I am currently porting some code from Matlab to Octave. Some of the functions of the Matlab code use the Piotr's Computer Vision Matlab Toolbox (here) that includes some mex files.
In Matlab, everything is working like a charm but when I run my codes with Octave, it throws this error:
error: 'imResampleMex' undefined near line 50 column 5
However all the internal paths within the toolbox should be good. I figured out that the way Matlab and Octave handle mex files is different and tried to build one of the mex files from the C++ function within Octave like this:
mkoctfile --mex imResampleMex.cpp
It fails and throws the following error messages related to the C++ wrappers function:
In file included from imResampleMex.cpp:6:0:
wrappers.hpp:21:24: error: 'wrCalloc' declared as an 'inline' variable
inline void* wrCalloc( size_t num, size_t size ) { return calloc(num,size);
^
wrappers.hpp:21:24: error: 'size_t' was not declared in this scope
wrappers.hpp:21:36: error: 'size_t' was not declared in this scope
inline void* wrCalloc( size_t num, size_t size ) { return calloc(num,size);
^
wrappers.hpp:21:48: error: expression list treated as compound expression in initializer [-fpermissive]
inline void* wrCalloc( size_t num, size_t size ) { return calloc(num,size);
^
wrappers.hpp:21:50: error: expected ',' or ';' before '{' token
inline void* wrCalloc( size_t num, size_t size ) { return calloc(num,size);
^
wrappers.hpp:22:24: error: 'wrMalloc' declared as an 'inline' variable
inline void* wrMalloc( size_t size ) { return malloc(size); }
^
wrappers.hpp:22:24: error: 'size_t' was not declared in this scope
wrappers.hpp:22:38: error: expected ',' or ';' before '{' token
inline void* wrMalloc( size_t size ) { return malloc(size); }
^
wrappers.hpp: In function 'void wrFree(void*)':
wrappers.hpp:23:44: error: 'free' was not declared in this scope
inline void wrFree( void * ptr ) { free(ptr); }
^
wrappers.hpp: At global scope:
wrappers.hpp:28:17: error: 'size_t' was not declared in this scope
void* alMalloc( size_t size, int alignment ) {
^
wrappers.hpp:28:30: error: expected primary-expression before 'int'
void* alMalloc( size_t size, int alignment ) {
^
wrappers.hpp:28:44: error: expression list treated as compound expression in initializer [-fpermissive]
void* alMalloc( size_t size, int alignment ) {
^
wrappers.hpp:28:46: error: expected ',' or ';' before '{' token
void* alMalloc( size_t size, int alignment ) {
^
imResampleMex.cpp: In function 'void resampleCoef(int, int, int&, int*&, int*&, T*&, int*, int)':
imResampleMex.cpp:21:39: error: 'alMalloc' cannot be used as a function
wts = (T*)alMalloc(nMax*sizeof(T),16);
^
imResampleMex.cpp:22:43: error: 'alMalloc' cannot be used as a function
yas = (int*)alMalloc(nMax*sizeof(int),16);
^
imResampleMex.cpp:23:43: error: 'alMalloc' cannot be used as a function
ybs = (int*)alMalloc(nMax*sizeof(int),16);
^
imResampleMex.cpp: In function 'void resample(T*, T*, int, int, int, int, int, T)':
imResampleMex.cpp:48:43: error: 'alMalloc' cannot be used as a function
T *C = (T*) alMalloc((ha+4)*sizeof(T),16); for(y=ha; y<ha+4; y++) C[y]=0;
^
warning: mkoctfile: building exited with failure status
The wrappers.hpp file is looking like this:
#ifndef _WRAPPERS_HPP_
#define _WRAPPERS_HPP_
#ifdef MATLAB_MEX_FILE
// wrapper functions if compiling from Matlab
#include "mex.h"
inline void wrError(const char *errormsg) { mexErrMsgTxt(errormsg); }
inline void* wrCalloc( size_t num, size_t size ) { return mxCalloc(num,size); }
inline void* wrMalloc( size_t size ) { return mxMalloc(size); }
inline void wrFree( void * ptr ) { mxFree(ptr); }
#else
// wrapper functions if compiling from C/C++
inline void wrError(const char *errormsg) { throw errormsg; }
inline void* wrCalloc( size_t num, size_t size ) { return calloc(num,size); }
inline void* wrMalloc( size_t size ) { return malloc(size); }
inline void wrFree( void * ptr ) { free(ptr); }
#endif
// platform independent aligned memory allocation (see also alFree)
void* alMalloc( size_t size, int alignment ) {
const size_t pSize = sizeof(void*), a = alignment-1;
void *raw = wrMalloc(size + a + pSize);
void *aligned = (void*) (((size_t) raw + pSize + a) & ~a);
*(void**) ((size_t) aligned-pSize) = raw;
return aligned;
}
// platform independent alignned memory de-allocation (see also alMalloc)
void alFree(void* aligned) {
void* raw = *(void**)((char*)aligned-sizeof(void*));
wrFree(raw);
}
#endif
I imagine I need to modify this file but my knowledge of C++ and of mex files being close to non-existent, I am struggling figuring a way out of this mountain of errors. I don't even have a clue whether I'm going in the right direction or not... Any help is welcome!
Edit 1:
I modified my wrappers.hpp file adding #include <stdlib.h> to it. A mex file is now created. However, when running the function calling the file, I now get the following error:
error: failed to install .mex file function 'imResampleMex'
error: called from
imResample at line 50 column 4
Here are the steps I used to solve the issue of creating the mex files from the Piotr's Computer Vision Matlab Toolbox for Octave (concerns the cpp files of the folder channels only).
The original mex files that come with the toolbox are built for Matlab and do not work with Octave. While building them from Octave a call is made to the file wrappers.hpp.
This file has to be modified by adding these two lines at the beginning of the file: #include <stdlib.h> and #include "mex.h".
For building the mex file, in the Octave prompt type (while being in the directory of the cpp file):
mkoctfile --mex -DMATLAB_MEX_FILE the_file.cpp
This way the Octave compatible mex file is created.
Edit 23/05/2017 - After receiving more questions from people having trouble generating these files I released the generated files on Github: https://github.com/Eskapp/Piotr_vision_extrafiles_Octave. Feel free to use them.
You'll need to add them manually to the Computer Vision toolbox.
Related
I am using the CUB device function just like the example here (https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/t/cub-library/37675/2). I was able to compile the .cu source file in the above example using nvcc.
However, I wonder if it is possible to call CUB device function in .cpp source file and compile the .cpp source file (using nvcc or g++)? I know its possible for thrust, since the example here works for me.
Currently I simply move the main function into a new main.cpp file and include the cub header file in main.cpp, but I failed to compile it using nvcc or g++ because of the same errors, part of the error message:
/home/xx/cub/cub/block/specializations/../../block/../util_type.cuh:261:5: error: ‘__host__’ does not name a type; did you mean ‘__loff_t’?
__host__ __device__ __forceinline__ NullType& operator =(const T&) { return *this; }
^~~~~~~~
__loff_t
/home/xx/cub/cub/block/specializations/../../block/../util_type.cuh:316:19: error: ‘short4’ was not declared in this scope
__CUB_ALIGN_BYTES(short4, 8)
^
/home/xx/cub/cub/block/specializations/../../block/../util_type.cuh:314:52: error: ISO C++ forbids declaration of ‘__align__’ with no type [-fpermissive]
{ enum { ALIGN_BYTES = b }; typedef __align__(b) t Type; };
^
/home/xx/cub/cub/block/specializations/../../block/../util_type.cuh:545:9: error: ‘__host__’ does not name a type; did you mean ‘__loff_t’?
__host__ __device__ __forceinline__ CubVector operator+(const CubVector &other) const { \
^
/home/xx/cub/cub/block/specializations/../../block/../util_arch.cuh:64:38: error: ‘__host__’ does not name a type; did you mean ‘CUhostFn’?
#define CUB_RUNTIME_FUNCTION __host__ __device__
^
/home/xx/cub/cub/device/../iterator/arg_index_input_iterator.cuh:144:25: error: ‘__forceinline__’ does not name a type; did you mean ‘__thrust_forceinline__’?
__host__ __device__ __forceinline__ ArgIndexInputIterator(
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
__thrust_forceinline__
/home/xx/cub/cub/device/device_reduce.cuh:148:12: error: ‘cudaError_t’ does not name a type; did you mean ‘cudaError_enum’?
static cudaError_t Reduce(
^~~~~~~~~~~
cudaError_enum
Here are my source files:
device.h
#pragma once
#include <cub/cub.cuh>
void scan_on_device();
device.cu
#include "device.h"
void scan_on_device()
{
// Declare, allocate, and initialize device pointers for input and output
int num_items = 7;
int *d_in;
int h_in[] = {8, 6, 7, 5, 3, 0, 9};
int sz = sizeof(h_in)/sizeof(h_in[0]);
int *d_out; // e.g., [ , , , , , , ]
cudaMalloc(&d_in, sz*sizeof(h_in[0]));
cudaMalloc(&d_out, sz*sizeof(h_in[0]));
cudaMemcpy(d_in, h_in, sz*sizeof(h_in[0]), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
printf("\nInput:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) printf("%d ", h_in[I]);
// Determine temporary device storage requirements
void *d_temp_storage = NULL;
size_t temp_storage_bytes = 0;
cub::DeviceScan::InclusiveSum(d_temp_storage, temp_storage_bytes, d_in, d_out, num_items);
// Allocate temporary storage
cudaMalloc(&d_temp_storage, temp_storage_bytes);
// Run inclusive prefix sum
cub::DeviceScan::InclusiveSum(d_temp_storage, temp_storage_bytes, d_in, d_out, num_items);
// d_out s<-- [8, 14, 21, 26, 29, 29, 38]
cudaMemcpy(h_in, d_out, sz*sizeof(h_in[0]), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
printf("\nOutput:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) printf("%d ", h_in[i]);
printf("\n");
}
host.cpp
#include "device.h"
#include <cub/cub.cuh>
int main(void)
{
scan_on_device();
return 0;
}
I tried to compile them in three steps:
nvcc -O2 -c device.cu -I/home/xx/cub
g++ -O2 -c host.cpp -I/usr/local/cuda/include/ -I/home/xx/cub
g++ -o tester device.o host.o -L/usr/local/cuda/lib64 -lcudart
The first step went well, but the second step gives the above errors. Any ideas are appreciated. Maybe I mess up some links (to cuda or cub)?
The cub header library (e.g. cub.cuh) contains CUDA C++ code. Such code cannot be compiled by an ordinary host compiler like g++. You will get compile errors if you try to do so.
However your project doesn't require cub.cuh to be in your device.h header file, nor does it require cub.cuh to be compiled by g++. The only thing needed in your device.h header file is the function prototype for scan_on_device().
Therefore if you include the cub header file in the function implementation file device.cu, and remove it elsewhere in your project, your code will compile.
I have a question regarding to the code snippet appended below. Anyway I ran the snippet on ideone.com and got two different results
C: Succeed.
C++: Error:
prog.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
prog.cpp:20:13: error: cannot convert ‘int* (*)[2][10]’ to \
‘int* (*)[10]’ for argument ‘1’ to ‘void foo(int* (*)[10], size_t)’
foo(&a, LEN);
^
The result in C++ is what I expect, but it runs successfully in C, and it seems like it's compiler dependent because people on the chat helping ran the snippet only got a warning.
So which part I've missed? Is that C automatically did some conversion?
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#define LEN 2
void foo(int* a[][10], size_t len) {
printf("%s\n", "successfully called foo.");
}
int main(void) {
// a is an LEN-array of an 10-array of (int *)
int *a[LEN][10] = {{0}};
// but the identifier `a` will decay to be a pointer of type int*[10]
// p1 is a pointer to an 10-array of (int *)
int *(*p1)[10] = 0;
foo(a, LEN);
foo(&a, LEN);
return 0;
}
Drastic edit; previous answer was wrong as pointed out in the comments.
The program is ill-formed in both C and C++. But the standards of the respective languages don't disallow successfully compiling programs that violate the imposed constraints. This allows the implementations to extend the language. Implementations are merely required to issue a diagnostic message. Both a warning and an error are conforming behaviours.
For whatever reason, the compiler that you use (through ideone) has chosen to behave differently when compiling C++.
This is not valid in C. Using gcc with -Wall -Wextra, it outputs the following:
x1.c: In function ‘main’:
x1.c:19:9: warning: passing argument 1 of ‘foo’ from incompatible pointer type [-Wincompatible-pointer-types]
foo(&a, LEN);
^
x1.c:5:6: note: expected ‘int * (*)[10]’ but argument is of type ‘int * (*)[2][10]’
void foo(int* a[][10], size_t len) {
^~~
The types are not compatible. It only shows up as a warning because C tends to allow various pointer conversions even though they aren't proper.
You can however do this:
int *(*p1)[10] = a;
foo(a, LEN);
foo(p1, LEN);
I recently downloaded a program. A patient specific survival prediction CLI, http://pssp.srv.ualberta.ca/
The readme included states:
"1 Compilation
The code should compile on Linux without any modification. To compile, just type ’make’. There should
be 2 executables after compilation, mtlr train and mtlr test."
I download an extracted the folder to my location, when I go into the directory and type make I get:
x#x-laptop:/pssp_source$ make
g++ -c -O3 DenseVector.cpp -o DenseVector.o
In file included from DenseVector.cpp:1:0:
DenseVector.h:9:2: error: ‘size_t’ does not name a type
size_t m_dim;
^
DenseVector.h:18:21: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘n’
DenseVector(size_t n);
^
DenseVector.h:26:33: error: ‘size_t’ does not name a type
double const& operator[](const size_t i) const
^
DenseVector.h:26:40: error: ISO C++ forbids declaration of ‘i’ with no type [-fpermissive]
double const& operator[](const size_t i) const
^
DenseVector.h:31:27: error: ‘size_t’ does not name a type
double& operator[](const size_t i)
^
DenseVector.h:31:34: error: ISO C++ forbids declaration of ‘i’ with no type [-fpermissive]
double& operator[](const size_t i)
^
DenseVector.h:38:2: error: ‘size_t’ does not name a type
size_t dim() const
^
DenseVector.h: In member function ‘void DenseVector::push_back(double)’:
DenseVector.h:23:3: error: ‘m_dim’ was not declared in this scope
m_dim++;
^
DenseVector.cpp: At global scope:
DenseVector.cpp:6:1: error: prototype for ‘DenseVector::DenseVector(size_t)’ does not match any in class ‘DenseVector’
DenseVector::DenseVector(size_t n): m_dim(n)
^
In file included from DenseVector.cpp:1:0:
DenseVector.h:5:7: error: candidates are: DenseVector::DenseVector(const DenseVector&)
class DenseVector
^
DenseVector.h:12:2: error: DenseVector::DenseVector()
DenseVector(void);
^
DenseVector.cpp: In constructor ‘DenseVector::DenseVector()’:
DenseVector.cpp:16:2: error: class ‘DenseVector’ does not have any field named ‘m_dim’
:m_dim(0)
^
DenseVector.cpp: In member function ‘void DenseVector::clear()’:
DenseVector.cpp:27:22: error: ‘m_dim’ was not declared in this scope
for (size_t i=0; i<m_dim; i++)
^
In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.8/cassert:43:0,
from DenseVector.cpp:3:
DenseVector.cpp: In function ‘double sprod_nn(const DenseVector&, const DenseVector&)’:
DenseVector.cpp:37:11: error: ‘const class DenseVector’ has no member named ‘dim’
assert(a.dim() == b.dim());
^
DenseVector.cpp:37:22: error: ‘const class DenseVector’ has no member named ‘dim’
assert(a.dim() == b.dim());
^
DenseVector.cpp:38:15: error: ‘const class DenseVector’ has no member named ‘dim’
size_t n = a.dim();
^
In file included from /usr/include/c++/4.8/cassert:43:0,
from DenseVector.cpp:3:
DenseVector.cpp: In function ‘void multadd_nn(DenseVector&, const DenseVector&, double)’:
DenseVector.cpp:49:11: error: ‘class DenseVector’ has no member named ‘dim’
assert(w.dim()==a.dim());
^
DenseVector.cpp:49:20: error: ‘const class DenseVector’ has no member named ‘dim’
assert(w.dim()==a.dim());
^
DenseVector.cpp:50:15: error: ‘class DenseVector’ has no member named ‘dim’
size_t n = w.dim();
^
DenseVector.cpp: In function ‘void smult_n(DenseVector&, double)’:
DenseVector.cpp:62:15: error: ‘class DenseVector’ has no member named ‘dim’
size_t n = w.dim();
^
make: *** [DenseVector.o] Error 1
The contents of the folder look like:
x#x-laptop:/pssp_source$ ls
common.cpp data_type_api.h DenseVector.h Main.cpp Makefile Sparm.cpp Sparm.o SparseVector.h test_model.mltr Util.h
common.h DenseVector.cpp example_data Main.o readme.pdf Sparm.h SparseVector.cpp Test.cpp test_model.mlty
I looked up the basic packages needed for compiling c++ code, as well as basics on how to run it and none have gotten me past this issue. It looks as if it has a problem with size_t not having a type.
The start of DenseVector.cpp is :
#include "DenseVector.h"
#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>
DenseVector::DenseVector(size_t n): m_dim(n)
{
m_dvector.reserve(n);
for (size_t i=0; i<n; i++)
{
m_dvector.push_back(0);
}
}
I have never compiled code like this before, so I am probably missing something obvious. If its needed I am running ubuntu 14.04, g++ version is
4.8.4.
Thanks
It sounds like the README lied. Probably it happened to work with a different version of the standard library.
Try adding
#include <stddef.h>
near the top of DenseVector.h.
Open the file DenseVector.h in the root directory of the program and modify it, inserting
#pragma once
#include <vector>
#include <cstddef> // <--- Add this line to the file
class DenseVector
{
protected:
// ...
Save it and try again!
I don't think you are using the correct version of C; I think you need C11. Instead of using the -03 flag, use -11 or -std=c11. Then recompile it.
I installed this SHA library: https://github.com/Cathedrow/Cryptosuite. I want to implement HMAC256 using Arduino IDE 1.6.7 installed on Win. 10 and the controller is ATMEGA328.
I copied the example given in their webpage. I am still new and want to test and try. I wrote this code in Arduino IDE.
#include "sha256.h"
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
uint8_t *hash;
//static const char hash[450]={};
//const char *hash; hash={};
Sha256.initHmac("hash key",8); // key, and length of key in bytes
Sha256.print("This is a message to hash");
hash = Sha256.resultHmac();
//Serial.print(hash,HEX);
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
}
I got this error:
invalid conversion from 'const char*' to 'const uint8_t* {aka const
unsigned char*}' [-fpermissive]
I do not know why this happens. The example is primitive taken as is from the library site. Can you help?
EDIT:
I tried to change the line from:
Sha256.initHmac((const uint8_t*)"hash key",8);
to:
Sha256.initHmac((const uint8_t*)"hash key",8);
But again, the compilation fails. It says:
Arduino: 1.6.7 (Windows 10), Board: "Arduino/Genuino Uno"
In file included from C:\Program Files
(x86)\Arduino\hardware\arduino\avr\cores\arduino/arduino.h:28:0,
from C:\Users\e\Documents\Arduino\libraries\Sha\sha1_config.h:13,
from C:\Users\e\Documents\Arduino\libraries\Sha\sha1.h:4,
from C:\Users\e\Documents\Arduino\libraries\Sha\sha1.cpp:1:
C:\Users\e\Documents\Arduino\libraries\Sha\sha1.cpp:8:25: error:
variable 'sha1InitState' must be const in order to be put into
read-only section by means of 'attribute((progmem))'
uint8_t sha1InitState[] PROGMEM = {
^
exit status 1 Error compiling.
This report would have more information with "Show verbose output
during compilation" enabled in File > Preferences.
The initHmac function signature is:
void initHmac(const uint8_t* secret, int secretLength);
But you use const char* for secret.
Solution
Try to cast the secret variable to const uint8_t* (or const unsigned char*):
Sha256.initHmac((const uint8_t*)"hash key",8);
UPDATE
To solve your new compilation error, just add const in front of all declarations containing PROGMEM in the library sources. For insance:
In Sha/sha1.cpp (line 11)
const uint8_t sha1InitState[] PROGMEM = {
In Sha/sha256.cpp (line 6)
const uint32_t sha256K[] PROGMEM = {
In Sha/sha256.cpp (line 11):
const uint8_t sha256InitState[] PROGMEM = {
I have made some helper functions for doing operations with CUDA __constant__ pointers (allocation, copyToSymbol, copyFromSymbol, etc). I also have error checking in place as suggested by talonmies here. Here is a basic working example:
#include <cstdio>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
__constant__ float* d_A;
__host__ void cudaAssert(cudaError_t code,
char* file,
int line,
bool abort=true) {
if (code != cudaSuccess) {
fprintf(stderr, "CUDA Error: %s in %s at line %d\n",
cudaGetErrorString(code), file, line);
if (abort) {
exit(code);
}
}
}
#define cudaTry(ans) { cudaAssert((ans), __FILE__, __LINE__); }
template<typename T>
void allocateCudaConstant(T* &d_ptr,
size_t size) {
size_t memsize = size * sizeof(T);
void* ptr;
cudaTry(cudaMalloc((void**) &ptr, memsize));
cudaTry(cudaMemset(ptr, 0, memsize));
cudaTry(cudaMemcpyToSymbol(d_ptr, &ptr, sizeof(ptr),
0, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
}
int main() {
size_t size = 16;
allocateCudaConstant<float>(d_A, size);
return 0;
}
When I compile this with nvcc, I get the following warning:
In file included from tmpxft_0000a3e8_00000000-3_example.cudafe1.stub.c:2:
example.cu: In function ‘void allocateCudaConstant(T*&, size_t) [with T = float]’:
example.cu:35: instantiated from here
example.cu:29: warning: deprecated conversion from string constant to ‘char*’
I understand what the warning means, but I can't for the life of me figure out where it is coming from. If I don't make allocateCudaConstant a template function, I don't get the warning. If I don't wrap cudaMemcpyToSymbol in cudaTry, I also don't get the warning. I know it is just a warning, and if I compile with -Wno-write-strings I can suppress the warning. The code runs fine but I don't want to get in the habit of ignoring warnings and if I suppress the warnings, I may hide other issues that need to be addressed.
So, can anyone help me figure out where the warning is coming from and how I can suppress it?
Change char* file to const char* file in the declaration of cudaAssert. You don't need to modify the string, so you should not ask for a modifyable string.