I'm starting a new project using C++ and OpenGL to make a simple game and to teach myself OpenGL. I do not want to use GLUT, and would rather use SDL for making windows and such. I'm having a lot of weird trouble with the Makefile, however. Currently, when I type make, I get this response when I include $(LFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) in my G++ commands:
g++-5 tetris.o -o tetris -std=c++14
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"_SDL_CreateWindow", referenced from:
_main in tetris.o
"_SDL_GL_CreateContext", referenced from:
_main in tetris.o
"_SDL_Init", referenced from:
_main in tetris.o
"_SDL_PollEvent", referenced from:
game_loop(SDL_Window*) in tetris.o
"_glewGetErrorString", referenced from:
_main in tetris.o
"_glewInit", referenced from:
_main in tetris.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [tetris] Error 1
and this response when I do not:
g++-5 -Wall -framework SDL2 tetris.o -o tetris -std=c++14
ld: framework not found SDL2
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [tetris] Error 1
Here is my new Makefile:
CC = g++-5
CFLAGS = -Wall -c -Wno-deprecated-declarations
LFLAGS = -Wall
LDFLAGS = -framework SDL2
LDLIBS= -lSDL2 -lglew -lGL
INCLUDES = -I/Library/Frameworks/SDL2.framework/Headers/
STD = -std=c++14
all: tetris
tetris: tetris.o
$(CC) $(LFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) tetris.o -o tetris $(STD)
tetris.o: tetris.cpp
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $# tetris.cpp $(STD)
.PHONY: clean
clean:
rm tetris *.o
And the headers part of my .cpp file:
#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <iostream>
maybe you need to add
LDFLAGS = -framework GLUT
to your Makefile
Just use freeglut, you don't need to use SDL so that you can get started with OpenGL.
Related
I get the following error when trying to compile my simple program with make all:
❯ make all
clang++ --std=c++11 -Wall main.cpp
Undefined symbols for architecture arm64:
"file_reader::read_file()", referenced from:
_main in main-99040e.o
"file_reader::file_reader(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >)", referenced from:
_main in main-99040e.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture arm64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make: *** [main.o] Error 1
I can compile the program manually if I do clang++ --std=clang++11 main.cpp file_reader.cpp (and the executable works correctly), so I don't think it's an architecture error like it suggests. I think it might be a problem with my makefile, which I will include below, so if anyone has any insight that would be really helpful. I looked up several conventions for makefiles and none of them helped. The structure is pretty basic with main.cpp creating an object of type file_reader and then referencing one of its methods, so I use #include "file_reader.h" in my main.cpp.
makefile:
# compiler
CXX = clang++
# compiler flags:
# --std=clang++11 : verion
CXXFLAGS = --std=c++11 -Wall
all: main.out
main.out: main.o file_reader.o
$(CXX) main.o file_reader.o -o main
main.o: main.cpp file_reader.h
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) main.cpp
file_reader.o: file_reader.cpp file_reader.h
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) file_reader.cpp
clean:
rm -rf *.o restaurant
In my cpp project, I have header file with #include <boost/asio.hpp>.
i also got a makefile attached to the project:
CFLAGS:=-c -Wall -Weffc++ -g -std=c++11 -Iinclude
LDFLAGS:=-L/Users/user/Downloads/boost_1_61_0
all: EchoClient
g++ -o bin/echoExample bin/connectionHandler.o bin/echoClient.o $(LDFLAGS)
EchoClient: bin/connectionHandler.o bin/echoClient.o
bin/connectionHandler.o: src/connectionHandler.cpp
g++ $(CFLAGS) -o bin/connectionHandler.o src/connectionHandler.cpp
bin/echoClient.o: src/echoClient.cpp
g++ $(CFLAGS) -o bin/echoClient.o src/echoClient.cpp
.PHONY: clean
clean:
rm -f bin/*
What I need to to in order to make the program compile and run?
Do i need to download boost and put it in some folder?
Do i need to change the value LDFLAGS that inside the makefile to the download boost destination?
This is what i did so far, but it seems wrong because when I run make I get this error:
g++ -o bin/echoExample bin/connectionHandler.o bin/echoClient.o -L/Users/user/Downloads/boost_1_61_0
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"boost::system::system_category()", referenced from:
boost::asio::error::get_system_category() in connectionHandler.o
boost::system::error_code::error_code() in connectionHandler.o
___cxx_global_var_init.2 in connectionHandler.o
boost::asio::error::get_system_category() in echoClient.o
___cxx_global_var_init.2 in echoClient.o
"boost::system::generic_category()", referenced from:
___cxx_global_var_init in connectionHandler.o
___cxx_global_var_init.1 in connectionHandler.o
___cxx_global_var_init in echoClient.o
___cxx_global_var_init.1 in echoClient.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make: *** [all] Error 1
Am i doing it OK?
I'm tring to run it both in mac and in windows
The folder boost_1_61_0 contains folders: boosts, libs, status, more, tools and more
This is a pretty noob question. Basically I can't seem to be able to compile a basic Hello World program on OSX (Yosemite) using the SDL2 external library.
I'm trying to do this on console, without the help of any IDEs. I already installed the SDL 2.0.3 and it is located on the /Library/Frameworks/SDL2.framework path.
My main file looks like this:
#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
#include <stdio.h>
bool init();
void close();
SDL_Window* gameWindow = NULL;
SDL_Surface* gameScreenSurface = NULL;
bool init()
{
...
}
void close()
{
...
}
int main( int argc, char** argv)
{
if( !init() )
{
printf( "Failed to initialize!\n" );
}
else
{
SDL_Delay( 2000 );
}
close();
return 0;
}
And I also have a makefile (taken from an example I found somewhere) that looks like this:
CC = g++
LDFLAGS = -g -Wall
PROGNAME = doom
SOURCES = main.cpp
INCLUDES =
OBJECTS = $(subst %.cc, %.o, $(SOURCES))
ROOTCFLAGS := $(shell root-config --cflags)
ROOTLIBS := $(shell root-config --libs)
ROOTGLIBS := $(shell root-config --glibs)
ROOTLIBS := $(shell root-config --nonew --libs)
CFLAGS += $(ROOTCFLAGS)
LIBS += $(ROOTLIBS)
all: doom
$(PROGNAME): $(OBJECTS)
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o doom $(OBJECTS) $(LIBS)
%.o : %.cc $(INCLUDES)
$(CC) ${CFLAGS} -c -g -o $# $<
And that's about it. When I run make, I receive this response:
make: root-config: Command not found
make: root-config: Command not found
make: root-config: Command not found
make: root-config: Command not found
g++ -g -Wall -o doom main.cpp
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"_SDL_CreateWindow", referenced from:
init() in main-8b6fae.o
"_SDL_Delay", referenced from:
_main in main-8b6fae.o
"_SDL_DestroyWindow", referenced from:
close() in main-8b6fae.o
"_SDL_GetError", referenced from:
init() in main-8b6fae.o
"_SDL_GetWindowSurface", referenced from:
init() in main-8b6fae.o
"_SDL_Init", referenced from:
init() in main-8b6fae.o
"_SDL_Quit", referenced from:
close() in main-8b6fae.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make: *** [doom] Error 1
So, can I get some guidance please? I'm a little lost on where to start. I have never compiled a program on OSX or any Unix-based OS before.
I searched for that root-config thing that I'm missing, and It seems that I have to install a library called Root. I did it. Uncompressed it on a directory, don't know where to go from there.
Thanks in advance.
The makefile you found has variables for the ROOT data analysis framework, and not for SDL2.
Try running
g++ $(sdl2-config --cflags) -g -Wall -o doom main.cpp $(sdl2-config --libs)
to get started.
As amitp said, you are trying to use compiler and linker flags for the ROOT framework. Try this instead:
CFLAGS += -F/Library/Frameworks
LDFLAGS += -F/Library/Frameworks
LIBS += -framework SDL2
I would like to use tinyxml. I have used it in the past, and it works great. The only problem is I was developing on my Linux box which is a laptop. I have a mac mini and I have that set up as my desktop, so I would like to use it for a big chunk of development.
I have a simple tinyxml example that one of my instructors gave me. With this example came a Makefile like so:
ifeq ("$(shell whoami)", "malloy")
CXX = clang++
else
CXX = g++
endif
# Warnings frequently signal eventual errors:
CXXFLAGS=`sdl-config --cflags` -g -W -Wall -Weffc++ -Wextra -pedantic -O0
ifeq ("$(shell uname)", "Darwin")
LDFLAGS = -framework Foundation -framework GLUT -framework OpenGL -lm
else
ifeq ("$(shell uname)", "Linux")
LDFLAGS = `sdl-config --libs` -lm -lSDL_ttf -lSDL_image -ltinyxml
endif
endif
OBJS = \
main.o
EXEC = run
%.o: %.cpp
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $#
$(EXEC): $(OBJS)
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -o $# $(OBJS) $(LDFLAGS)
main.o: main.cpp
clean:
rm -rf $(OBJS)
rm -rf $(EXEC)
And when I try to make this simple project I get all of these Undefined symbol errors.
This is what terminal outputs after I type make:
g++ `sdl-config --cflags` -g -W -Wall -Weffc++ -Wextra -pedantic -O0 -o run main.o - framework Foundation -framework GLUT -framework OpenGL -lm
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"TiXmlString::nullrep_", referenced from:
TiXmlString::quit() in main.o
"TiXmlDocument::LoadFile(TiXmlEncoding)", referenced from:
_main in main.o
"TiXmlDocument::TiXmlDocument(char const*)", referenced from:
_main in main.o
"TiXmlNode::Clear()", referenced from:
_main in main.o
"TiXmlNode::~TiXmlNode()", referenced from:
TiXmlDocument::~TiXmlDocument() in main.o
"TiXmlElement::Attribute(char const*) const", referenced from:
_main in main.o
"TiXmlNode::FirstChildElement() const", referenced from:
TiXmlNode::FirstChildElement() in main.o
"TiXmlNode::NextSiblingElement() const", referenced from:
TiXmlNode::NextSiblingElement() in main.o
"vtable for TiXmlDocument", referenced from:
TiXmlDocument::~TiXmlDocument() in main.o
NOTE: a missing vtable usually means the first non-inline virtual member function has no definition.
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make: *** [run] Error 1
I know it is a linker error that is about it. I used Homebrew to install tinyxml. It was actually giving me problems so after I got the tar-ball for tinyxml I extracted it and put the folder in /usr/local/include. g++ doesn't complain about finding the files. Just stuff with the v-table.
Any help is greatly appreciated! Thanks in advance!!!
You should modify the makefile and instruct the linker to use tinyxml (-ltinyxml) in the "Darwin" case. AFAIK, tinyxml is not bundled with OSX so you may need to find or build that. Instead, you can use expat (simpler-easier) or libxml2 (faster-detailed), which already come with OSX (you can also use (c++) wrappers, google them...)
I keep getting error
make: *** No rule to make target `all'. Stop.
I am sure my makefile works perfectly, because I did run it on the terminal and everything fine. But when I try to import everything into eclispe by create an Empty Makefile Project, I couldn't compile the program. So did I miss something in eclipse configuration ?
Anyway, this is my makefile, please take a look, and correct me. Thanks
CC = g++
prog: legrec.o game.o board.o piece.o
$(CC) legrec.o game.o board.o piece.o -Wall -Werror -pedantic -o legrec
legrec.o: legrec.cpp game.h
$(CC) -Wall -Werror -pedantic -c legrec.cpp
game.o: game.cpp game.h board.h piece.h move.h player.h
$(CC) -Wall -Werror -pedantic -c game.cpp
board.o: board.cpp board.h piece.h move.h player.h
$(CC) -Wall -Werror -pedantic -c board.cpp
piece.o: piece.cpp piece.h board.h move.h player.h
$(CC) -Wall -Werror -pedantic -c piece.cpp
EDIT: Thanks for all replies, I did change the first line into all:legrec, and the previous error message was gone, however another errors came out
cc legrec.o -o legrec
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"game::game()", referenced from:
_main in legrec.o
"game::printMenu()", referenced from:
_main in legrec.o
"game::printBoard()", referenced from:
_main in legrec.o
"game::nextMove()", referenced from:
_main in legrec.o
"game::ended()", referenced from:
_main in legrec.o
"game::printWinner()", referenced from:
_main in legrec.o
"game::~game()", referenced from:
_main in legrec.o
"std::terminate()", referenced from:
_main in legrec.o
"std::ios_base::Init::Init()", referenced from:
__static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)in legrec.o
"std::ios_base::Init::~Init()", referenced from:
___tcf_0 in legrec.o
"___gxx_personality_v0", referenced from:
Dwarf Exception Unwind Info (__eh_frame) in legrec.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [legrec] Error 1
I just don't understand why running same platform but the program performs differently. Before I was run on the terminal and edit on there that seems very well, but after porting into Eclipse, it drives me insance with the weird errors.
Your very first rule is not really good.
You could rename it to all and it would "work". But a better approach would be:
all: legrec
legrec: legrec.o game.o board.o piece.o
$(CC) legrec.o game.o board.o piece.o -Wall -Werror -pedantic -o legrec
i.e. the rule name should match the output produced.
If you type just make on the command line, the very first rule encountered is run (that's why it works for you). I'm guessing your IDE is running make all, and you haven't defined such a rule.
I am not an expert, but I'll try to help.
Rename the maketarget prog to legrec"
Try adding the following lines
.PHONY: all clean
all: legrec
Also your makefile doesn't have clean target. For that looking at your make file I suggest adding
clean:
#rm *.o legrec
You can improve the makefile in a number of ways to reduce duplication.
make knows how to turn a cpp file into an object file so you dont need to tell it. Just define the compiler and the options to use: I have added CPPFLAGS.
make will build the first target it finds in the makefile - in this case 'legrec'. The $# in the LD (link) command refers to legrec. The $^ refers to the prerequisites (ie the list of objects)
Here is my version:
CC = g++
CPPFLAGS = -Wall -Werror -pedantic
LDFLAGS =
legrec: legrec.o game.o board.o piece.o
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $^ -o $#
legrec.o: game.h
game.o: board.h piece.h move.h player.h game.h
board.o: board.h piece.h move.h player.h
piece.o: board.h piece.h move.h player.h
.PHONY: clean
clean:
#rm -f *.o legrec
Note that you can add -g or -O etc to the CPPFLAGS line. By the way, there are many more warnings that the compiler can give you than are produced by -Wall. For C, I normally use:
-Wall \
-Wextra \
-Wshadow \
-Wstrict-prototypes \
-Wmissing-prototypes \
-Wundef \
-Wunreachable-code \
-Wunused \
-Wcast-qual