#include<iostream>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include <ctime>
#include <fstream>
#include <windows.h>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
/* data variable is used to store data as name
suggests,the "next" is a pointer of the type node
that is used to point to the next node of the
Linked List*/
/*
* Node Declaration
*/
struct node
{
string info;
struct node *next;
}*start;
/*
* Class Declaration
*/
class single_llist
{
public:
node* create_node(string);
void insert_begin();
void insert_pos();
void insert_last();
void delete_pos();
void sort();
void search();
void update();
void reverse();
void display();
single_llist()
{
start = NULL;
}
};
/*
* Inserting element in beginning
*/
void single_llist::insert_begin()
{
string value;
cout<<"Enter the value to be inserted: ";
cin>>value;
struct node *temp, *p;
temp = create_node(value);
if (start == NULL)
{
start = temp;
start->next = NULL;
}
else
{
p = start;
start = temp;
start->next = p;
}
cout<<"Element Inserted at beginning"<<endl;
}
I'm developing my program with Dev C ++ program.I trying to entering specific words to txt file and save them.Therefore I'm dealing with string.The program gives this error: undefined reference to single_llist::create_node(std::string) and showing me that there is mistake here, temp = create_node(value);I still researching what I need to do for solving this problem?
Thanks for #NathanOliver I think I tried to wrong way without creating node first.For creating node check following code fragment.
/*
* Creating Node
*/
node *single_llist::create_node(string value)
{
struct node *temp, *s;
temp = new(struct node);
if (temp == NULL)
{
cout<<"Memory not allocated "<<endl;
return 0;
}
else
{
temp->info = value;
temp->next = NULL;
return temp;
}
}
Related
Try to make tree , have a some troubles, first it's print function - it's print not integers that i put, but print random numbers;
Another trouble its append child - its works only one times;
Will be happy if you will help me with this task.
And also give some good articles about linked lists, trees on c and c++;
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
using namespace std;
struct Node
{
void* m_pPayload;
Node* m_pParent;
Node* m_Children;
};
struct Person
{
int m_Id;
};
//typedef bool (*NodeComparator)(void* pValue, void* pPayload);
/*bool Comp(void* pValue, void* pPayload)
{
Person* pVal = (Person*)pValue;
Person* pPay = (Person*)pPayload;
if (pVal->m_Id == pPay->m_Id)
return true;
else
return false;
}
*/
Node* NewNode(void* pPayload)
{
Node* pNode = new Node;
pNode->m_pParent = nullptr;
pNode->m_Children = 0;
pNode->m_pPayload = pPayload;
return pNode;
}
Person* NewPerson(int id)
{
Person* p = new Person;
p->m_Id = id;
return p;
}
//Node* FindNode(Node* pParent, Node* m_pPayload, NodeComparator comparator);
void AppendChild(Node* pParent, Node* pNode)
{
if (pParent->m_Children == NULL)
pParent->m_Children = pNode;
}
void print(Node* head)
{
Node* current_node = head;
while (current_node != NULL)
{
printf("%d\n ", current_node->m_pPayload);
current_node = current_node->m_Children;
}
}
int main()
{
Node* T = new Node;
T = NewNode(NewPerson(5));
AppendChild(T, NewNode(NewPerson(11)));
AppendChild(T, NewNode(NewPerson(15)));
print(T);
}
printf("%d\n ", current_node->m_pPayload)
is incorrect. %d wants an integer and it's being given a pointer. The results will be unusual, and likely appear to be random garbage.
printf("%d\n ", ((Person*)current_node->m_pPayload)->m_Id);
^ ^
| Get id from Person
treat payload pointer as pointer to Person
will solve the immediate problem.
Your code actually seems to be pretty messed up with a lot of things going on, here sharing my own commented code from few years back, hope it helps
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
// Single node representation
struct node {
int data;
node *left, *right;
};
// Declaring temp for refference and root to hold root node
node *root, *temp;
// This function only generates a node and return it to the calling function with data stored in it
node* generateNode(int data){
temp = new node();
temp->data = data;
temp->left = temp->right = NULL;
return temp;
}
// This function actually adds node to the tree
node* addNode(int data, node *ptr = root){
// If the node passed as ptr is NULL
if(ptr == NULL){
ptr = generateNode(data);
return ptr;
}
// Condition to check in which side the data will fit in the tree
else if(ptr->data < data)
//if its in right, calling this function recursively, with the right part of the tree as the root tree
ptr->right = addNode(data, ptr->right);
else
//In case the data fits in left
ptr->left = addNode(data, ptr->left);
//Note: if there is no data in left or roght depending on the data's valid position, this function will get called with NULL as second argument and then the first condition will get triggered
//returning the tree after appending the child
return ptr;
}
//Driver function
int main ()
{
int c, data;
for (;;){
cin >> c;
switch(c){
case 1:
cout << "enter data: ";
cin >> data;
//Updating root as the tree returned by the addNode function after adding a node
root = addNode(data);
break;
default:
exit(0);
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
Please find below a piece of code that should easily get you started. It compiles and it traverse the tree using recursion.
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <stdio.h>
using namespace std;
struct Node
{
int m_Id;
vector<Node*> m_Children;
Node(const int& id){
m_Id = id;
}
void AppendChild(Node* pNode) {
m_Children.push_back(pNode);
}
void Print() {
printf("%d\n ", m_Id);
}
};
void traverse(Node* head)
{
Node* current_node = head;
current_node->Print();
for(int i = 0; i<current_node->m_Children.size(); i++) {
traverse(current_node->m_Children[i]);
}
}
int main()
{
Node* T0 = new Node(0);
Node* T10 = new Node(10);
T10->AppendChild(new Node(20));
Node* T11 = new Node(11);
Node* T12 = new Node(12);
Node* T22 = new Node(22);
T22->AppendChild(new Node(33));
T12->AppendChild(T22);
T0->AppendChild(T10);
T0->AppendChild(T11);
T0->AppendChild(T12);
traverse(T0);
}
First for printing the node value
Talking about the current mistake that you had committed is in the above code is:
You have not mentioned its pointer to its child (specifically right or left). Due to which it is showing garbage value every time.
For e.g.: print( node->left);
Since you need to type caste it properly to show the data of data.
For e.g.: printf("%d\n ", ((Person*)current_node->m_pPayload)->m_Id);
There is a specific direction in which you want to print data. For trees, there are three directions in which you can print the data of the node and they are as follow:
Left order or Inorder traversal
Preorder traversal
Postorder traversal
This can give you better information about traversal.
Secondly for adding the node to a tree
This might help explain it better.
I'm writing a binary tree in object-oriented format. I've had experience with binary trees before, but it's been a while since I've touched on this. My problem is that I'm unable to assign a node to my root. Every time I check in debugging mode, the root remains NULL. While this is happening, the cur node contains all the information it's assigned.
I've tried making my root private and changing this->root = NULL; to root-> = NULL;. I've also tried making all of my functions public, but it didn't make a difference. I tried declaring root's children to NULL values and name to an empty string as well.
main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include "Friends.h"
using namespace std;
int main() {
string line;
ifstream file;
file.open("friends.txt");
Friends f;
while (getline(file, line)) {
f.insert(f.root, line);
}
f.print(f.root);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
Friends.cpp
#include "Friends.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
Friends::Friends() {
this->root = NULL;
}
Friends::node* Friends::createNode(string& val) {
node* newNode = new node();
newNode->left = NULL;
newNode->right = NULL;
newNode->name = val;
return newNode;
}
Friends::node* Friends::insert(node* cur, string& val) {
if (!cur) {
cur = createNode(val);
}
else if (val < cur->name) {
insert(cur->left, val);
return cur;
}
else if (val > cur->name) {
insert(cur->right, val);
return cur;
}
return NULL;
}
void Friends::print(node* cur) {
if (!cur) {
return;
}
print(cur->left);
cout << cur->name << endl;
print(cur->right);
}
Friends.h
#ifndef FRIENDS_H
#define FRIENDS_H
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Friends {
private:
struct node {
string name;
node* left;
node* right;
};
public:
node* root;
node* insert(node* cur, string&);
void print(node* cur);
Friends();
node* createNode(string&);
};
#endif
The root node should have a node, but has keeps showing up as a NULL value. It doesn't run with any errors either. It just remains as NULL.
change from:
node* insert(node* cur, string&);
to :
node* insert(node* &cur, string&);
should fix
Of course the implementation header should also be changed
In the below code, the number stored inside the last element is only being displayed, not the rest of elements.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct node
{
int data;
node* next;
};
struct node * Start = NULL;
struct node * End = NULL;
void CreateList(int num)
{
struct node *temp = new struct node;
int data,i=0;
while(true)
{
cout<<"Enter data \n";
cin>>data;
temp->data = data;
temp->next = Start;
if(Start==NULL)
{
Start = End = temp;
}
else{
End->next = temp;
End = temp;
}
if(i==num-1)
break;
i++;
}
}
void Display()
{
struct node* temp1;
temp1 = Start;
do{
cout<<temp1->data<<endl;
temp1=temp1->next;
} while(temp1!=Start);
}
int main()
{
int num;
cout<<"How many elements you want to input?\n";
cin>>num;
CreateList(num);
Display();
return 0;
}
I have done it using structure not classes. I have used two non-dynamic pointers 'Start' and 'End'. The main problem is coming in Display() function. The Display() is printing the value of the last element.
Output:
(Click image to enlarge)
You are not creating the required number of nodes in CreateList. You are creating a node using
struct node *temp = new struct node;
and are reusing the same node in the loop.
Here's an updated version of the function.
void CreateList(int num)
{
int data,i=0;
while(true)
{
cout<<"Enter data \n";
cin>>data;
// Create a new node for every data
struct node *temp = new struct node;
temp->data = data;
temp->next = Start;
if(Start==NULL)
{
Start = End = temp;
}
else{
End->next = temp;
End = temp;
}
if(i==num-1)
break;
i++;
}
}
Suggestion for futher cleanup. In C++, you don't need to use struct node. Just node is sufficient.
node* Start = NULL;
node* End = NULL;
and
// Create a new node for every data
node *temp = new node;
Closed. This question needs debugging details. It is not currently accepting answers.
Edit the question to include desired behavior, a specific problem or error, and the shortest code necessary to reproduce the problem. This will help others answer the question.
Closed 6 years ago.
Improve this question
I'm writing a function to find all occurrences of a node in a linked list, the function will return the number of occurrences to the main function which will then display those occurrences. The program does compile but the it just freezes and nothing seems to happen when I enter the correct name to look for, if I enter the wrong name, which is not in the list, the findall function returns 0 and the rest of the program works fine. Please take a look.
main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
#include "List.h"
void extra(list &);
/***********************************
* Main
* Test function - DO NOT CHANGE
***********************************/
void main()
{
list a;
extra(a);
}
/***********************************
* Extra Credit
* Test function - DO NOT CHANGE
***********************************/
void extra(list &a)
{ int i,n;
node_ptr map[4];
string first,last;
// Find node
cout << endl;
cout << "Enter First and Last name: ";
cin >> first >> last;
n = a.findall(first,last,map,4);
// Display forwards
cout << endl;
cout << "Find List\n--------------\n";
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
map[i]->put(cout);
}
}
List.h
#include "Node.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class list
{ public:
list(); // Empty constructor
~list(); // Destructor
int findall(string, string, node_ptr*, int);
node *find(string, string); // Locate a note
private:
node *head;
};
Node.h
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class list;
class node
{ friend list;
public:
node(); // Null constructor
~node(); // Destructor
void put(ostream &out); // Put
private:
string first,last;
int age;
node *next;
};
typedef node * node_ptr;
List.cpp
#include "List.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
/**
* Empty Constructor
*
*/
list::list()
{
head = nullptr;
}
/**
* Destructor Constructor
*
*/
list::~list()
{ if (head == nullptr) return;
node *p = head, *t;
while (p)
{
t = p;
p = p->next;
delete t;
}
head = nullptr;
}
/**
* Locate node
*
*/
node *list::find(string last, string first)
{
node *temp = head;
while (temp)
{
if (temp->first == first && temp->last == last) return temp;
temp = temp->next;
}
return nullptr;
}
/**
* Find all.
*
*/
int list::findall(string first, string last, node_ptr* map, int n)
{
int ans;
ans = 0;
*map = find(first, last);
while (*map != NULL)
{
ans++;
*map = (*map)->next;
*map = find(first, last);
}
return ans;
}
Node.cpp
#include "Node.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
/**
* Empty Constructor
*
*/
node::node()
{
last = "";
first = "";
age = 0;
next = nullptr;
}
/**
* Destructor
*
*/
node::~node()
{ if (next != nullptr) next = nullptr;
}
/**
* Put
*
*/
void node::put(ostream &out)
{ out << setw(14) << left << last << setw(14) << first << setw(10) << age << endl;
}
I really appreciate your help. Thank you.
findall() freezes because it gets stuck in an endless loop.
If no matching node is found, the first call to find() returns nullptr and findall() exits.
But if a matching node is found, a loop is entered, calling find() to search the entire list all over again from the beginning. That will find the same node as before. Then you call find() again, and again, and so on.
To solve this issue, if find() returns a matching node, you need to pass the next node in the following call to find() so it can start searching where the previous search left off. Repeat until you reach the end of the list.
class list
{ public:
...
int findall(string first, string last, node_ptr *map, int n);
node_ptr find(string first, string last, node_ptr start = nullptr); // Locate a note
...
};
node_ptr list::find(string last, string first, node_ptr start)
{
node_ptr temp = (start) ? start : head;
while (temp)
{
if ((temp->first == first) && (temp->last == last)) break;
temp = temp->next;
}
return temp;
}
int list::findall(string first, string last, node_ptr* map, int n)
{
int ans = 0;
node_ptr temp = nullptr;
while (ans < n)
{
temp = find(first, last, temp);
if (!temp) break;
*map++ = temp;
++ans;
temp = temp->next;
}
return ans;
}
Update: if you are not able to change the signature of find() then you will have to re-write findall() to duplicate what find() does:
class list
{ public:
...
int findall(string first, string last, node_ptr *map, int n);
node_ptr find(string first, string last); // Locate a node
...
};
node_ptr list::find(string last, string first)
{
node_ptr temp = head;
while (temp)
{
if ((temp->first == first) && (temp->last == last)) break;
temp = temp->next;
}
return temp;
}
int list::findall(string first, string last, node_ptr* map, int n)
{
int ans = 0;
node_ptr temp = head;
while (ans < n)
{
while (temp)
{
if ((temp->first == first) && (temp->last == last)) break;
temp = temp->next;
}
if (!temp) break;
*map++ = temp;
++ans;
temp = temp->next;
}
return ans;
}
So for my assignment, I am supposed to implement a Node class that just contains data and pointers to its two siblings and a BinaryTree that reads in these Nodes and creates a binary tree out of them. My problem is pointing to the root of the Tree does not seem to work. Any help you can provide would be appreciated!
Note: The error is found a few lines into the addNode method in the BinaryTree.cpp file which can be found at the end of the question. Also, I am not able to access the value of size either, so I believe this is some sort of weird scope issues I cannot resolve. I also cannot use the "this" keyword in the addNode function.
I am also not allowed to use structs, per my homeworks' instruction.
Node.H
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
class Node
{
public:
int data;
Node* leftChild;
Node* rightChild;
Node(int data, Node* leftChild, Node* rightChild);
};
Node.cpp
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include "Node.h"
using namespace std;
Node::Node(int data, Node* leftChild, Node* rightChild)
{
this->data = data;
this->leftChild = leftChild;
this->rightChild = rightChild;
}
BinaryTree.H
#include <iomanip>
#include "Node.h"
using namespace std;
class Tree
{
public:
Tree(int data);
void addNode(int data);
void inOrder(Node* N);
protected:
Node* root;
int size;
int data;
private:
int printNode(Node* N);
};
BinaryTree.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include "BinaryTree.h"
using namespace std;
//Tree constructor. Sets the values of data, size, and root.
Tree::Tree(int data)
{
this->data = data;
this->size = 0;
this->root = new Node(data, NULL, NULL);
}
//Adds a node to the current Tree.
void addNode(int data)
{
Node* tempNode = new Node(data, NULL, NULL);
Node* current = root; //THIS IS THE ERROR LINE.
while(current!=NULL)
{
//If the data we are trying to add is already in the Tree
if(current->data == tempNode->data)
{
cout << "Data already in the Tree.";
}
//If the data for the new node is larger than the old
else if(current->data < tempNode->data)
{
//See if the right child is null. If so, add the tree node there.
if(current->rightChild == NULL)
{
current->rightChild = tempNode;
return;
}
//Otherwise, traverse down the right tree.
else
{
current = current->rightChild;
}
}
//The data is smaller than the current node
else
{
//See if the left child is null. If so, add the tree node there.
if(current->leftChild == NULL)
{
current->leftChild = tempNode;
return;
}
//Otherwise, traverse down the left tree
else
{
current = current->leftChild;
}
}//End of leftChild Else
}//End of while
}//End of addNode
void addNode(int data)
should be:
void Tree::addNode(int data)
as it is a member function of class Tree
//Adds a node to the current Tree.
void addNode(int data)
Should be:
//Adds a node to the this Tree
void Tree::addNode(int data)