Excluding the first 3 characters of a string using regex - regex

Given any string in bash, e.g flaccid, I want to match all characters in the string but the first 3 (in this case I want to exclude "fla" and match only "ccid"). The regex also needs to work in sed.
I have tried positive look behind and the following regex expressions (as well as various other unsuccessful ones):
^.{3}+([a-z,A-Z]+)
sed -r 's/(?<=^....)(.[A-Z]*)/,/g'
Google hasn't been very helpful as it only produce results like "get first 3 characters .."
Thanks in advance!

If you want to get all characters but the first 3 from a string, you can use cut:
str="flaccid"
cut -c 4- <<< "$str"
or bash variable subsitution:
str="flaccid"
echo "${str:3}"
That will strip the first 3 characters out of your string.

You may just use a capturing group within an expression like ^.{3}(.*) / ^.{3}([a-zA-Z]+) and grab the ${BASH_REMATCH[1]} contents:
#!/bin/bash
text="flaccid"
rx="^.{3}(.*)"
if [[ $text =~ $rx ]]; then
echo ${BASH_REMATCH[1]};
fi
See online Bash demo
In sed, you should also be using capturing groups / backreferences to get what you need. To just keep the first 3 chars, you may use a simple:
echo "flaccid" | sed 's/.\{3\}//'
See this regex demo. The .\{3\} matches exactly any 3 chars and will remove them from the beginning only, since g modifier is not used.
Now, both the solutions above will output ccid, returning the first 3 chars only.

Using sed, just remove them
echo string | sed 's/^...//g'

How is it that no-one has named the most simple and portable solution:
shell "Parameter expansions":
str="flacid"
echo "${str#???}
For a regex (bash):
$ str="flaccid"
$ regex='^.{3}(.*)$'
$ [[ $str =~ $regex ]] && echo "${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
ccid
Same regex in sed:
$ echo "flaccid" | sed -E "s/$regex/\1/"
ccid
Or sed (Basic Regex):
$ echo "flaccid" | sed 's/^.\{3\}\(.*\)$/\1/'
ccid

Related

Linux shell extracting substring between matching patterns

Let's say I have a string poskek|gfgfd|XLSE|a1768|d234|uijjk and I want to extract just the LSE part.
I only know that there will be |X directly before LSE, and | directly after the part I am interested in LSE.
The other answer using sed should work, but I always find sed to be a bit awkward for regex selection, as it's really intended for replacement (hence why either side of the pattern needs to be flanked with .* and the part you actually want needs to be in parentheses). Here's a solution using grep:
grep -Po '\|X\K[^|]+'
-P signals grep to use Perl's regex engine which is more advanced
-o only prints the matching part of the line
\|X match a literal vertical bar and a capital X
\K forget what has currently been matched (do not include it in the final output)
[^|]+ one or more characters other than vertical bars
As a pure bash solution, please try:
str='poskek|gfgfd|XLSE|a1768|d234|uijjk'
ext=${str#*|X}
ext=${ext%%|*}
echo "$ext"
If regex is available, following also works:
if [[ $str =~ .*\|X([^|]+) ]]; then
echo "${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
fi
echo 'poskek|gfgfd|XLSE|a1768|d234|uijjk' | sed -n 's/.*|X\([^|]\+\).*/\1/p'
That ought to do the trick.
Explained:
sed -n will not print anything unless specified
s/ - search and replace
.*|X - match everything up to and including |X
\([^|]\+\) - capture multiple (at least one) character that isn't a |
.* - match the rest of the text (just to "eat it up")
/\1/p - Replace all matched text with the first capture, and print
For this particular case, you could do the rather unconventional:
awk '$1=="X"{$1="";print}' FS= OFS= RS=\|
try this
echo 'poskek|gfgfd|XLSE|a1768|d234|uijjk' |
awk -F "|" '{for(i=1;i<=NF;++i) printf "%s", (substr($i,1,1)=="X"?substr($i,2):"")}'
where
-F is field seperator => '|'
NF is number of fields

How to use regex capturing group in bash correctly?

I've loaded some strings into variable "result". The strings look like this:
school/proj_1/file1.txt
school/proj_1/file2.txt
school/proj_1/file3.txt
I try to get only the name after the last slash, so file1.txt, file2.txt and file3.txt is the desirable result for me. I use this piece of code
for i in $result
do
grep "school/proj_1/(.*)" $i
done
but it doesn't work. I feel that the regex would work for Python with the caputuring group I created, but I can't really wrap my head around how to use capturing groups in bash or if it is even possible at all.
I'm sorry if it's a dumb question, I'm very new to scripting in bash.
You may use a simple approach with a string manipulation operation:
echo "${i##*/}"
${string##substring}
Deletes longest match of $substring from front of $string.
Or using a regex in Bash, you may get the capturing groups like
result=("school/proj_1/file1.txt" "school/proj_1/file2.txt" "school/proj_1/file3.txt")
rx='school/proj_1/(.*)'
for i in "${result[#]}"; do
if [[ "$i" =~ $rx ]]; then
echo "${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
fi
done
See the online demo. Here, ${BASH_REMATCH[1]} is the contents inside capturing group #1.
Try this :
variable declaration :
$ result="school/proj_1/file1.txt
school/proj_1/file2.txt
school/proj_1/file3.txt"
Commands :
(all as one-liners)
$ grep -oP "school/proj_1/\K.*" "$i" <<< "$result"
or
$ awk -F'/' '{print $NF}' <<< "$result
or
$ sed 's|.*/||' <<< "$result"
or if number of sub dirs are fixed :
$ cut -d'/' -f3 <<< "$result"
Output :
file1.txt
file2.txt
file3.txt

Capture group from regex in bash

I have the following string /path/to/my-jar-1.0.jar for which I am trying to write a bash regex to pull out my-jar.
Now I believe the following regex would work: ([^\/]*?)-\d but I don't know how to get bash to run it.
The following: echo '/path/to/my-jar-1.0.jar' | grep -Po '([^\/]*?)-\d' captures my-jar-1
In BASH you can do:
s='/path/to/my-jar-1.0.jar'
[[ $s =~ .*/([^/[:digit:]]+)-[[:digit:]] ]] && echo "${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
my-jar
Here "${BASH_REMATCH[1]}" will print captured group #1 which is expression inside first (...).
You can do this as well with shell prefix and suffix removal:
$ path=/path/to/my-jar-1.0.jar
# Remove the longest prefix ending with a slash
$ base="${path##*/}"
# Remove the longest suffix starting with a dash followed by a digit
$ base="${base%%-[0-9]*}"
$ echo "$base"
my-jar
Although it's a little annoying to have to do the transform in two steps, it has the advantage of only using Posix features so it will work with any compliant shell.
Note: The order is important, because the basename cannot contain a slash, but a path component could contain a dash. So you need to remove the path components first.
grep -o doesn't recognize "capture groups" I think, just the entire match. That said, with Perl regexps (-P) you have the "lookahead" option to exclude the -\d from the match:
echo '/path/to/my-jar-1.0.jar' | grep -Po '[^/]*(?=-\d)'
Some reference material on lookahead/lookbehind:
http://www.perlmonks.org/?node_id=518444

Bash regex: replace string with any number of characters

I'm trying to remove colouring codes from a string; e.g. from: \033[36;1mDISK\033[0m to: DISK
my regex looks like this: \033.*?m so match '\033' followed by any number of chars, terminated by 'm'
when I search for the pattern, it finds a match; [[ "$var" =~ $regex ]] evaluates to true
however when I try to replace matches, nothing happens and the same string is returned.
Here's my complete script:
regex="\033.*?m"
var="\033[36;1mDISK\033[0m"
if [[ "$var" =~ $regex ]]
then
echo "matches"
echo ${var//$regex}
else
echo "doesn't match!"
fi
The problem appears to be with the match any number of any character part of the regex. I can successfully replace DISK but if I change that to D.*K or D.*?K it fails.
Note in all above cases the pattern claims to match the string but fails when replacing. Not too sure where to go with this now, any help appreciated.
Thanks
The following should do it:
$ var="\033[36;1mDISK\033[0m"
$ newvar=$(printf ${var} | sed -r "s/\x1B\[([0-9]{1,2}(;[0-9]{1,2})?)?[m|K]//g")
$ echo ${newvar}
returns:
DISK
Now verify!
$ echo $var | od
0000000 030134 031463 031533 035466 066461 044504 045523 030134
0000020 031463 030133 005155
0000026
$ echo $newvar | od
0000000 044504 045523 000012
0000005
To use the parameter expansion substitution operator, you need to use an extended glob.
shopt -s extglob
newvar=${var//\\033\[*([0-9;])m}
To break it down:
\\033\[ - match the encoded escape character and [.
*([0-9;]) - match zero or more digits or semicolons. You could use +([0-9;]) to (more correctly?) match one or more digits or semicolons
m - the trailing m.

Return a regex match in a Bash script, instead of replacing it

I just want to match some text in a Bash script. I've tried using sed but I can't seem to make it just output the match instead of replacing it with something.
echo -E "TestT100String" | sed 's/[0-9]+/dontReplace/g'
Which will output TestTdontReplaceString.
Which isn't what I want, I want it to output 100.
Ideally, it would put all the matches in an array.
edit:
Text input is coming in as a string:
newName()
{
#Get input from function
newNameTXT="$1"
if [[ $newNameTXT ]]; then
#Use code that im working on now, using the $newNameTXT string.
fi
}
You could do this purely in bash using the double square bracket [[ ]] test operator, which stores results in an array called BASH_REMATCH:
[[ "TestT100String" =~ ([0-9]+) ]] && echo "${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
echo "TestT100String" | sed 's/[^0-9]*\([0-9]\+\).*/\1/'
echo "TestT100String" | grep -o '[0-9]\+'
The method you use to put the results in an array depends somewhat on how the actual data is being retrieved. There's not enough information in your question to be able to guide you well. However, here is one method:
index=0
while read -r line
do
array[index++]=$(echo "$line" | grep -o '[0-9]\+')
done < filename
Here's another way:
array=($(grep -o '[0-9]\+' filename))
Pure Bash. Use parameter substitution (no external processes and pipes):
string="TestT100String"
echo ${string//[^[:digit:]]/}
Removes all non-digits.
I Know this is an old topic but I came her along same searches and found another great possibility apply a regex on a String/Variable using grep:
# Simple
$(echo "TestT100String" | grep -Po "[0-9]{3}")
# More complex using lookaround
$(echo "TestT100String" | grep -Po "(?i)TestT\K[0-9]{3}(?=String)")
With using lookaround capabilities search expressions can be extended for better matching. Where (?i) indicates the Pattern before the searched Pattern (lookahead),
\K indicates the actual search pattern and (?=) contains the pattern after the search (lookbehind).
https://www.regular-expressions.info/lookaround.html
The given example matches the same as the PCRE regex TestT([0-9]{3})String
Use grep. Sed is an editor. If you only want to match a regexp, grep is more than sufficient.
using awk
linux$ echo -E "TestT100String" | awk '{gsub(/[^0-9]/,"")}1'
100
I don't know why nobody ever uses expr: it's portable and easy.
newName()
{
#Get input from function
newNameTXT="$1"
if num=`expr "$newNameTXT" : '[^0-9]*\([0-9]\+\)'`; then
echo "contains $num"
fi
}
Well , the Sed with the s/"pattern1"/"pattern2"/g just replaces globally all the pattern1s to pattern 2.
Besides that, sed while by default print the entire line by default .
I suggest piping the instruction to a cut command and trying to extract the numbers u want :
If u are lookin only to use sed then use TRE:
sed -n 's/.*\(0-9\)\(0-9\)\(0-9\).*/\1,\2,\3/g'.
I dint try and execute the above command so just make sure the syntax is right.
Hope this helped.
using just the bash shell
declare -a array
i=0
while read -r line
do
case "$line" in
*TestT*String* )
while true
do
line=${line#*TestT}
array[$i]=${line%%String*}
line=${line#*String*}
i=$((i+1))
case "$line" in
*TestT*String* ) continue;;
*) break;;
esac
done
esac
done <"file"
echo ${array[#]}