So this is my first question on the forum and I hope I am doing it correct.
General question: How can I ensure that python does not return any errors when writing a script that allows the user to input values of different datatypes depending on the context or parameter they want to change?
More specific: I am new to python and want to write a script that allows users of The Foundry's Nuke to change values on multiple nodes of the same class at once. Depending on whether the desired parameter to change is a checkbox('bool'), and RGBA input ('4 floats')... the input has to be of a different type. Searching the forum I found that the type can be checked by type() function and compared in an if statement with the isinstance() function. I guess I could work with that, but the type of e.g. a Gradenode's multiply knob returns type 'AColor_Knob'. I expected something like float. And comparing it in an isinstance() does not give me a match regardless of the datatype I am comparing to.
Mainscript so far:
nukescripts.clear_selection_recursive()
userInput = nuke.getInput('Which type of nodes would you like to select? (!!!first char has to be capitalized!!!)',
'Shuffle')
matchingNodes = []
for each in nuke.allNodes():
if each.Class() == userInput:
matchingNodes.append(each)
else:
pass
for i in matchingNodes:
i.setSelected(True)
nuke.message(str(len(
matchingNodes)) + ' matching Nodes have been found and are now selected! (if 0 there either is no node of this type or misspelling caused an error!)')
userInput_2 = nuke.getInput('Which parameter of these nodes would you like to change? \n' +
'(!!!correct spelling can be found out by hovering over parameter in Properties Pane!!!)',
'postage_stamp')
userInput_3 = nuke.getInput('To what do you want to change the specified parameter? \n' +
'(allowed input depends on parameter type (e.g. string, int, boolean(True/False)))', 'True')
for item in matchingNodes:
item.knob(userInput_2).setValue(userInput_3)
How I checked the datatypes so far:
selected = nuke.selectedNode()
knobsel = selected.knob('multiply')
print(type(knobsel))
#if type(knobsel) == bool:
if isinstance(knobsel, (str,bool,int,float,list)):
print('match')
else:
print('no match')
You can call a TCL command with nuke.tcl(). In TCL, everything is a string, so type is irrelevant (in some commands).
p = nuke.Panel('Property Changer')
p.addSingleLineInput('class', '')
p.addSingleLineInput('knob', '')
p.addSingleLineInput('value', '')
p.show()
node_class = p.value('class')
knob_name = p.value('knob')
knob_value = p.value('value')
for node in nuke.allNodes(node_class):
tcl_exp = 'knob root.{0}.{1} "{2}"'.format(node.fullName(),knob_name,knob_value)
print tcl_exp
nuke.tcl(tcl_exp)
That should answer your question. There are many ways to approach what you're trying to do - if you want to keep it all in python, you can do type checking on the value of the knob. For example:
b = nuke.nodes.Blur()
print type(b.knob('size').value()).__name__
This creates a Blur node and prints the string value of the type. Although I don't recommend this route, you can use that to convert the value:
example = '1.5'
print type(example)
exec('new = {}(example)'.format('float'))
print type(new)
An alternative route to go down might be building yourself a custom lookup table for knob types and expected values.
Edit:
TCL Nuke Commands:
http://www.nukepedia.com/reference/Tcl/group__tcl__builtin.html#gaa15297a217f60952810c34b494bdf83d
If you press X in the nuke Node Graph or go to File > Comp Script Command, you can select TCL and run:
knob root.node_name.knob_name knob_value
Example:
knob root.Grade1.white "0 3.5 2.1 1"
This will set values for the named knob.
Related
I am using data sources in Terraform to fetch a list of ids of my security groups as such:
data "aws_security_groups" "test" {
filter {
name = "group-name"
values = ["the-name"]
}
}
output "security_group_id" {
value = "The id is ${data.aws_security_groups.test.ids[*]}"
}
However, this is giving me the following error:
Error: Invalid template interpolation value
on main.tf line 11, in output "security_group_id":
11: value = "The id is ${data.aws_security_groups.test.ids[*]}"
|----------------
| data.aws_security_groups.test.ids is list of string with 1 element
Cannot include the given value in a string template: string required.
But if I use data.aws_security_groups.test.ids[0] instead it displays the ID.
Can someone help me to display the list of IDs?
First, I want to note that you don't necessarily need to combine this list with a string message at all if you don't want to, because Terraform will accept output values of any type:
output "security_group_ids" {
value = data.aws_security_groups.test.ids
}
If having them included as part of a bigger string is important for your underlying problem then you'll need to make a decision about how you want to present these multiple ids in your single string. There are various different ways you could do that, depending on what you intend to do with this information.
One relatively-straightforward answer would be to make the string include a JSON representation of the list using jsonencode, like this:
output "security_group_id_message" {
value = "The ids are ${jsonencode(data.aws_security_groups.test.ids)}"
}
If you want a more human-friendly presentation then you might prefer to use a multi-line string instead, in which case you can customize the output using string templates.
output "security_group_id_message" {
value = <<-EOT
The ids are:
%{ for id in data.aws_security_groups.test.ids ~}
- ${id}
%{ endfor ~}
EOT
}
Or, for an answer somewhere in between, you could use join to just concatenate the values together with a simple delimiter, like this:
output "security_group_id_message" {
value = "The ids are ${join(",", data.aws_security_groups.test.ids)}"
}
Note that I removed the [*] from your reference in all of these examples, since it isn't really doing anything here: data.aws_security_groups.test.ids is already an iterable collection, and so is compatible with all of the language features I used in the examples above.
IIRC the provider considers this ids attribute to be a set of strings rather than a list of strings, and so that [*] suffix could potentially be useful in other situations to force converting the set into a list if you need it to be typed that way, although if that is your intent then I'd suggest using one of the following instead so that it's clearer to a future reader what it does:
sort(data.aws_security_groups.test.ids) (if it being in lexical order is important to the behavior; Terraform uses lexical sorting by default anyway, but calling sort is a good prompt to a reader unfamiliar with Terraform to look up that function to see what the actual sort order is.)
tolist(data.aws_security_groups.test.ids) (functionally equivalent to sort above when it's a set of strings, but avoids the implication that the specific ordering is important, if all that matters is that it's a list regardless of the ordering)
I am new to python and my coding experience so far is with MATLAB.
I am trying to understand more about lists and dictionaries as i am using a library about DOEs that takes an dictionary as a passing argument.
But my trouble so far is that this dictionary assumes the form of ex.
DOE={'Elastic Modulus':[10,20,30], 'Density':[1,2,3], 'Thickness':[2,3,5]}
But i need this dictionary to be user defined, for example:
Have an input to define how many variables are needed (in this example are 3: Elastic Modulus','Density'and 'Thickness)
as the variables are defined, it should be able to store values in the dictionary over a for loop.
Is this possible using dictionaries?
Or is it better to use a list and convert in a dicionary later?
Thank you in advance
One can add keys and the corresponding values to a dict one at a time like so:
my_dict = {}
num_entries = int(input("How many entries "))
for _ in range(num_entries):
key = input("Enter the key: ")
value = input("Enter the value: ")
my_dict[key] = value
Presumably you would have a loop to do the entry of key and value for the number of values you wish to enter. Also if you are in python 2 it needs to be raw_input rather than input function. [Edit: Showing how to do the loop, since I noticed that was part of your question]
I have a Swift 3 app where I am using Eureka Forms.
Within the form to create an object I am using the MultipleSelectorRow, which works well.
However, how do I set the default values for this?
If I use the following code I get an error stating "Cannot assign value of type [String] to type Set[String]"
<<< MultipleSelectorRow<String>() {
$0.tag = "gradeType"
$0.title = "Grade Types"
$0.selectorTitle = "Pick the posted grade types"
$0.value = prevGradeTypeList
$0.options = gradeTypePicker
}
In Eureka, "value" in MultipleSelectorRow is a Set. You'll need to convert your array to a set before assigning it.
There are a couple of differences between a Set and an Array in Swift you should be aware of:
1) Values in a Set are unordered (they won't appear in the same order as in your original Array)
2) Values in a Set are unique (duplicate items from your Array will only appear as one value)
3) Values must be hashable. All the basic types in Swift, including String, will work. (Also: Int, Double, Bool)
Just convert your Array to a Set before assigning it to Value:
$0.value = Set(prevGradeTypeList)
I am trying to just do a basic INSERT operation to a PostgreSQL database through Python via the Psycopg2 module. I have read a great many of the questions already posted regarding this subject as well as the documentation but I seem to have done something uniquely wrong and none of the fixes seem to work for my code.
#API CALL + JSON decoding here
x = 0
for item in ulist:
idValue = list['members'][x]['name']
activeUsers.append(str(idValue))
x += 1
dbShell.executemany("""INSERT INTO slickusers (username) VALUES (%s)""", activeUsers
)
The loop creates a list of strings that looks like this when printed:
['b2ong', 'dune', 'drble', 'drars', 'feman', 'got', 'urbo']
I am just trying to have the code INSERT these strings as 1 row each into the table.
The error specified when running is:
TypeError: not all arguments converted during string formatting
I tried changing the INSERT to:
dbShell.executemany("INSERT INTO slackusers (username) VALUES (%s)", (activeUsers,) )
But that seems like it's merely treating the entire list as a single string as it yields:
psycopg2.DataError: value too long for type character varying(30)
What am I missing?
First in the code you pasted:
x = 0
for item in ulist:
idValue = list['members'][x]['name']
activeUsers.append(str(idValue))
x += 1
Is not the right way to accomplish what you are trying to do.
first list is a reserved word in python and you shouldn't use it as a variable name. I am assuming you meant ulist.
if you really need access to the index of an item in python you can use enumerate:
for x, item in enumerate(ulist):
but, the best way to do what you are trying to do is something like
for item in ulist: # or list['members'] Your example is kinda broken here
activeUsers.append(str(item['name']))
Your first try was:
['b2ong', 'dune', 'drble', 'drars', 'feman', 'got', 'urbo']
Your second attempt was:
(['b2ong', 'dune', 'drble', 'drars', 'feman', 'got', 'urbo'], )
What I think you want is:
[['b2ong'], ['dune'], ['drble'], ['drars'], ['feman'], ['got'], ['urbo']]
You could get this many ways:
dbShell.executemany("INSERT INTO slackusers (username) VALUES (%s)", [ [a] for a in activeUsers] )
or event better:
for item in ulist: # or list['members'] Your example is kinda broken here
activeUsers.append([str(item['name'])])
dbShell.executemany("""INSERT INTO slickusers (username) VALUES (%s)""", activeUsers)
I'm working with the program Autodesk Maya.
I've made a naming convention script that will name each item in a certain convention accordingly. However I have it list every time in the scene, then check if the chosen name matches any current name in the scene, and then I have it rename it and recheck once more through the scene if there is a duplicate.
However, when i run the code, it can take as long as 30 seconds to a minute or more to run through it all. At first I had no idea what was making my code run slow, as it worked fine in a relatively low scene amount. But then when i put print statements in the check scene code, i saw that it was taking a long time to check through all the items in the scene, and check for duplicates.
The ls() command provides a unicode list of all the items in the scene. These items can be relatively large, up to a thousand or more if the scene has even a moderate amount of items, a normal scene would be several times larger than the testing scene i have at the moment (which has about 794 items in this list).
Is this supposed to take this long? Is the method i'm using to compare things inefficient? I'm not sure what to do here, the code is taking an excessive amount of time, i'm also wondering if it could be anything else in the code, but this seems like it might be it.
Here is some code below.
class Name(object):
"""A naming convention class that runs passed arguments through user
dictionary, and returns formatted string of users input naming convention.
"""
def __init__(self, user_conv):
self.user_conv = user_conv
# an example of a user convention is '${prefix}_${name}_${side}_${objtype}'
#staticmethod
def abbrev_lib(word):
# a dictionary of abbreviated words is here, takes in a string
# and returns an abbreviated string, if not found return given string
#staticmethod
def check_scene(name):
"""Checks entire scene for same name. If duplicate exists,
Keyword Arguments:
name -- (string) name of object to be checked
"""
scene = ls()
match = [x for x in scene if isinstance(x, collections.Iterable)
and (name in x)]
if not match:
return name
else:
return ''
def convert(self, prefix, name, side, objtype):
"""Converts given information about object into user specified convention.
Keyword Arguments:
prefix -- what is prefixed before the name
name -- name of the object or node
side -- what side the object is on, example 'left' or 'right'
obj_type -- the type of the object, example 'joint' or 'multiplyDivide'
"""
prefix = self.abbrev_lib(prefix)
name = self.abbrev_lib(name)
side = ''.join([self.abbrev_lib(x) for x in side])
objtype = self.abbrev_lib(objtype)
i = 02
checked = ''
subs = {'prefix': prefix, 'name': name, 'side':
side, 'objtype': objtype}
while self.checked == '':
newname = Template (self.user_conv.lower())
newname = newname.safe_substitute(**subs)
newname = newname.strip('_')
newname = newname.replace('__', '_')
checked = self.check_scene(newname)
if checked == '' and i < 100:
subs['objtype'] = '%s%s' %(objtype, i)
i+=1
else:
break
return checked
are you running this many times? You are potentially trolling a list of several hundred or a few thousand items for each iteration inside while self.checked =='', which would be a likely culprit. FWIW prints are also very slow in Maya, especially if you're printing a long list - so doing that many times will definitely be slow no matter what.
I'd try a couple of things to speed this up:
limit your searches to one type at a time - why troll through hundreds of random nodes if you only care about MultiplyDivide right now?
Use a set or a dictionary to search, rather than a list - sets and dictionaries use hashsets and are faster for lookups
If you're worried about maintining a naming convetion, definitely design it to be resistant to Maya's default behavior which is to append numeric suffixes to keep names unique. Any naming convention which doesn't support this will be a pain in the butt for all time, because you can't prevent Maya from doing this in the ordinary course of business. On the other hand if you use that for differntiating instances you don't need to do any uniquification at all - just use rename() on the object and capture the result. The weakness there is that Maya won't rename for global uniqueness, only local - so if you want to make unique node name for things that are not siblings you have to do it yourself.
Here's some cheapie code for finding unique node names:
def get_unique_scene_names (*nodeTypes):
if not nodeTypes:
nodeTypes = ('transform',)
results = {}
for longname in cmds.ls(type = nodeTypes, l=True):
shortname = longname.rpartition("|")[-1]
if not shortname in results:
results[shortname] = set()
results[shortname].add(longname)
return results
def add_unique_name(item, node_dict):
shortname = item.rpartition("|")[-1]
if shortname in node_dict:
node_dict[shortname].add(item)
else:
node_dict[shortname] = set([item])
def remove_unique_name(item, node_dict):
shortname = item.rpartition("|")[-1]
existing = node_dict.get(shortname, [])
if item in existing:
existing.remove(item)
def apply_convention(node, new_name, node_dict):
if not new_name in node_dict:
renamed_item = cmds.ls(cmds.rename(node, new_name), l=True)[0]
remove_unique_name(node, node_dict)
add_unique_name ( renamed_item, node_dict)
return renamed_item
else:
for n in range(99999):
possible_name = new_name + str(n + 1)
if not possible_name in node_dict:
renamed_item = cmds.ls(cmds.rename(node, possible_name), l=True)[0]
add_unique_name(renamed_item, node_dict)
return renamed_item
raise RuntimeError, "Too many duplicate names"
To use it on a particular node type, you just supply the right would-be name when calling apply_convention(). This would rename all the joints in the scene (naively!) to 'jnt_X' while keeping the suffixes unique. You'd do something smarter than that, like your original code did - this just makes sure that leaves are unique:
joint_names= get_unique_scene_names('joint')
existing = cmds.ls( type='joint', l = True)
existing .sort()
existing .reverse()
# do this to make sure it works from leaves backwards!
for item in existing :
apply_convention(item, 'jnt_', joint_names)
# check the uniqueness constraint by looking for how many items share a short name in the dict:
for d in joint_names:
print d, len (joint_names[d])
But, like i said, plan for those damn numeric suffixes, maya makes them all the time without asking for permission so you can't fight em :(
Instead of running ls for each and every name, you should run it once and store that result into a set (an unordered list - slightly faster). Then check against that when you run check_scene
def check_scene(self, name):
"""Checks entire scene for same name. If duplicate exists,
Keyword Arguments:
name -- (string) name of object to be checked
"""
if not hasattr(self, 'scene'):
self.scene = set(ls())
if name not in self.scene:
return name
else:
return ''