SDL_LoadBMP() displaying a black surface while surface is referenced - c++

Trying to load an image onto an SDL_Surface. However the surface is always black although the bmp is clearly not.
NOTE
This is a working SDL_Window and creating a surface pointer is successful, what is unsuccessful is loading "Kassadin.bmp" which is located in the Code::Blocks project folder. It displays a black surface.
ALL answers on this particular question have NOT solved this problem, before marking this as a duplicate.
#include <iostream>
#include <SDL.h>
#include <stdio.h>
using namespace std;
const int SCREEN_WIDTH = 700;
const int SCREEN_HEIGHT = SCREEN_WIDTH / 12 * 9;
//Create an SDL_Window pointer
SDL_Window* window = NULL;
//Create an SDL_Surface pointer
SDL_Surface* surface = NULL;
//SDL_Surface for an image
SDL_Surface* imgSurface = NULL;
bool init(){
//try init SDL
if(SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0){
cout << "Failed init SDL" << endl;
return false;
}else{
//create window title x pos y pos width height flags
//This doesnt include a surface ie it will be a plain window
window = SDL_CreateWindow("An SDL Window", SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN);
}
if(window == NULL){
cout << "Failed creating SDL window" << endl;
return false;
}else{
// creates surface with an SDL_Window object
surface = SDL_GetWindowSurface(window);
}
return true;
}
bool loadMedia(){
imgSurface = SDL_LoadBMP("Kassadin.bmp");
return true;
}
void close(){
//Sets the SDL_Window pointer to NULL again
SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
window = NULL;
SDL_FreeSurface (imgSurface);
imgSurface = NULL;
//quits
SDL_Quit();
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
if(!init()){
cout << "error init sdl" << endl;
}else{
if(!loadMedia){
cout << "Trouble loading media..." << endl;
}else{
SDL_BlitSurface(imgSurface, NULL, surface, NULL);
}
}
//This is so it's not just a static window ie it can update
SDL_UpdateWindowSurface(window);
SDL_Delay(5000);
close();
return 0;
}

Problemmatic line is
if(!loadMedia){
It is not a function call. What it does is checks address of function loadMedia is NULL, which is always false because function address assigned by linker (as opposed to funciton pointers which you manually assign at runtime).
As you mentioned codeblocks, I suppose you use gcc to compile your code. If only you've added at least -Wall flag (which is a very good practice) compiler would have warned you that you're doing something that very much looks like a mistake:
test2.cpp:70:9: warning: the address of ‘bool loadMedia()’ will always evaluate as ‘true’ [-Waddress]

Related

Getting an image on screen with SDL2

I've been trying to have a bitmap image displayed on screen but I can't figure out why it's not displaying it for the life of me. Here's the code:
#include <iostream>
#include <SDL.h>
bool init(SDL_Window *window, SDL_Surface *surface) {
bool success {true};
if (SDL_InitSubSystem(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) != 0) {
std::cout << "Could not initialize video: " << SDL_GetError() << "\n";
success = false;
}
window = SDL_CreateWindow("SDL Tutorial", SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, 640, 480, 0);
if (window == NULL) {
std::cout << "Could not create window: " << SDL_GetError() << "\n";
success = false;
}
surface = SDL_GetWindowSurface(window);
return success;
}
bool loadMedia(SDL_Surface *image) {
bool success {true};
image = SDL_LoadBMP("C:\\Users\\Admin\\Documents\\Files\\Programming\\C++\\game\\Untitled.bmp");
if (image == NULL) {
std::cout << "Could not load image: " << SDL_GetError() << "\n";
success = false;
}
return success;
}
void close(SDL_Window *window, SDL_Surface *surface, SDL_Surface *image) {
SDL_FreeSurface(surface);
surface = nullptr;
SDL_FreeSurface(image);
image = nullptr;
SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
window = nullptr;
SDL_Quit();
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
bool quit {false};
SDL_Event event;
SDL_Window *window {nullptr};
SDL_Surface *surface {nullptr};
SDL_Surface *image {nullptr};
if (!init(window, surface)) {
std::cout << "Initialization failed\n";
return 1;
}
if (!loadMedia(image)) {
std::cout << "Loading media failed\n";
return 1;
}
SDL_BlitSurface(image, NULL, surface, NULL);
SDL_UpdateWindowSurface(window);
while (!quit) {
SDL_WaitEvent(&event);
switch (event.type) {
case SDL_QUIT:
quit = true;
break;
default: break;
}
}
close(window, surface, image);
return 0;
}
The file structure is like so:
-game/
-image.bmp
-main.cpp
-main.exe
-Makefile
Makefile is like so:
all : main.cpp
g++ main.cpp -IC:\SDL2\include\SDL2 -LC:\SDL2\lib -w -lmingw32 -lSDL2main -lSDL2 -o main
SDL version 2.0.14 64-bit
mingw 64-bit
Windows 10 64-bit
I don't even know how much more information is necessary.
I have tried using events, not using events, using an absolute path, making the variables global, different file formats, trying to display it using a renderer and a texture, putting everything in main, making the image the same size as the screen, using ImageMagick convert as per the suggestion of an answer on some other thread on here, disabling the console window with the -Wl,-subsystem,windows compiler flag, but nothing I did has worked. Any help here?
You are passing parameters to init() - but the function receives a copy of those things. Then you change the copies passed into the function so they point somewhere else - but that doesn't change where the original pointers point. Then when you return to main() you use the original pointers which are still pointing to null.
It's the same as writing this:
void f(int x) {
x=2; // change the copy of x passed to this function
}
int main() {
int x=1;
f(x);
printf("%d\n",x); // prints the original value: 1
}
When what you should do is pass pointers to the things you want to change and then inside the function change the contents of the parameters:
void f(int *x) {
*x=2; // change the contents of the pointer: the original x
}
int main() {
int x=1;
f(&x); // pass a pointer to x
printf("%d\n",x); // prints the changed value: 2
}
So, in your case, what you need to do is pass pointers to the things you want to change (a pointer to window and a pointer to surface) and then inside init() change the contents of the parameters:
bool init(SDL_Window **window, SDL_Surface **surface) {
// ...
*window = SDL_CreateWindow("SDL Tutorial", SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, 640, 480, 0);
// ...
*surface = SDL_GetWindowSurface(window);
// ...
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
// ...
SDL_Window *window {nullptr};
SDL_Surface *surface {nullptr};
// ...
if (!init(&window, &surface)) {
std::cout << "Initialization failed\n";
return 1;
}
// ...
}

SDL: Blitting BMP to window surface black screen mystery

I've written the following code to load a BMP image as a surface and then blit that image onto the window:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "SDL.h"
#include <iostream>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
//init
SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO);
SDL_Window* window = SDL_CreateWindow("Playground", SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, 500, 500, 0);
std::cout << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;
SDL_Surface* surface = SDL_GetWindowSurface(window);
//load file and convert to texture
SDL_Surface* bmp = SDL_LoadBMP("sample.bmp");
std::cout << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;
//render texture
SDL_Rect area;
area.x, area.y = 3;
area.h, area.w = 25;
SDL_BlitSurface(bmp, &area, surface, &area);
std::cout << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;
SDL_UpdateWindowSurface(window);
std::cout << SDL_GetError() << std::endl;
SDL_Delay(3000);
//clean up
SDL_FreeSurface(bmp);
SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
SDL_Quit();
return 0;
}
When I press F5 (I'm working in Visual Studio Express 2017) to build and run the program, the program created runs, creates a window, and then the window remains entirely black as the program runs. I receive no error messages from V.S., SDL_GetError(), or Windows.
There appears to be no problems but the image just gets lost somewhere, it seems. Would anyone be able to help me?
P.S. Here is the bmp I am trying to display:
This code doesn't do what you think it does:
area.x, area.y = 3;
area.h, area.w = 25;
You should change it to
area.x = area.y = 3;
area.h = area.w = 25;
to have multiple assignments. Or even better just initialize SDL_Rect inline:
SDL_Rect area = { 3, 3, 25, 25 };

SDL_UpperBlit: passed a NULL surface error

In the following code:
#include <iostream>
#include "SDL.h"
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
SDL_Surface* screenSurface = nullptr;
SDL_Surface* image = nullptr;
SDL_Window* window = nullptr;
const Uint8* keystate;
SDL_Rect offset;
offset.x = 100;
offset.y = 200;
if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0)
{
cout << "Window initialization error: " << SDL_GetError();
}
else
{
window = SDL_CreateWindow("game", SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, 800, 600, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN);
bool isRunning = true;
SDL_Event ev;
//game loop
while (isRunning)
{
while (SDL_PollEvent(&ev) != 0)
{
if (ev.type == SDL_QUIT)
isRunning = false;
}
keystate = SDL_GetKeyboardState(NULL);
if (keystate[SDL_SCANCODE_W])
{
offset.y -= 1;
}
else if (keystate[SDL_SCANCODE_A])
{
offset.x -= 1;
}
else if (keystate[SDL_SCANCODE_S])
{
offset.y += 1;
}
else if (keystate[SDL_SCANCODE_D])
{
offset.x += 1;
}
screenSurface = SDL_GetWindowSurface(window);
image = SDL_LoadBMP("world.bmp");
SDL_BlitSurface(image, NULL, screenSurface, &offset);
SDL_UpdateWindowSurface(window);
cout << SDL_GetError() << endl;
}
}
SDL_FreeSurface(image);
SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
image = nullptr;
window = nullptr;
SDL_Quit();
return 0;
}
I get an error, saying: "SDL_UpperBlit: passed a NULL surface error." But the error did not occur until I went from using a switch statement in the while loop for SDL_PollEvent, to just using if statements using SDL_SCANCODE_ in the isRunning while loop. So the error does not occur instantly, but after a short while, like 10 seconds or so. So I am able to move around the world.bmp with WASD for a short while, then I get the error "SDL_UpperBlit: passed a NULL surface error.".
What's the solution for this?
image = SDL_LoadBMP("world.bmp");
This loads world.bmp from the disk, creates a brand new surface and stores the image inside. You never destroy this surface, and you don't check for errors either.
As you're running this once per frame, SDL quickly runs out of resources, SDL_LoadBMP returns NULL to signal it, and you pass that NULL to SDL_BlitSurface.
Only load your resources once, and take care of destroying them at the right time. C++ has smart pointers and RAII to do that for you.

Error to pixel manipulation SDL2 c++

i'm trying to create a manual color key with pixel manipulation in SDL2, but when i execute the program, the color key doesn't work, these pixels become white, but not transparent.
I tried to Lock the surface and set the surface blendmode, but doesn't work too.
Code:
// IO includes
#include <iostream>
// String includes
#include <string>
// SDL includes
#include <SDL.h>
#include <SDL_image.h>
// Screen constants
#define SCREEN_WIDTH 640
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 480
using namespace std;
// Window variables
SDL_Window *window = NULL;
SDL_Surface *windowSurface = NULL;
// Image surfaces
SDL_Surface *background = NULL;
SDL_Surface *image = NULL;
// Functions
bool initializeSDL();
SDL_Surface *loadSurfaceFromFile(string path);
void SetColorKey(SDL_Surface *surface, Uint32 color);
bool LoadFiles();
void FreeMemory();
// SDL_main
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
// Try to initialize and load files
if(initializeSDL() == false){
FreeMemory();
return -1;
}
if(LoadFiles() == false){
FreeMemory();
return -1;
}
// Blit images
SDL_BlitSurface(background, NULL, windowSurface, NULL);
SDL_BlitSurface(image, NULL, windowSurface, new SDL_Rect(70, 277, image->w, image->h));
// Update screen
SDL_UpdateWindowSurface(window);
// Loop
SDL_Event ev;
while(true){
if(SDL_PollEvent(&ev) && ev.type == SDL_QUIT) break;
}
return 0;
}
bool initializeSDL(){
// Try to initialize the video
if( SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0 ){
// Print error
cout << "Error to initialize the video: " << SDL_GetError() << endl;
return false;
}
// Try to create the window
window = SDL_CreateWindow("Surface", SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN);
if(window == NULL){
// Print error
cout << "Error to create the window: " << SDL_GetError() << endl;
return false;
}
// Try to initialize PNG format
int imgFlags = IMG_INIT_PNG;
if(! (IMG_Init(imgFlags) &imgFlags) ) return false;
// Get the window surface
windowSurface = SDL_GetWindowSurface(window);
// If everything is fine, return true
return true;
}
SDL_Surface* loadSurfaceFromFile(string path){
// Create a temporary surface
SDL_Surface *tmpSurface = NULL;
// Create an optimized surface
SDL_Surface *optimizedSurface = NULL;
// Try to load the tmpSurface
tmpSurface = IMG_Load(path.c_str());
if(tmpSurface == NULL){
// Print error
cout << "Error to load the image: " << SDL_GetError() << endl;
return NULL;
}
// Try to optimize the surface
optimizedSurface = SDL_ConvertSurface(tmpSurface, windowSurface->format, NULL);
SDL_FreeSurface(tmpSurface); // Free tmpSurface memory
delete tmpSurface; // Delete the tmpSurface
if(optimizedSurface == NULL){
// Print error
cout << "Error to optimize the image: " << SDL_GetError() << endl;
}
return optimizedSurface;
}
void SetColorKey(SDL_Surface *surface, Uint32 color){
Uint32 *pixels = (Uint32*)surface->pixels;
int pixelCount = (surface->pitch/4) * surface->h;
Uint32 transparent = SDL_MapRGBA(image->format, 255, 255, 255, 0);
for(int i=0;i<pixelCount;i++){
if(pixels[i] == color){
pixels[i] = transparent;
}
}
}
bool LoadFiles(){
// Try to load the background
background = loadSurfaceFromFile("background.bmp");
if(background == NULL) return false;
// Try to load the image
image = loadSurfaceFromFile("image.png");
if(image == NULL) return false;
// Set manual color key to image
SetColorKey(image, SDL_MapRGB(image->format, 0, 255, 255));
return true;
}
void FreeMemory(){
SDL_FreeSurface(background);
SDL_FreeSurface(image);
SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
IMG_Quit();
SDL_Quit();
}

SDL_Texture is not being set

I am having troubles with SDL_Texture
RPGTutorial.cpp
#include "stdafx.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
bool quit = false;
SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO);
SDL_Window* window = NULL;
window = SDL_CreateWindow("RPG Tutorial!", 100, 100, 600, 400, SDL_WINDOW_SHOWN);
if (window == NULL)
{
std::cout << "Window couldn't be created" << std::endl;
return 0;
}
SDL_Renderer* renderer = NULL;
renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(window, -1, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED);
if (renderer == NULL)
{
std::cout << "Renderer is not being created!" << std::endl;
SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
SDL_Event* mainEvent = new SDL_Event();
SDL_Texture* grass = NULL;
grass = IMG_LoadTexture(renderer, "Grass.bmp");
if (grass == NULL)
{
std::cout << "Grass Image was not found!" << std::endl;
SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
delete mainEvent;
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
SDL_Rect grass_rect;
grass_rect.x = 0;
grass_rect.y = 0;
grass_rect.w = 64 * 2;
grass_rect.h = 64 * 2;
while (!quit && mainEvent->type != SDL_QUIT)
{
SDL_PollEvent(mainEvent);
SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
SDL_RenderCopy(renderer, grass, NULL, &grass_rect);
SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
}
SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
delete mainEvent;
return 0;
}
stdafx.h
#include <SDL.h>
#include <SDL_image.h>
#include <SDL_mixer.h>
#include <iostream>
I have the Grass.bmp in the RPGTutorial->RPGTutorial->Grass.bmp
When I compile it, it is successful. It runs through the code til I get to the part where it checks if(grass == NULL) and it goes through that and exits. Can someone help me know why my grass is not being set to the image when I have the image in the same folder that the .cpp files are in? I even tried adding an Image folder to hold it in, and it did not work either.
If you have the time, I recommend you take some time to go through the Lazyfoo tutorials they are fantastic. He mentions this issue in the second tutorial, "Getting an Image on the Screen."
Visual Studio changes your current working directory to the place where your .vcxproj file is. That will be the directory you want to place your resources in. If you're not sure where that is, you can use the _getcwd() function in the direct.h header MSDN Source For getcwd