c++ class function as argument to another class function - c++

I am trying to pass a templated member function of one class as an argument of a templated member function of another class. I've seen several examples of using function pointers, but i am trying to pass this function argument directly.
in
template <class Item>
class MinHeap
i have the function
tempmlate <class Item>
template <class Process>
void inorder (Process f, const int index)
{
if (index < size())
{
inorder(f, index*2 +1);
f(data[index]);
inorder(f, index*2 +2);
}
}
and in
template<item>
class sequ
i have a function called
void insert(const Item& x);
I'm trying to do this in main:
MinHeap<int>* tree = new MinHeap<int>();
//insert some stuff
sequ<int>* s = new sequ<int>();
tree->inorder(s->insert);
but the last line gives me the error:
error: reference to non-static member function must be called
tree->inorder(s->insert);
when i replace s->insert with the function, print
void print(int x)
{
printf("%d\n", x);
}
it works fine.
how do i use a member function as argument?

&sequ<int>::insert gives you a pointer to the the member function insert of the sequ<int> class. However, to call a member function you also need an instance of the class. Said another way, you cannot perform f(data[index]); in the inorder function because you need an object instance to call the f member function.
Example Code
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
template<typename T>
class Bar
{
public:
void barFn(const std::string& data) { std::cout << "Bar<T>::barFn: " << data << "\n"; }
};
template<typename T>
class Foo
{
public:
Foo() : mData{ "Hello World" } {}
template<typename C, typename F>
void fooFn(C* instance, F memFn, size_t n)
{
(instance->*memFn)(mData[n]);
}
private:
std::vector<std::string> mData;
};
int main()
{
Bar<int> bar;
Foo<int> foo;
foo.fooFn(&bar, &Bar<int>::barFn, 0);
return 0;
}
Example Output
Bar<T>::barFn: Hello World
Live Example

Related

How to pass functions as parameters within a class?

I am trying to pass my print function as a paramater through my inordertraversal class which belongs to a templated binarySearchTree. whenever I define these functions within main the program works fine but whenever i try to encapsulate them I get a error:
"expected primary-expression before '&' token"
This is the code that works
void print(classdatatype& x);
int main()
{
binarySearchTree<classdatatype> tree;
tree.inorderTraversal(print);
return 0;
}
void print(classdatatype& x) { cout << x << " "; }
The declaration of my inordertraveral templated class is
template <class elemType>
void binarySearchTree<elemType>::inorderTraversal(void (*visit)(elemType& item))
I can show the rest of the code if needed but this all works just fine
Once I move these functions into my class it looks like this
(the declarations for print and the binarySearchTree are in the .cpp same as they are declared above)
void bst::printfunctions(classdatatype& x)
{
tree.inorderTraversal(print(classdatatype & x)); //error here
}
void bst::print(classdatatype& x)
{
cout << x << " ";
}
The error is to do within the brackets of print, I have tried many different things but to me this is the correct declaration; therefore I don't know why it's not working.
Any advice would be greatly appreciated.
EDIT: print is a function pointer to print the details of classdatatype which is stored inside a binary search tree.
EDIT2: minimal reproducible example.
Data types are as they are and not like in the above example. This is as basic as I could make this and I ended up getting another error which I couldn't resolve but for the purpose of this example it doesn't matter and should be ignored.
main() is included but is minimal and may not serve its purpose but the problem doesn't lie here anyway.
main()
#include <iostream>
#include "windlogtype.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
windlogtype wind;
ifstream infile("data.txt");
//for purose of this data is one integer value
infile >> wind;
//do something
//main purpose is to get input
return 0;
}
class windlogtype
#include "windlogtype.h"
windlogtype::windlogtype() { }
windlogtype::windlogtype(int i) { num = i; }
int windlogtype::Getnumber() const { return num; }
void windlogtype::Setnumber(int i) { num = i; }
ostream operator<<(ostream& os, const windlogtype& w)
{
os << w.Getnumber() << '\n';
return os;
}
#ifndef WINDLOGTYPE_H
#define WINDLOGTYPE_H
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class windlogtype
{
public:
windlogtype();
windlogtype(int i);
int Getnumber() const;
void Setnumber(int i);
private:
int num;
};
ostream operator<<(ostream& os, const windlogtype& w);
#endif // WINDLOGTYPE_H
class binarySearchTree
#include <iostream>
#include <assert.h>
using namespace std;
template <class elemType> struct binaryTreeNode
{
elemType info;
binaryTreeNode<elemType>* llink;
binaryTreeNode<elemType>* rlink;
};
template <class elemType> class binarySearchTree
{
public:
const binarySearchTree<elemType>& operator=(const binarySearchTree<elemType>&);
void inorderTraversal(void (*visit) (elemType&));
binarySearchTree();
~binarySearchTree();
binaryTreeNode<elemType>* root;
private:
void inorder(binaryTreeNode<elemType>* p, void (*visit) (elemType&));
};
template <class elemType> binarySearchTree<elemType>::binarySearchTree() {
root = NULL;
}
template <class elemType> void binarySearchTree<elemType>::inorderTraversal(void (*visit) (elemType& item))
{
inorder(root, *visit);
}
template <class elemType> void binarySearchTree<elemType>::inorder(binaryTreeNode<elemType>* p, void (*visit) (elemType& item))
{
if (p != NULL)
{
inorder(p->llink, *visit);
(*visit)(p->info);
inorder(p->rlink, *visit);
}
}
class bst
#ifndef BST_H
#define BST_H
#include "binarySearchTree.h"
#include "windlogtype.h"
using namespace std;
class bst
{
public:
bst();
void InsertTree(windlogtype& newwind);
void printfunctions(windlogtype& x);
binarySearchTree<windlogtype>& GetTree();
void print(windlogtype& x);
private:
binarySearchTree<windlogtype> treeRoot;
};
#endif // BST_H
#include "bst.h"
bst::bst(){/*ctor*/ }
binarySearchTree<windlogtype>& bst::GetTree() { return treeRoot; }
void bst::print(windlogtype& x) { cout << x << " "; }
void bst::printfunctions(windlogtype& x)
{
treeRoot.inorderTraversal(print(windlogtype & x)); // error lies here
}
The
void bst::print(classdatatype& x) // is a member function
and
void print(classdatatype& x); // is a free function.
Hence the function pointers to hold them will be also different.
The OP has mentioned in the comments, that he/she wants to pass the member function print() from bst class to member functioninorderTraversal() of binarySearchTree<elemType> class. In that case passing the member-function is not sufficient, in addition to that the instance of the class to which the print function will be called also should be passed.
The Lambda function can come in handy to simplify this by capturing the instance of bst class and pass to the inorderTraversal() of the binarySearchTree class.
That means, inside template <class elemType> class binarySearchTree provide:
template<typename Callable>
void inorderTraversal(Callable visit)
{
inorder(root, visit); // simply pass visit further
// or avoid coping by warapping std::cref(): i.e. inorder(root, std::cref(visit));
}
template<typename Callable>
void inorder(binaryTreeNode<elemType>* p, Callable visit)
{
if (p != NULL)
{
inorder(p->llink, visit); // or inorder(root, std::cref(visit));
visit(p->info); // call directly with parameter
inorder(p->rlink, visit); // or inorder(root, std::cref(visit));
}
}
Inside the bst class
void printfunctions(windlogtype& x)
{
// lambda captures the instance by copy
const auto printThisLogType = [this](windlogtype & x)->void { this->print(x); };
treeRoot.inorderTraversal(printThisLogType); // pass the callable lambda
}
Here is compiling code: https://godbolt.org/z/jhCnPs
PS: The other error was from operator<< of windlogtype class where you missed to return the reference of std::ostream.
To be honest, you could have made a further simpler minimal code, by replacing windlogtype with int and showing the defenitions of the member function next to the declaration. That would make the code to read easily.

Having a template compile for only known execution path

In the example below I am having a issue with getting it to compile even though I know the known execution path will be "safe". By "safe" I mean I know I will only use it in this manner. Is there an algorithm or a better way to structure a scenario where even though I know I will never have a "Type" of "float" passed with a "kind" value of 1?
The error in particular I get is that
error C2248: 'foo::foo' : cannot access private member declared in class 'foo'
Test case example
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class foo {
private:
foo(float val) {
val = 99.0f;
}
public:
foo(int val) {
val = 2;
}
};
template<typename Type>
struct bar {
public:
vector<Type> array;
void Add(Type value) {
array.push_back(value);
}
};
class bunny {
bar<float> floats;
bar<foo> foos;
public:
template<typename Type>
void Initialize(int kind, Type value) {
if(kind == 0)
floats.Add(value);
else if(kind == 1)
foos.Add(value);
}
};
int main(void) {
bunny first; first.Initialize(0, 1.0f);
//bunny second; second.Initialize(1, 0);
return 0;
}
In C++ you can have multiple functions that have the same name but differ in number or type of the arguments, so, for example, you can have two functions:
void foo(float a)
{
std::cout << "Float!" << a << std::endl;
}
void foo(int a)
{
std::cout << "Int!" << a << std::endl;
}
If you call one of these functions the compiler will deduce what function to call based on the argument you gave to the function.
That is called function overloading.
In your case you could probably rewrite your bunny class to something like this:
class bunny {
bar<float> floats;
bar<foo> foos;
public:
void Initialize(foo value) {
foos.Add(value);
}
void Initialize(float value) {
floats.Add(value);
}
};
If you call first.Initialize(1.0f) the compiler knows that he needs to call void Initialize(float value) because you passed a float to the function.

Template detects if T is pointer or class

Considering the following code:
class MyClass
{
...
};
template <typename Object>
class List
{
public:
void insert(const Object & x)
{
// call when Object is MyClass
}
void insert(const Object & x)
{
// call when Object is MyClass*
}
}
int main()
{
MyClass a;
List<MyClass> lst;
List<MyClass*> plst;
lst.insert(a);
plst.insert(new Myclass);
return 0;
}
How to tell the compiler call different methods based on if the template is a class or a pointer?
How to fix the code above?
You can use a combination of std::is_pointer and std::enable_if:
#include <type_traits>
#include <iostream>
class MyClass
{
};
template <typename Object>
class List
{
public:
template<class T=Object>
void insert(T t, typename std::enable_if<std::is_pointer<T>::value >::type* = 0)
{
std::cout << "insert pointer" << std::endl;
}
template<class T=Object>
void insert(T t, typename std::enable_if<!std::is_pointer<T>::value >::type* = 0)
{
std::cout << "insert non-pointer" << std::endl;
}
};
int main()
{
MyClass a;
List<MyClass> lst;
List<MyClass*> plst;
lst.insert(a);
plst.insert(new MyClass());
return 0;
}
Live example: https://ideone.com/CK8Zdo
This will allow you to insert both pointers and non-pointers into a pointer or non-pointer list.
If you want to restrict that, you can use this:
#include <type_traits>
#include <iostream>
class MyClass
{
};
template <typename Object>
class List
{
public:
template<class T=Object>
void insert(T t, typename std::enable_if<std::is_same<T,Object>::value&&std::is_pointer<T>::value >::type* = 0)
{
std::cout << "insert pointer" << std::endl;
}
template<class T=Object>
void insert(const T& t, typename std::enable_if<std::is_same<T,Object>::value&&!std::is_pointer<T>::value >::type* = 0)
{
std::cout << "insert non-pointer" << std::endl;
}
};
int main()
{
MyClass a;
List<MyClass> lst;
List<MyClass*> plst;
lst.insert(a);
// plst.insert(a); // compiler error
// lst.insert(new MyClass()); // compiler error
plst.insert(new MyClass());
return 0;
}
Live example: https://ideone.com/3DtBfr
I'm aware that my answer is not exactly about what you are asking, but maybe it could help.
I believe your intention is to have List class with one insert method (not two of them) and behaviour of this method should depend on your template parameter. For this
you could write a specialization of your class for pointers. Then basic template would be used for non pointer types and specialization would be used for pointer types.
Your code would look like this:
template <typename Object>
class List
{
public:
void insert(const Object & x)
{
// call when Object is MyClass
}
};
template <typename Object>
class List<Object *>
{
public:
void insert(Object * x)
{
// call when Object is MyClass*
}
};
void insert(const Object & x)
{
M_insert(x, dispatcher<std::is_pointer<Object>::value> );
}
Inside List use a dispatcher
template <bool B> class dispatcher {};
using ObjectPtr = dispatcher<true>;
using ObjectValue = dispatcher<false>;
then dispatch to M_insert:
void M_insert(const Object &p, ObjectPtr) { // Object is a pointer }
void M_insert(const Object &p, ObjectValue) { // Object is not a pointer }
Live example here. But, I'd encourage you to determine whether you really need that and possibly fix your design accordingly.
This does the trick:
template <typename Object>
class List
{
public:
template<class C = Object>
void insert(const C & x)
{
// call when Object is MyClass
std::cout << "1" << "\n" ;
}
template<class P = Object*>
void insert(P* p)
{
// call when Object is MyClass*
std::cout << "2" << "\n" ;
}
} ;
Here is a working example.

initialize a member of some class in initialization list if the member is a template class

[Solved]: The problem was not in template class initialization, but with code-specific issue of using undefined macro inside a template class constructor. The compiler error did not complain about undefined symbol, but was (wrongfully) related to lambdas.
I've searched for an answer but couldn't find an exact one. The closest answer is here: C++ invoke explicit template constructor but I'm not sure if that is entirely related to my question.
And my question is, how can I initialize a member of structure B in initialization list if the member is a template class?
Header ClassA.h:
#ifndef _A_
#define _A_
#include <typeinfo>
#include <windows.h>
template<class Type> class A{
int u,v;
Type** pointer;
public:
A();
A(int number);
~A();
Type& operator[] (int i){
typeid(Type);
return *pointer[i];
}
Type& Get(int i)
{
typeid(Type);
return *pointer[i];
}
Type *GetPointer(int i)
{
typeid(Type);
return pointer[i];
}
Type* add ();
Type& add(Type *element);
Type& add(Type *element, int place);
void expand(int NewLength);
void swap(Type *element, int place);
void remove(int number);
void remove(Type *element);
void removePointer(int number);
void removePointer(Type *element);
};
template<class Type>A<Type>::A(){
u = 128;
v = 10;
}
template<class Type>A<Type>::A(int number){
//some thing to do with number;
u = number;
v = 10;
New( pointer, Type *[u] );
}
template <class Type> A<Type>::~A()
{
}
template <class Type> void A<Type>::expand(int NewLength)
{
Type **NewList = NULL;
NewList = new Type*[NewLength];
}
template <class Type> Type* A<Type>::add ()
{
pointer[u] = new Type;
}
template <class Type> Type& A<Type>::add(Type *element)
{
}
template <class Type> Type& A<Type>::add(Type *element, int place)
{
}
template <class Type> void A<Type>::swap(Type *element, int place)
{
}
template <class Type> void A<Type>::remove(Type *element)
{
}
template <class Type> void A<Type>::removePointer(int nume)
{
}
template <class Type> void A<Type>::removePointer(Type *element)
{
}
#endif
Header StructB.h:
#pragma once
#ifndef _B_
#define _B_
#include "ClassA.h"
struct C{
float x,y,z;
};
struct B{
private:
B(){
}
public:
int x,y;
A<B*> member1;
A<C> member2;
B(int X,int Y) : member1(5),member2(5) {
//initialize x,y
}
void Add(B* otherB){
B** _pOtherB = new B*; (*_pOtherB) = otherB;
member1.add(_pOtherB);
}
};
#endif
The compiler complains with this error (and some other errors, I can post them if nedded):
error C3493: 'number' cannot be implicitly captured because no default capture mode has been specified
Is there any way to do this, or some workaround perhaps?
Thanks in advance :D
Either the code you've given us isn't complete, or it is broken. This line:
New(pointer, Type *[u]);
seems to be referencing either some missing member method or global function, or it is simply invalid. The error message is kinda cryptic, but that's C++ for you.
I'm going to assume that New is some kind of macro, because no normal function (even a templated one) can take this sort of type definition as a parameter. You've not given us the definition of New, so there's no way we can tell. It is probably the absense of this macro (maybe a wrapper for some sort of memory debugging system?) that is causing the crazy error.
If I replace the New line with this:
pointer = new Type*[u];
the code compiles fine.

How can I instantiate class with Member function pointer as template arg

I have
template <void (*T)(Entity *), typename Caller>
class Updater
{
public:
Updater(Caller c):m_caller(c){}
void process(Entity * e)
{
(m_caller->*T)(e); //Is this right?
}
private:
Caller m_caller;
};
I understand I can instantiate it like
Foo f;
Updater<&Foo::Bar> updater(&f);
assuming that Foo has
void Foo::Bar(Entity *e);
but what if it has desired method tempated? Like this
template <typename T>
void Bar(T t);
how shoult I instanciate it? Like this:?
Foo f;
Updater<&Foo::Bar<Entity *>> updater(&f);
When I do this in my real code, I get
invalid template argument for ..., expected compile-time constant expression
So 2 questions:
1, is (m_caller->*T)(e); correct? If it is not, how shout i call it?
2, how can I instantiate it?
template <typename Caller, void (Caller::*Func)(Entity *)>
class Updater
{
public:
Updater(Caller *c):m_caller(c){}
void process(Entity * e)
{
(m_caller->*Func)(e); // use pointer to member operator ->*
}
private:
Caller *m_caller;
};
// call like this
Foo f;
Updater<Foo, &Foo::Bar> updater(&f);
edit:
user2k5 edited his answer, so I accepted it.
my previous msg:
Thanks to user2k5 I figured out the right working code,
working sample follows: (Foo2 can be replaced by Foo)
#include <iostream>
struct Entity { int i; };
template < typename Caller, void (Caller::*Func)(Entity *)>
class Updater
{
public:
Updater(Caller *c):m_caller(c){}
void process(Entity * e)
{
(m_caller->*Func)(e);
}
private:
Caller *m_caller;
};
struct Foo
{
void bar(Entity * e)
{
std::cout << e->i << std::endl;
}
};
struct Foo2
{
template <typename T>
void bar(T t)
{
std::cout << t->i << std::endl;
}
};
int main ()
{
Foo2 f;
Updater<Foo2, &Foo2::template bar<Entity *>> updater(&f);
Entity e;
e.i = 5;
updater.process(&e);
return 0;
}