functor that compares the elements in an associated array rather than the indexes themselves.
template<typename T>
class CompareIndices
{
public:
CompareIndices(const T * array) : m_AssociatedArray(array) {}
bool operator() (int left, int right) const
{
return std::less(m_AssociatedArray[left], m_AssociatedArray[right]);
}
private:
const T * m_AssociatedArray;
};
std::sort(i, i+4, CompareIndices(a));
Once you have a sorted list of indices, you can apply it to the original array a, or any other b array you want.

sort by using a member of an object in c++

I'd like to use sort() to do the following
I have a text char[] T which is (private) member of a class. The text has length n.
I also ave an array int[] P that contains the first n integers.
I'd like to std::sort P such that the lexicographic order among suffixes of T are preserved
i.e., for any i < j we have that T[P[i]...n] is lex smaller than T[P[j]...n].
I'm able to do it when char[] T is a global variable by defining
bool myfunction (int i,int j) {
int m = i, l = j;
while(m<n and l <n) {
if(T[m] != T[l]) return (T[m]<T[l]);
m++; l++;
}
return (m<l);
}
and calling std::sort(P, P+n, myfuction)
I'm in truble when T is a member of an object (and sort is called by a method of that object).
How can I define myfunction so that T is visible?
Should it be member of that object? If yes, how?
Thank you very much.
Edit: bool instead of int
As you guessed, one way to do it is by defining yourfunction() as a public member of that class.
Example:
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class T
{
private:
int value;
public:
T()
{
value = rand() % 100;
}
static bool Compare(const T &a, const T &b)
{
return a.value < b.value;
}
};
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
vector<T> data;
//add some data
for (int i=0; i<10; i++)
data.push_back(T());
//sort using static method that can access private attributes
std::sort(data.begin(), data.end(), T::Compare);
}
If sort represents std::sort, the function that you are using as predicate is wrong for a couple of reasons, the first of which is that the returned type from the function should be a bool and not an int.
The next thing that is wrong is that the predicate is required to be consistent, that is, given two inputs a and b the result of predicate( a, b ) must be either true or false and always the same. If that condition is not met, the result of calling sort will be undefined, possibly including an infinite loop.
The approach (rather than the predicate itself) is probably not good either, as the number of times that the predicate will be called depends on the input data, and the results of the different calls to the predicate (until the algorithm thinks, that according to your partial order, the sequence is sorted).
You probably need a functor object:
struct myfunctor {
const char *T;
size_t n;
myfunctor(const char *T, size_t n) : T(T), n(n) {}
bool operator()(int i, int j) {
// stuff using T and n
}
// Optionally, something along these lines, I haven't tested it
template <size_t N> myfunctor(const char (&x)[N]) : T(&x[0]), n(N) {}
template <size_t N> myfunctor(char (&x)[N]) : T(&x[0]), n(N) {}
};
SomeObjectContainingT x;
std::sort(P, P+n, myfunctor(x.T, x.n));
Or if x.T is an actual array rather than just a pointer, the template constructors will capture the array size from the type, no need for a second parameter:
std::sort(P, P+n, myfunctor(x.T));
Edit: sorry, missed that T is private. I think you have two issues here, scope and accessibility. The functor solves the scope problem, now for the accessibility.
If you want external functions to access T, x must provide a means to access it. For example, it could return the functor object:
class SomeObjectContaining T {
char T[23];
public:
myfunctor comparator() { return myfunctor(T); }
};
std::sort(P, P+n, x.comparator());
Or you could mess about with friend: define your functor class as a friend of SomeObjectContainingT, then pass the object to its constructor rather than the array.

Compiler Error C2106 when trying to simulate a vector

I'm trying to write a fake vector for my class assignment, and I currently get an error in the member function pushBack.
The compiler doesn't seem to like incrementing the SIZE variable which holds the number of elements in the "vector". Is there something I might need to fix?
Your assistance would be highly appreciated for helping me with this, and any other problems you might happen to find.
/*
Write a simple program that simulates the behavior of vectors
-You should be able to add and remove elements to the vector
-You should be able to access an element directly.
-The vector should be able to hold any data type.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
template <class T, int SIZE>
class Vector
{
#pragma region constructors&destructors
private:
T vec[SIZE];
public:
Vector()
{}
~Vector()
{}
#pragma endregion
template <class T/*, int SIZE*/>
void defineVec(T var)
{
for(int i=0; i<SIZE; i++)
{
vec[i] = var;
}
//printf("All elements of the vector have been defined with %", var)
//What should I do when trying to print a data type or variable
//of an unspecified one along with the '%'?
}
template <class T/*, int SIZE*/>
void pushBack(T var)
{
SIZE ++; //C1205
vec[SIZE - 1] = var;
}
template <class T/*, int SIZE*/>
void popBack()
{
vec[SIZE - 1] = NULL;
SIZE--;
}
//template <class T/*, int SIZE*/>
void showElements()
{
for(int i=0; i<SIZE; i++)
{
printf("%d",vec[i]);
printf("\n");
}
}
};
int main()
{
Vector <int, 5> myints;
myints.pushBack(6);
myints.showElements();
return 0;
}
You're passing SIZE as a template parameter. Inside the definition of a template, a non-type template parameter is basically a constant -- i.e., you can't modify it.
You'll need to define a separate variable to keep track of how much of the storage in your vector-alike is currently being used.