I have base class Publication, which Book and Magazine inherit from.
class Author(models.Model):
pass
class Publication(models.Model):
author = models.ForeignKey(Author)
class Book(Publication):
pass
class Magazine(Publication):
pass
I want to find all Book and Magazine objects with a certain author. Since the foreign key to Author is on the parent class Publication, my attempts at a query all return Publication objects rather than the child classes:
# Both of these return Publication objects, not Book/Magazine objects
Author.objects.get(pk=1).publication_set
Publication.objects.get(author_pk=1)
Is there a way to get all instances of child classes with a certain author, without manually running the query for all child classes like Book.objects.get(author_pk=1) (in reality I have more than two child classes)?
You might need to use an external package to get this kind of functionality. This looks like what you need: https://django-model-utils.readthedocs.io/en/latest/managers.html#inheritancemanager
Specifically:
from model_utils.managers import InheritanceManager
class Place(models.Model):
# ...
objects = InheritanceManager()
class Restaurant(Place):
# ...
class Bar(Place):
# ...
nearby_places = Place.objects.filter(location='here').select_subclasses()
for place in nearby_places:
# "place" will automatically be an instance of Place, Restaurant, or Bar
Related
Is there an option to create a field that can contain a list of different types of other models?
For example we have 3 models (Man,Woman,Child), and a field that can containt a list of them?
So that i could for example do something like Human.var.add(Woman), Human.var.add(Man), Human.var.add(Child).
Some sort of a list / dict as a field could also work
(and this field should containt many of them, var containt many of them).
Real example:
class Man(models.Model):
name = models.Cha....
age = models.Inte.....
class Woman(models.Model):
name = models.Cha....
age = models.Inte.....
class Child(models.Model):
name = models.Cha....
age = models.Inte.....
class Family(models.Model):
people = *This field should take a list of Man, Woman Child, or a few of each*
Instead of store people on family, the canonical design is to reference family from people:
from django.db import models
from model_utils.managers import InheritanceManager
class Family(models.Model):
pass
class Person(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=10)
age = models.IntegerField()
family = models.ForeignKey(Family, related_name="people", on_delete=models.PROTECT)
objects = InheritanceManager()
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Man(Person): # <--- Important part, inheritance
pass # be free to extend subclasses with more fields
class Woman(Person):
pass
class Child(Person):
pass
Notice, for my convenience, I use inheritance manager from django-model-utils. But it's not mandatory if you don't need to select subclasses.
Here creating people and getting people from a family:
from people.models import Family, Man, Woman, Child
# first, we create a family
family=Family.objects.create()
# then, we assign people to the family
man=Man.objects.create(name="Daddy Pig", age=50, family=family)
woman=Woman.objects.create(name="Mummy Pig", age=50, family=family)
child=Child.objects.create(name="George", age=5, family=family)
# finally, we ask for family people. Here the more beautiful part:
family.people.select_subclasses()
Result:
<InheritanceQuerySet [<Man: Daddy Pig>, <Woman: Mummy Pig>, <Child: George>]>
Also take a look to Generic Relations because is related with this topic.
So I'm struggling with ordering the choices within an InlinePanel (for an orderable) on my site. In the admin page, when adding a new item, the options are presented in the order they were added to the site (so, essentially the 'id' for that item); this is less than ideal considering there are hundreds of options presented in a manner that is not user friendly.
I'm assuming this needs to be defined as ordering meta within the orderable, but I can't seem to get it to work. This is what my orderable looks like:
class RelatedPeople(Orderable):
service = ParentalKey('service.Services', related_name='related_person')
person = models.ForeignKey('person.People', null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, related_name='related_service')
panels = [
FieldPanel('person')
]
I've tried the following with no success:
class Meta:
ordering = 'person'
and, trying to append the field within 'person' that I want to sort by, 'name':
class Meta:
ordering = 'person.name'
There must be an obvious way to solve this that I'm over looking. A default sort order of the 'id' (in this case, for 'person.People') is rarely ever going to be suitable from the perspective of the content creator.
Any advice would be greatly appreciated!
Thanks in advance,
Rob
Person model should have:
ordering = ['name']
instead of
ordering = 'name'
And your Orderable object should have it's meta changed to
class Meta(Orderable.Meta):
Via Django Docs, this is the example of abstract base classes, and ordering:
Meta and multi-table inheritance¶
In the multi-table inheritance situation, it doesn’t make sense for a
child class to inherit from its parent’s Meta class. All the Meta
options have already been applied to the parent class and applying
them again would normally only lead to contradictory behavior (this is
in contrast with the abstract base class case, where the base class
doesn’t exist in its own right).
So a child model does not have access to its parent’s Meta class.
However, there are a few limited cases where the child inherits
behavior from the parent: if the child does not specify an ordering
attribute or a get_latest_by attribute, it will inherit these from its
parent.
If the parent has an ordering and you don’t want the child to have any
natural ordering, you can explicitly disable it:
class ChildModel(ParentModel):
# ...
class Meta:
# Remove parent's ordering effect
ordering = []
When an abstract base class is created, Django makes any Meta inner
class you declared in the base class available as an attribute. If a
child class does not declare its own Meta class, it will inherit the
parent’s Meta. If the child wants to extend the parent’s Meta class,
it can subclass it. For example:
from django.db import models
class CommonInfo(models.Model):
# ...
class Meta:
abstract = True
ordering = ['name']
class Student(CommonInfo):
# ...
class Meta(CommonInfo.Meta):
db_table = 'student_info'
I am not familiar with Wagtail, but can you take a look at this issue :
https://github.com/wagtail/wagtail/issues/4477#issuecomment-382277375
Update:
Maybe you just need to update your Person model like this:
class Person(models.Model):
...
class Meta:
ordering = 'name'
In your files, you try to order RelatedPeople by Person, but what you need is to order the Person list by name in your wagtail dropdown
Suppose there are total 3 class. A,B and C.
class A(models.Model):
one = models.IntegerField()
two = models.IntegerField()
three = models.IntegerField()
class Meta:
abstract = True
class B(A):
pass
class C(A):
pass
I am inheriting the class A in B and C,but i want to use only fields one and two in classB while all the three fields in classC.
Is it possible to inherit some fields of classA in classB and some in classC?
or is it a bad idea?
As you may already know, there are three types of inheritance across models in django.
Often, you will just want to use the parent class to hold information that you don’t want to have to type out for each child model. This class isn’t going to ever be used in isolation, so Abstract base classes are what you’re after.
If you’re subclassing an existing model (perhaps something from another application entirely) and want each model to have its own database table, Multi-table inheritance is the way to go.
Finally, if you only want to modify the Python-level behavior of a model, without changing the models fields in any way, you can use Proxy models.
The only choice for your use-case is abstract base classes.
And the thing you are looking for from docs:
Fields inherited from abstract base classes can be overridden with another field or value, or be removed with None.
So you should have:
class A(models.Model):
one = models.IntegerField()
two = models.IntegerField()
three = models.IntegerField()
class Meta:
abstract = True
class B(A):
three = None
class C(A):
three = None
And to answer your second question, It's not a bad idea; We normally use it when we want to change the USERNAME_FIELD while extending django's default user model.
Let's say I have a parent class (Products) and child class related by OneToOneField. Now let's say I have a Products instance object. How will I be able to access all the fields of child ?
class Products(models.Model):
......
class Child1(models.Model):
parent=models.OneToOneField(Products)
......
class Child2(models.Model):
parent=models.OneToOneField(Products)
......
Now let
product_instance=Products.objects.get(id=id)
How can I access child fields without knowing the child class name?
There is package called DeepCollector using this you can get all related objects
from deep_collector.core import DeepCollector
collector = DeepCollector()
collector.collect(Products)
related_objects = collector.get_collected_objects()
try this...
Given the following models:(don't mind the TextFields there're just for illustration)
class Base(models.Model):
field1 = models.TextField()
class Meta:
abstract=True
class Child1(Base):
child1_field = models.TextField()
class Child2(Base):
child2_field = models.TextField()
class Content(models.Model):
aso_items = models.ManyToManyField('Base')
According to these definitions a Content object can be associated with more than one Base object, eg. an interview(=Content object) can be linked with a musician(=Child1 object), a filmdirector(=Child2), etc.
Now, for my question:
Is it possible to filter Content objects according to which model the aso_items field points to?
An example : Say I would like a Queryset containing all the Content objects that are associated with a specific object of Child1(eg. all the interviews associated with the musician Bob Dylan), how can I achieve this?
Further, what if I'd want a QuerySet containing all the Content objects that are associated with Child1 objects?(eg. all the interviews that associated with musicians)
How does this change the filtering?
Thanks in advance
ps: I'm experiencing some problems with white space in the preview, forgive me
You should check the section of the Django docs regarding using related_name for abstract base classes. http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/db/models/#be-careful-with-related-name
To quote the docs:
If you are using the related_name
attribute on a ForeignKey or
ManyToManyField, you must always
specify a unique reverse name for the
field. This would normally cause a
problem in abstract base classes,
since the fields on this class are
included into each of the child
classes, with exactly the same values
for the attributes (including
related_name) each time.
To work around this problem, when you
are using related_name in an abstract
base class (only), part of the name
should be the string %(class)s. This
is replaced by the lower-cased name of
the child class that the field is used
in. Since each class has a different
name, each related name will end up
being different.
Using this information I would recommend moving the m2m field into the Base class:
class Content(models.Model):
# Add remaining fields for Content
pass
class Base(models.Model):
field1 = models.TextField()
items = models.ManyToManyField(Content,related_name="%(class)s_related")
class Meta:
abstract=True
class Child1(Base):
child1_field = models.TextField()
class Child2(Base):
child2_field = models.TextField()
Apparently a ForeignKey relation(or ManyToMany for that matter) with a abstract class isn't allowed.
I get the following error : 'AssertionError: ForeignKey cannot define a relation with abstract class Artiest'.
A possible solution is to define the base class as non-abstract, however this implies that one could instantiate models of the base class. Which isn't the behavior I want.(after all it was an abstract class)
Has someone come accross the same problem how did you solve it? Any alternatives?
Have a look at http://www.djangoproject.com/documentation/models/generic_relations/ which goes through generic relations. Your Content model would match up to their TaggedItem model, and your Base model would match up to their Animal/Vegetable/Mineral model (with Child1 and Child2 extending).
Getting all of the Content objects for a single child would be (assuming you set the GenericRelation to contents inside Base):
child_contents = childObject.contents.all()
And to get all Content objects for a model:
ctype = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Child1)
all_child_contents = Content.objects.filter(content_type=ctype)