What would be a quick way to keep only certain keys from a hash-map?
(def m {:a 1 :b 2 :c 3 :d 4})
explicit version:
((fn [{:keys [b c]}] {:b b :c c})
m)
;= {:b 2, :c 3}
select-keys:
(select-keys m [:b :c])
Related
I'd like to merge two lists by some map key as follow:
(def list1 '({:a 2 :b 2} {:a 1 :b 1}))
(def list2 '({:a 1 :c 1} {:a 2 :c 2}))
As result I'd like something like, using sort by :a for example:
'({:a 1 :b 1 :c 1} {:a 2 :b 2 :c 2})
Any ideas?
You can use join and sort-by:
(:require '[clojure.set :as s])
(sort-by :a (s/join list1 list2 {:a :a}))
Does this do it?
(def list1 '({:a 1 :b 1} {:a 2 :b 2}))
(def list2 '({:a 1 :c 1} {:a 2 :c 2}))
(println
(map merge list1 list2)
)
;=> ({:a 1, :b 1, :c 1} {:a 2, :b 2, :c 2})
UPDATE
(def list1 [ {:a 1 :b 1} {:a 2 :b 2} ] )
(def list2 [ {:a 2 :c 2} {:a 1 :c 1} ] )
(defn sort-merge [lista listb]
(map merge (sort-by :a lista) (sort-by :a listb)))
(println
(sort-merge list1 list2))
;=> ({:a 1, :b 1, :c 1} {:a 2, :b 2, :c 2})
another way is to use list comprehension:
user> (for [x list1
y list2
:when (= (:a x) (:a y))]
(merge x y))
({:a 2, :b 2, :c 2} {:a 1, :b 1, :c 1})
I'm looking for something similar to select-keys:
(desired-fn {:a 1, :b 2, :c 3, :d 4} [:a :d])
;= [1 4]
;; N.B. the order of the keys in the argument seq is preserved
(= (desired-fn (array-map :a 1, :b 2, :c 3, :d 4)
[:b :c])
(desired-fn (array-map :d 4, :c 3, :a 1, :b 2)
[:b :c]))
;= true
It's not particularly hard to implement, though I haven't tried to come up with a good name yet:
(defn select-values-corresponding-to-keys [m ks]
(for [k ks]
(get m k)))
Am I ignorant of a standard function that meets precisely this need? If not, do other languages —e.g., Python, Ruby, Haskell— have a name for this function?
Maps are functions which operate on their keys:
({:a 1, :b 2} :a)
;=> 1
(map {:a 1, :b 2, :c 3, :d 4} [:a :d])
;=> (1 4)
(= (map (array-map :a 1, :b 2, :c 3, :d 4)
[:b :c])
(map (array-map :d 4, :c 3, :a 1, :b 2)
[:b :c]))
;=> true
If you want the result as a vector, just use vec or into [] ..., or replace map with mapv.
Keywords are themselves functions (they implement IFn) and they can look themselves into a map and return the value so one option would be to use juxt:
(def keys-to-vals (juxt :b :c))
(= (keys-to-vals {:a 1, :b 2, :c 3, :d 4})
(keys-to-vals {:d 4, :c 3, :a 1, :b 2}))
So basically your desired fn now becomes:
(defn select-vals [map keys] ((apply juxt keys) map))
map is the function you are looking for:
(map {:a 1 :b 2 :c 3} [:a :c])
=> (1 3)
This works because the hashmap itself works as a function (i.e. implements clojure.lang.IFn) that returns the value for any key that it is given.
user=> ((juxt :a :c) {:a 1 :b 2 :c 3})
[1 3]
Jay Fields explores this function and a couple other related ones in an insightful blog post # http://blog.jayfields.com/2011/01/clojure-select-keys-select-values-and.html.
(I found that by accident just a few minutes ago when I searched for "select-keys".)
I'd still like to know if there's a "canonical" implementation somewhere, so I'm leaving the question as open.
I am struggling with the following problem...
Given a collection of maps
[
{:a 1 :b 1 :c 1 :d 1}
{:a 1 :b 2 :c 1 :d 2}
{:a 1 :b 2 :c 2 :d 3}
{:a 2 :b 1 :c 1 :d 5}
{:a 2 :b 1 :c 1 :d 6}
{:a 2 :b 1 :c 1 :d 7}
{:a 2 :b 2 :c 1 :d 7}
{:a 2 :b 3 :c 1 :d 7}
]
want to reduce/transform to...
{
1 {:b [1 2] :c [1 2] :d [1 2 3]}
2 {:b [1 2 3] :c 1 :d [5 6 7]}
}
group-by :a (primary key) and accumulate the distinct values for other keys.
I can do this in a brute force/imperative way, but struggling to figure out how to solve this in clojure way.
Thanks
Here is an admittedly inelegant, first-draft solution:
(defn reducing-fn [list-of-maps grouping-key]
(reduce (fn [m [k lst]]
(assoc m k (dissoc (reduce (fn [m1 m2]
(apply hash-map
(apply concat
(for [[k v] m2]
[k (conj (get m1 k #{}) v)]))))
{}
lst)
grouping-key)))
{}
(group-by #(grouping-key %) list-of-maps)))
user> (reducing-fn [{:a 1 :b 1 :c 1 :d 1}
{:a 1 :b 2 :c 1 :d 2}
{:a 1 :b 2 :c 2 :d 3}
{:a 2 :b 1 :c 1 :d 5}
{:a 2 :b 1 :c 1 :d 6}
{:a 2 :b 1 :c 1 :d 7}
{:a 2 :b 2 :c 1 :d 7}
{:a 2 :b 3 :c 1 :d 7}]
:a)
=> {2 {:c #{1}, :b #{1 2 3}, :d #{5 6 7}}, 1 {:c #{1 2}, :b #{1 2}, :d #{1 2 3}}}
Will try and figure out a more polished approach tomorrow, heading off to bed right now :)
(use 'clojure.set)
(def data
[
{:a 1 :b 1 :c 1 :d 1}
{:a 1 :b 2 :c 1 :d 2}
{:a 1 :b 2 :c 2 :d 3}
{:a 2 :b 1 :c 1 :d 5}
{:a 2 :b 1 :c 1 :d 6}
{:a 2 :b 1 :c 1 :d 7}
{:a 2 :b 2 :c 1 :d 7}
{:a 2 :b 3 :c 1 :d 7}
]
)
(defn key-join
"join of map by key , value is distinct."
[map-list]
(let [keys (keys (first map-list))]
(into {} (for [k keys] [k (vec (set (map #(% k) map-list)))]))))
(defn group-reduce [key map-list]
(let [sdata (set map-list)
group-value (project sdata [key])]
(into {}
(for [m group-value] [(key m) (key-join (map #(dissoc % key) (select #(= (key %) (key m)) sdata)))]))))
;;other version fast than group-reduce
(defn gr [key map-list]
(let [gdata (group-by key map-list)]
(into {} (for [[k m] gdata][k (dissoc (key-join m) key)]))))
user=> (group-reduce :a data)
{1 {:c [1 2], :b [1 2], :d [1 2 3]}, 2 {:c [1], :b [1 2 3], :d [5 6 7]}}
user=> (gr :a data)
{1 {:c [1 2], :b [1 2], :d [1 2 3]}, 2 {:c [1], :b [1 2 3], :d [5 6 7]}}
Another solution:
(defn pivot [new-key m]
(apply merge
(for [[a v] (group-by new-key m)]
{a (let [ks (set (flatten (map keys (map #(dissoc % new-key) v))))]
(zipmap ks (for [k ks] (set (map k v)))))})))
ETA: new-key would be the :a key here and m is your input map.
The first "for" destructures the group-by. That's where you're partitioning the data by the input "new-key." "for" generates a list - it's like Python's list comprehension. Here we're generating a list of maps, each with one key, whose value is a map. First we need to extract the relevant keys. These keys are held in the "ks" binding. We want to accumulate distinct values. While we could do this using reduce, since keywords are also functions, we can use them to extract across the collection and then use "set" to reduce down to distinct values. "zipmap" ties together our keys and their associated values. Then outside the main "for," we need to convert this list of maps into a single map whose keys are the distinct values of "a".
Another solution:
(defn transform
[key coll]
(letfn [(merge-maps
[coll]
(apply merge-with (fnil conj #{}) {} coll))
(process-key
[[k v]]
[k (dissoc (merge-maps v) key)])]
(->> coll
(group-by #(get % key))
(map process-key)
(into (empty coll)))))
Code untested, though.
EDIT: Of course it doesn't work, because of merge-with trying to be too clever.
(defn transform
[key coll]
(letfn [(local-merge-with
[f m & ms]
(reduce (fn [m [k v]] (update-in m [k] f v))
m
(for [m ms e m] e)))
(merge-maps
[coll]
(apply local-merge-with (fnil conj #{}) {} coll))
(process-key
[[k v]]
[k (dissoc (merge-maps v) key)])]
(->> coll
(group-by #(get % key))
(map process-key)
(into (empty coll)))))
If you have a map or a collection of maps and you'd like to be able to update the values of several keys with one function, what the the most idiomatic way of doing this?
=> (def m [{:a 2 :b 3} {:a 2 :b 5}])
#'user/m
=> (map #(update-in % [:a] inc) m)
({:a 3, :b 3} {:a 3, :b 5})
Rather than mapping update-in for each key, I'd ideally like some function that operates like this:
=> (map #(update-vals % [:a :b] inc) m)
({:a 3, :b 4} {:a 3, :b 6})
Any advice would be much appreciated! I'm trying to reduce the number of lines in an unnecessarily long script.
Whenever you need to iteratively apply a fn to some data, reduce is your friend:
(defn update-vals [map vals f]
(reduce #(update-in % [%2] f) map vals))
Here it is in action:
user> (def m1 {:a 2 :b 3})
#'user/m1
user> (update-vals m1 [:a :b] inc)
{:a 3, :b 4}
user> (def m [{:a 2 :b 3} {:a 2 :b 5}])
#'user/m
user> (map #(update-vals % [:a :b] inc) m)
({:a 3, :b 4} {:a 3, :b 6})
If I have a set of maps like this
(def a #{
{:a 1 :b 2}
{:a 3 :b 4}
{:b 1 :c 2}
{:d 1 :e 2}
{:d 1 :y 2}
})
: how can I find out all the keys? so doing :
(find-all-keys a)
:returns:
(:a :b :c :d :e :y)
?
Another way:
(distinct (mapcat keys a))
Almost the same way:
(set (mapcat keys a))
Something like:
user=> (into #{} (flatten (map keys a)))
#{:y :a :c :b :d :e}
Another way:
(reduce #(into %1 (keys %2)) #{} a)