the following code is for removing a node of a binary tree. I have stepped through the code and I'm pretty sure the problem lies in the last "else if" in destroy(). I'm trying to replace a given node with a smallest node then delete that given node. remove() and findsmallest work like they should I think. when I reprint the tree its like no changes have been made.I'm obviously a beginner, so any hints/help will be much appreciated!
void remove(Key k)
{
remove(k, root);
}
void remove(Key k, BinarySearchTreeNode<Key, Value> * n)
{
if (n)
{
if (root->key == k)
removeRoot();
else
{
//1 child
if ( (n->left != nullptr) && (k < n->key) )
{
if (k == n->left->key)
destroy(n->left, true);
else
remove(k, n->left);
}
else if (n->right && k > n->key )
{
if (k == n->right->key)
destroy(n->right, false);
else
remove(k, n->right);
}
else
{
cout << "no remove\n";
}
}
}
else
cout << "trww is empty";
}
void destroy(BinarySearchTreeNode<Key, Value> * n, bool isLeft)
{
if (n == nullptr)
{
return;
}
else if (!n->left && !n->right)
{
n->left = nullptr;
n->right = nullptr;
n->parent = nullptr;
delete n;
n = nullptr;
}
else if (!n->left && n->right)
{
isLeft ? n->parent->left = n->right : n->parent->right = n->right;
cout << "killing " << n->key << endl;
n->parent = nullptr;
n->left = nullptr;
n->right = nullptr;
delete n;
n = nullptr;
}
else if (n->left && !n->right)
{
isLeft ? n->parent->left = n->left : n->parent->right = n->left;
cout << "killing " << n->key << endl;
n->parent = nullptr;
n->left = nullptr;
n->right = nullptr;
delete n;
n = nullptr;
}
/* The program goes to the code below*/
else if (n->left && n->right)
{
BinarySearchTreeNode<Key, Value> * small = findSmallest(n->right);
if (isLeft)
n->parent->left = small;
else
n->parent->right = small;
small->parent = n->parent;
small->left = n->left;
small->right = n->right;
n->parent = nullptr;
n->left = nullptr;
n->right = nullptr;
//Key smallKey = small->key;
//Value smallValue = small->value;
cout << "killing " << n->key << endl;
delete n;
n = nullptr;
}
else
cout << "fail";
}
BinarySearchTreeNode<Key, Value> * findSmallest(BinarySearchTreeNode<Key, Value> * n)
{
if (!n)
return part;
else
{
if (n->left)
return findSmallest(n->left);
else
return n;
}
}
You give the node to destroy() as a pointer. This means you can do all the things you did, except change the variable in to calling method.
When you say n= nullptr; in destroy() it only changes the local variable. It doesn't change the calling variable, for example n->right to nullptr so it will still point to the place where the deleted object was.
If you set the parameter to be a reference to a pointer (*&) you can change the calling variable and actually remove the pointer to the node.
The reason why it looks like the original tree is because the memory allocated to the deleted node happened not to be reused yet. Later it would be and your tree would cause access to a wrong pointer and maybe crash. The behaviour is undefined.
Related
While working on a problem, I have tried the following solution. Somehow my output is stuck into infinite loop and not printing result or updated heap tree.
Given a tree where the left and right subtrees are min heaps, but the root node does not maintain the min heap property. Your code should modify the tree rooted at Node* n so it is a min heap. (This means you need to satisfy the min heap property:
it is okay for a node's value to be equal to one or both of its children, but the node's value must not be greater than either of its children. You do not have to try to balance the tree or make it a complete tree.)
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
You have the following class Node already defined.
You cannot change this class definition, so it is
shown here in a comment for your reference only:
class Node {
public:
int value;
Node *left, *right;
Node(int val = 0) { value = val; left = right = nullptr; }
~Node() {
delete left;
left = nullptr;
delete right;
right = nullptr;
}
};
This function has also previously been defined for you:
void printTreeVertical(const Node* n);
You can use it to print a verbose, vertical diagram of
a tree rooted at n. In this vertical format, a left child
is shown above a right child in the same column. If no
child exists, [null] is displayed.
*/
void downHeap(Node *n) {
Node *curr = new Node();
Node *mino = new Node();
if (n == nullptr ){
return;
} else if (n->left->value > n->value & n->right->value > n->value){
return;
// } else if (n->left== nullptr & n->right== nullptr) {
// return;
// }
} else {
// node* curr = new Node(n)
// n = new Node((std::min(n->left->value, n->right->value));
// if (n->left->value)
while(n->left!= nullptr & n->right!= nullptr){
if (n->left == nullptr){
mino = n->right;
} else if (n->right == nullptr) {
mino = n->left;
} else {
mino = (std::min(n->left, n->right));
}
std::cout << n->value << std::endl;
std::cout << mino->value << std::endl;
if(n->value > mino-> value){
curr->value = n->value;
n->value = mino->value;
mino->value = curr->value;
std::cout << n->value << std::endl;
std::cout << mino->value << std::endl;
downHeap(mino);
}
}
return;
}
}
// Implement downHeap() here.
// You can also use this compact printing function for debugging.
void printTree(Node *n) {
if (!n) return;
std::cout << n->value << "(";
printTree(n->left);
std::cout << ")(";
printTree(n->right);
std::cout << ")";
}
int main() {
Node *n = new Node(100);
n->left = new Node(1);
n->left->left = new Node(3);
n->right = new Node(2);
n->right->left = new Node(3);
n->right->right = new Node(4);
n->right->right->right = new Node(5);
std::cout << std::endl << "BEFORE - Vertical printout:" << std::endl;
printTreeVertical(n);
downHeap(n);
std::cout << "Compact printout:" << std::endl;
printTree(n);
std::cout << std::endl << " AFTER Vertical printout:" << std::endl;
printTreeVertical(n);
delete n;
n = nullptr;
return 0;
}
Please suggest what I am missing. I feel I am making it too complicated. Also, I do not have any other function like swap for converting the binary tree into heap min. I am not using an array or vector as well. So, if you can provide me simple solution I will appreciate it.
Your primary problem is this line of code:
mino = (std::min(n->left, n->right));
Here, you're comparing two pointers when you really want to compare the values in the two objects you're referring to, and return a pointer to the object that has the smaller value. That is:
mino = (n->left->value < n->right->value) ? n->left : n->right;
Also in this line of code:
} else if (n->left->value > n->value & n->right->value > n->value){
You probably want && (logical AND) rather than & (bitwise AND). See https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-are-the-differences-between-bitwise-and-logical-and-operators-in-cc/.
Finally, your code formatting is a little off so it's difficult to tell, but it looks like the return statement is outside the while loop in your downHeap function. If it is outside the loop body, then that could lead to an infinite loop.
This is the easiest solution I came up with.
Try this code for complete solution.
void downHeap(Node *n) {
// check if it is a leaf node
if (n->left == NULL && n->right == NULL) {
return;
}
if ((n->left != NULL) && (n->right != NULL)) {
if ((n->value <= n->left->value) && (n->value <= n->right->value)) {
return;
}
}
// Node passed in is not a leaf
// If left is null, we can focus on the right first
// If the right node has a greater value
if (n->right != NULL) {
if ((n->left == NULL) && (n->right->value < n->value)) {
int rightnodevalue = n->right->value;
int nodevalue = n->value;
n->value = rightnodevalue;
n->right->value = nodevalue;
if (n->right != NULL) {
downHeap(n->right);
return;
}
}
}
// Node passed in is not a leaf
// Left is not null
// First check if right is null
// If right is null, we can focus on the left first
// If the left node has a greater value
if (n->left != NULL) {
if ((n->right == NULL) && (n->left->value < n->value)) {
int leftnodevalue = n->left->value;
int nodevalue = n->value;
n->value = leftnodevalue;
n->left->value = nodevalue;
if (n->left != NULL) {
downHeap(n->left);
return;
}
}
}
// Node passed in is not a leaf
// Left is not null
// Right is not null
// If left is less than right
if ((n->left != NULL) && (n->right != NULL)) {
if (n->left->value < n->right->value) {
int leftnodevalue = n->left->value;
int nodevalue = n->value;
n->value = leftnodevalue;
n->left->value = nodevalue;
if (n->left != NULL) {
downHeap(n->left);
return;
}
}
else {
// Proceed to swap the parent and the right node
// Reference pointers for child's pointers
int rightnodevalue = n->right->value;
int nodevalue = n->value;
n->value = rightnodevalue;
n->right->value = nodevalue;
if (n->right != NULL) {
downHeap(n->right);
return;
}
}
}
return;
}
If you define a helper function to swap node values, you can make your code a lot cleaner and implement recursion quite easily. For example:
// DEFINE HELPER FUNCTION
void compareSwap(Node *a, Node *b) {
int temp;
if (a->value > b->value) {
temp = b->value;
b->value = a->value;
a->value = temp;
}
return;
}
void downHeap(Node *n) {
Node *compNode;
// 1. n is a leaf
if (!n->left && !n->right) {
return;
}
// 2. n has one left child
else if (n->left && !n->right) {
if (n->value > n->left->value) {
compareSwap(n, n->left);
downHeap(n->left);
}
return;
}
// 3. n has one right child
else if (!n->left && n->right) {
if (n->value > n->right->value) {
compareSwap(n, n->right);
downHeap(n->right);
}
return;
}
// 4. n has two children ... (n->left && n->right)
else {
// HEAP IS SATISFIED, RETURN NOTHING
if ((n->value <= n->left->value) && (n->value <= n->right->value)) {
return;
}
// RIGHT IS LESS THAN n BUT LEFT IS NOT, SWAP RIGHT
else if (((n->value <= n->left->value) && (n->value > n->right->value))) {
compareSwap(n, n->right);
downHeap(n->right);
return;
}
// LEFT IS LESS THAN n BUT RIGHT IS NOT, SWAP LEFT
else if (((n->value > n->left->value) && (n->value <= n->right->value))) {
compareSwap(n, n->left);
downHeap(n->left);
return;
}
// BOTH ARE LESS THAN, SWAP MIN
else {
compNode = (n->left->value < n->right->value) ? n->left : n->right;
compareSwap(n, compNode);
downHeap(compNode);
return;
}
}
}
Consider the following AVL-tree implementation. Each node contains a list of numbers.The key is named workload, but consider it as a plain double variable. If a key is equal to the key of an already existing node, the number gets pushed into the list. Every time I pop a number from a list, I perform a check, if the node's list is empty -> remove the node. But, after the element with key=3 gets removed completely, the list of the node with key=4 is suddenly empty. I've been trying to solve it for over 10 hours now, it's actually the first time I ever needed to ask something here. Pardon me if I miss a few things.
#include<iostream>
#include <list>
using namespace std;
class BST
{
struct node
{
double workload;
list<int> numbers;
node* left;
node* right;
int height;
};
node* root;
unsigned long long size;
bool empty;
void makeEmpty(node* t)
{
if(t == NULL)
return;
makeEmpty(t->left);
makeEmpty(t->right);
delete t;
}
node* insert(double workload,int number, node* t)
{
if(t == NULL)
{
t = new node;
t->workload = workload;
t->numbers.push_back(number);
t->height = 0;
t->left = t->right = NULL;
}
else if(t->workload == workload){
t->numbers.push_back(number);
}
else if(workload < t->workload)
{
t->left = insert(workload, number, t->left);
if(height(t->left) - height(t->right) == 2)
{
if(workload < t->left->workload)
t = singleRightRotate(t);
else
t = doubleRightRotate(t);
}
}
else if(workload > t->workload)
{
t->right = insert(workload, number, t->right);
if(height(t->right) - height(t->left) == 2)
{
if(workload > t->right->workload)
t = singleLeftRotate(t);
else
t = doubleLeftRotate(t);
}
}
//if x == t->workload instead of using int workload. its a list and we push into it.
t->height = max(height(t->left), height(t->right))+1;
return t;
}
node* singleRightRotate(node* &t)
{
node* u = t->left;
t->left = u->right;
u->right = t;
t->height = max(height(t->left), height(t->right))+1;
u->height = max(height(u->left), t->height)+1;
return u;
}
node* singleLeftRotate(node* &t)
{
node* u = t->right;
t->right = u->left;
u->left = t;
t->height = max(height(t->left), height(t->right))+1;
u->height = max(height(t->right), t->height)+1 ;
return u;
}
node* doubleLeftRotate(node* &t)
{
t->right = singleRightRotate(t->right);
return singleLeftRotate(t);
}
node* doubleRightRotate(node* &t)
{
t->left = singleLeftRotate(t->left);
return singleRightRotate(t);
}
node* findMin(node* t)
{
if(t == NULL)
return NULL;
else if(t->left == NULL)
return t;
else
return findMin(t->left);
}
node* findMax(node* t)
{
if(t == NULL)
return NULL;
else if(t->right == NULL)
return t;
else
return findMax(t->right);
}
node* find(node* t,double workload){
if (t->workload == workload){
return t;
}
else if(workload < t->workload && t->left!=NULL)
return find(t->left,workload);
else if(workload > t->workload && t->right!=NULL)
return find(t->right,workload);
else{
cout << "Null node encountered" << endl;
return t;
}
}
node* remove(double x, node* t)
{
node* temp;
// Element not found
if(t == NULL)
return NULL;
// Searching for element
if(x < t->workload)
t->left = remove(x, t->left);
else if(x > t->workload)
t->right = remove(x, t->right);
// Element found
// With 2 children
else if(t->left && t->right)
{
temp = findMin(t->right);
t->workload = temp->workload;
t->right = remove(t->workload, t->right);
}
// With one or zero child
else
{
temp = t;
if(t->left == NULL)
t = t->right;
else if(t->right == NULL)
t = t->left;
delete temp;
}
if(t == NULL)
return t;
t->height = max(height(t->left), height(t->right))+1;
// If node is unbalanced
// If left node is deleted, right case
if(height(t->left) - height(t->right) == -2)
{
// right right case
if(height(t->right->right) - height(t->right->left) == 1)
return singleLeftRotate(t);
// right left case
else
return doubleLeftRotate(t);
}
// If right node is deleted, left case
else if(height(t->right) - height(t->left) == 2)
{
// left left case
if(height(t->left->left) - height(t->left->right) == 1){
return singleRightRotate(t);
}
// left right case
else
return doubleRightRotate(t);
}
return t;
}
int height(node* t)
{
return (t == NULL ? -1 : t->height);
}
int getBalance(node* t)
{
if(t == NULL)
return 0;
else
return height(t->left) - height(t->right);
}
void inorder(node* t)
{
if(t == NULL)
return;
inorder(t->left);
cout << t->workload<< " ";
inorder(t->right);
}
//Reverse inorder (Sorted highest to lowest)
void rinorder(node* t)
{
if(t == NULL)
return;
rinorder(t->right);
cout << t->workload << " ";
rinorder(t->left);
}
void preorder(node* t)
{
if (t == NULL)
return;
cout << t->workload << " ";
preorder(t->left);
preorder(t->right);
}
void postorder(node* t)
{
if (t == NULL)
return;
postorder(t->left);
postorder(t->right);
cout << t->workload << " ";
}
public:
BST()
{
root = NULL;
}
void insert(double workload, int number)
{
root = insert(workload, number, root);
}
void remove(double workload)
{
root = remove(workload, root);
}
void displayrin()
{
cout << "Rinorder: ";
rinorder(root);
cout << endl;
}
void displayin()
{
cout << "Inorder: ";
inorder(root);
cout << endl;
}
void displaypost()
{
cout << "Postorder: ";
postorder(root);
cout << endl;
}
void displaypre()
{
cout << "Preorder: ";
preorder(root);
cout << endl;
}
double getMax(){
return findMax(root)->workload;
}
int getMaxNum(){
return find(root,getMax())->numbers.front();
}
int getNum(double workload){
return find(root,workload)->numbers.front();
}
//We pop a Num from a node
void popnumber(double workload){
node *t = find(root,workload);
if(t!=NULL){
if(!t->numbers.empty()){
t->numbers.pop_front();
//If the Num list of the node is empty, remove node
if(t->numbers.empty()){
remove(t->workload);
}
}
}
}
};
int main()
{
BST t;
//key value pairs
t.insert(2,1);
t.insert(3,1);
t.insert(3,2);
t.insert(4,7);
cout << t.getNum(4) << endl;
cout << t.getNum(3)<<endl;
t.popnumber(3);
cout << t.getNum(3)<<endl;
t.popnumber(3);
t.displayin();
t.displaypost();
t.displaypre();
t.displayrin();
cout << t.getNum(4) << endl;
cout << "The max is : " << t.getMax() << endl;
cout << "The top Num of the Max is : " << t.getMaxNum() << endl;
return 0;
}
As mentioned in the comments, the problem is in the "Element found With 2 children" section of remove.
To remove the element, you find the next element in the tree. Your implementation then wants to copy the contents of the found node (temp). You copy the workload value, so that both t and temp have the same workload value (4). You do not copy the numbers list. The t node has a workload of 4 and an empty numbers list, while temp has a workload of 4 and a numbers list consisting of one element, 7. You then delete temp, losing the list.
One fix would be to copy (or move) numbers from temp to t before removing it from the tree. Adding a MoveData method to node that would move the data fields (while not altering the tree specific fields) would make it easier to add new data fields.
Another fix would be to change how you're doing the data update. If you update all pointers (and other tree related fields like height), then you don't have to worry about the data (and any pointers/iterators to the nodes would not be invalidated).
I've been struggling with this last function (list_copy_front). The function is for a linked list, it is supposed to return the value of the head pointer for a new list that contains copies of the first n nodes that the source pointer points to. Also if there is less than n nodes in the source then just copy all. Currently, when I run it as is I get a nasty Segmentation Fault SIGSEGV error. The debugger says the error happens at "Node *cursor = source_ptr-> link; Any help would be greatly appreciated, thank you.
Here is some relevant info,
struct Node
{
typedef int Item;
Item data;
Node *link;
};
void list_tail_attach(Node*& head_ptr, const Node::Item& entry);
Node* list_copy_front(Node* source_ptr, size_t n);
void list_tail_attach(Node*& head_ptr, const Node::Item& entry)
{
Node *last = new Node;
last->data = entry;
last->link = NULL;
if(head_ptr == NULL)
{
head_ptr = last;
}
else
{
Node *temp = new Node;
temp = head_ptr;
while(temp->link != NULL)
{
temp = temp->link;
}
temp->link = last;
}
}
Node* list_copy_front(Node* source_ptr, size_t n)
{
Node *new_head_ptr = new Node;
Node *cursor = source_ptr->link;
size_t i = 0;
for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
list_tail_attach(new_head_ptr, cursor->data);
cursor = cursor->link;
}
return new_head_ptr;
}
Here's the Main test for the function
int test4()
{
Node* list = NULL; // an empty list
Node* copy = NULL;
copy = list_copy_front(list, 3);
if(copy != NULL)
{
cout << "list_copy_front function doesn't work for copying empty list\n";
return 0;
}
for(int i = 1; i <= 4; i++)
list_tail_attach(list, i);
// list contains 1, 2, 3, 4
copy = list_copy_front(list, 3);
if(list_length(copy) != 3 || copy->data != 1 || copy->link->data != 2 || copy->link->link->data != 3 )
{
cout << "list_copy_front function doesn't work\n";
return 0;
}
copy->link->data = 100;
if(list->link->data == 100)
{
cout << "list_copy_front function doesn't work.\n";
return 0;
}
list_clear(copy);
copy = list_copy_front(list, 6);
if(list_length(copy) != 4)
{
cout << "list_copy_front function doesn't work\n";
return 0;
}
cout << "list_copy_front passes the test\n";
list_clear(list);
for(int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
list_head_insert(list, i);
// list contains 3, 2, 1
list_copy(list, copy);
if(list_length(copy) != 3 || copy->data != 3 || copy->link->data != 2 || copy->link->link->data != 1 )
{
cout << "list_copy function doesn't work\n";
return 0;
}
cout << "list_copy function passes the test\n";
return 2;
}
Edit 3
So far here's what I'm working with I appreciate the comments so far it's just not quite working out. Which is probably my fault for not explaining better.
void list_tail_attach(Node*& head_ptr, const Node::Item& entry)
{
Node *last = new Node; // Creates new Node
last->data = entry; // Points last to data
last->link = NULL;
if(last == NULL)
{
return;
}
if(head_ptr == NULL)
{
head_ptr = last;
}
else
{
Node *temp = head_ptr;
while(temp->link != NULL)
{
temp = temp->link;
}
temp->link = last;
}
}
Node* list_copy_front(Node* source_ptr, size_t n)
{
if(source_ptr == NULL)
{
return NULL;
}
Node *new_head_ptr = new Node;
Node *cursor = source_ptr;
size_t i = 0;
while(cursor!= NULL && i < n)
{
list_tail_attach(new_head_ptr, cursor->data);
cursor = cursor->link;
i++;
}
return new_head_ptr;
}
I am not allowed to change the way the function takes it's input so, that's why I left Node *last.
I left list_tail_attach(new_head_ptr, cursor->data) because without it I get an invalid conversion error. However when I run the above code I still receive an SIGSEGV error for while(temp->link != NULL) in list_tail_attach and on list_tail_attach(new_head_ptr, cursor->data); in list_copy_front.
Thank you if you are able to comment further
The first test case
Node* list = NULL; // an empty list
Node* copy = NULL;
copy = list_copy_front(list, 3);
gives Node* source_ptr == NULL and expects your function to handle it gracefully.
The function code soon tries to dereference NULL
Node *cursor = source_ptr->link;
The result is a segfault.
First is list_tail_attach, this function I assumed to be attaching an existing Node into a linked list. If the linked list is null then the Node become the head
void list_tail_attach(Node *& head_ptr, Node *& entry)
{
if (entry == NULL) {
return;
}
if (head_ptr == NULL)
{
head_ptr = entry;
}
else
{
Node *temp = head_ptr;
while (temp->link != NULL)
{
temp = temp->link;
}
temp->link = entry;
}
}
I changed the entry into a reference to a pointer to made it easier.
Ok, now move on to the list_copy_front
Node * list_copy_front(Node* source_ptr, size_t n)
{
if (source_ptr == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
Node * new_head_ptr = new Node;
Node * cursor = source_ptr;
size_t i = 0;
while(cursor != NULL && i < n){
list_tail_attach(new_head_ptr, cursor);
cursor = cursor->link;
i++;
}
return new_head_ptr;
}
You have to guard the source_ptr in case it is null.
To attach a new Node
for (int x = 0; x < 5; x++) {
Node * tmp = new Node();
tmp->data = x;
tmp->link = NULL;
list_tail_attach(list, tmp);
}
My professor helped me out with the correct solution. For anyone who views this in the future...
Node* list_copy_front(Node* source_ptr, size_t n)
{
if(source_ptr == NULL) // Takes care of NULL case
{
return NULL;
}
Node *new_head_ptr = NULL; // Creates new head and ensures NULL
Node *cursor = source_ptr; // Sets temp Node = to source
size_t i = 0; // Initializes temp variable
while(cursor!= NULL && i < n) // Loop that continues while n is bigger than i and it is not NULL
{
list_tail_attach(new_head_ptr, cursor->data);
cursor = cursor->link; // Attaches to new list
i++; // Increases count
}
return new_head_ptr;
}
The line that needed to be changed was
Node * new_head_ptr = new Node;
to
Node * new_head_ptr = NULL;
So I've been working on this self-balancing AVL tree, and I feel like its working correctly, but there are some memory leaks. I've search and gone through a million times it feels like trying to figure out what I'm doing wrong but I'm new to this whole memory leak thing and obviously need to learn more. If anyone can help me out or can see where the leaks may be that would be awesome, here is the code for my AVL tree:
#pragma once
#include <algorithm>
#include <fstream>
#include "LinkedList.h"
template <typename ItemType>
class AVLTreeSet {
private:
struct Node {
ItemType info;
Node* left;
Node* right;
int height;
};
Node* root;
int size;
public:
AVLTreeSet()
{
root = NULL;
size = 0;
}
~AVLTreeSet()
{
clear();
}
void clear()
{
Node* n = root;
if(n != NULL)
{
clearTree(n->left);
clearTree(n->right);
delete n;
}
root = NULL;
}
void clearTree(Node* n)
{
if(n != NULL)
{
clearTree(n->left);
clearTree(n->right);
delete n;
}
}
void print(std::ofstream &out)
{
//cout << "HERE" << endl;
LinkedList<Node*> list;
int level = 0;
int levelSize;
int count = 0;
Node* n = root;
if (n == NULL)
{
return;
}
list.insert(n);
levelSize = list.getSize();
while(list.getSize() != 0)
{
count = 0;
out << "level " << level << ": ";
for (unsigned i = levelSize; i > 0; i--)
{
count++;
if (count > 8)
{
out << std::endl;
out << "level " << level << ": ";
count = 0;
}
n = list.getInfo();
out <<n->info << "(" << getHeight(n) << ") ";
if (n->left != NULL)
{
//cout << "left is not null" << endl;
list.insert(n->left);
}
if (n->right != NULL)
{
list.insert(n->right);
//cout << "right is not null" << endl;
}
list.remove();
}
levelSize = list.getSize();
level++;
out << std::endl;
//levelSize = list.getSize();
}
}
void insert(const ItemType& item)
{
//cout << "Insert FUNCTION" << endl;
Node* current = root;
if (current == NULL)
{
//cout << "ADD FUNCTION NULL" << endl;
current = new Node;
current->info = item;
current->left = NULL;
current->right = NULL;
current->height = 0;
root = current;
size++;
//cout << current->info << endl;
//cout << current->height << endl;
return;
}
if (current->info > item)
{
current->left = add(item, current->left);
}
if (current->info < item)
{
current->right = add(item, current->right);
}
current = balance(current);
root = current;
}
Node* add(const ItemType& item, Node* current)
{
if (current == NULL)
{
current = new Node;
current->info = item;
current->left = NULL;
current->right = NULL;
current->height = 0;
size++;
}
if (current->info > item)
{
current->left = add(item, current->left);
}
if (current->info < item)
{
current->right = add(item, current->right);
}
return current;
}
void remove(const ItemType& item)
{
Node* current = root;
if (current == NULL)
{
//cout << "NULL" << endl;
return;
}
if (current->info == item)
{
//cout << "FOUND" << endl;
current = removeNext(item, current);
current = balance(current);
root = current;
return;
}
if (current->info > item)
{
//cout << "LEFT" << endl;
current->left = removeNext(item, current->left);
if (current == root)
{
root = balance(current);
}
return;
}
if (current->info < item)
{
//cout << "RIGHT" << endl;
current->right = removeNext(item, current->right);
if (current == root)
{
root = balance(current);
}
return;
}
}
Node* removeNext(const ItemType& item, Node* current)
{
Node* temp;
if (current != NULL)
{
if (current->info > item)
{
//cout << "REMOVENEXT LEFT" << endl;
current->left = removeNext(item, current->left);
return current;
}
if (current->info < item)
{
//cout << "REMOVENEXT RIGHT" << endl;
current->right = removeNext(item, current->right);
return current;
}
//cout << "FOUND" << endl;
if (current->left != NULL && current->right != NULL)
{
//cout << "LEFT AND RIGHT CHILDREN" << endl;
temp = current;
current = CTR(current->right);
current->left = temp->left;
//cout << current->info << endl;
//looker = removeNext(current->info, temp->right);
delete temp;
size--;
current = balance(current);
return current;
}
else if (current->right != NULL)
{
//cout << "RIGHT ONE CHILD" << endl;
temp = current;
current = current->right;
delete temp;
size--;
current = balance(current);
return current;
}
else if (current->left != NULL)
{
//cout << "LEFT ONE CHILD" << endl;
temp = current;
current = current->left;
delete temp;
size--;
current = balance(current);
return current;
}
//cout << "CURRENT NODE" << endl;
delete current;
size--;
return NULL;
}
//cout << "NOT FOUND" << endl;
return current;
}
Node* CTR(Node* current)
{
while(current->left != NULL)
{
//cout << "ENTERED LOOP" << endl;
current = current->left;
}
//cout << current->info << endl;
return current;
}
bool find(const ItemType& item)
{
Node* current = root;
bool find = false;
if (current == NULL)
{
return find;
}
if (item == current->info)
{
find = true;
return find;
}
if (current->info > item && current->left != NULL)
{
find = findLeft(item, current->left);
}
if (current->info < item && current->right != NULL)
{
find = findRight(item, current->right);
}
return find;
}
bool findLeft(const ItemType& item, Node* current)
{
bool find = false;
if (item == current->info)
{
find = true;
return find;
}
if (current->info > item && current->left != NULL)
{
find = findLeft(item, current->left);
}
if (current->info < item && current->right != NULL)
{
find = findRight(item, current->right);
}
return find;
}
bool findRight(const ItemType& item, Node* current)
{
bool find = false;
if (item == current->info)
{
find = true;
return find;
}
if (current->info > item && current->left != NULL)
{
find = findLeft(item, current->left);
}
if (current->info < item && current->right != NULL)
{
find = findRight(item, current->right);
}
return find;
}
int getHeight(Node* temp)
{
int h = 0;
if (temp != NULL)
{
int l_height = getHeight(temp->left);
int r_height = getHeight(temp->right);
int max_height = std::max(l_height, r_height);
h = max_height + 1;
}
return h;
}
void setHeight(Node* n)
{
n->height = std::max(getHeight(n->right), getHeight(n->left)) + 1;
}
Node* balance(Node* n)
{
if (size == 1)
{
return n;
}
else if(getHeight(n->left) - getHeight(n->right) > 1) //n is out of balance
{
//cout << "BALANCE RIGHT" << endl;
n = balanceToRight(n);
}
else if(getHeight(n->right) - getHeight(n->left) > 1)
{
//cout << "BALANCE LEFT" << endl;
n = balanceToLeft(n);
}
return n;
}
Node* balanceToRight(Node* n)
{
if(getHeight(n->left->right) > getHeight(n->left->left))
{
n->left = rotateLeft(n->left); //<--- extra step for double rotate
}
n = rotateRight(n); //<--- this is for single
return n;
}
Node* balanceToLeft(Node* n)
{
if(getHeight(n->right->left) > getHeight(n->right->right))
{
n->right = rotateRight(n->right); //<--- extra step for double rotate
}
n = rotateLeft(n); //<--- this is for single
return n;
}
Node* rotateRight(Node* n)
{
Node* temp = n->left;
n->left = temp->right;
temp->right = n;
setHeight(n); //<--- set first
setHeight(temp);
return temp;
}
Node* rotateLeft(Node* n)
{
Node* temp = n->right;
n->right = temp->left;
temp->left = n;
setHeight(n); //<--- set first
setHeight(temp);
return temp;
}
};
I run the program by reading in a file with my main.cpp that calls the commands of my AVLtree. I know its a lot of code but I'm stressing out because I can't find where it maybe happening. Thanks.
How do you know that there are memory leak(s)?
Unless you use some tool to find the memory leak, for example valgrind as suggested by #jsantander, then try the following:
Avoid code duplication. There is too much of duplication in the present form. For example clear() could be simplified by just calling cleartree(root). Similar for insert().
Print/log memory each memory allocation (new) and deallocation (delete)
Keep always increasing counters, newCount and deleteCount. At the end of significant methods, add an assertion, assert( newCount - deleteCount == size );. At the first occurrence of memory leak, the assert() would blow. See http://accu.org/var/uploads/journals/overload102.pdf, page 7, "Other experiences"
I am trying to do a linked list of int values. I add 3 int values to list, and I print them but my problem after print the 3 values, the program goes back in to print function to print a 4th one because (tempNode != NULL) gives true but it should be NULL after printing 3 values, so it gives me access violation reading error in the print method at cout << "index " << size-- << ", value: "<< tempNode->num << endl;
It is going beyond my list nodes, but I have no idea where am doing wrong.
Please help, 2 days am trying to figure this out.
code below.
IntList::IntList()
{
first = NULL;
last = NULL;
size = 0;
}
IntList::Node::Node(const int& info, Node* next = NULL)
{
num = info;
next = next;
}
IntList::~IntList()
{
Node* tempNode = first;
while ( tempNode != NULL )
//for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
Node* nextNode = tempNode->next;
delete tempNode;
tempNode = nextNode;
}
first = last = NULL;
size = 0;
}
IntList::IntList(const IntList& wl)
{
cout << "here word list copy conts " << endl;
first = last = NULL;
size = wl.size;
if(wl.first != NULL){
Node* tempNode = wl.first;
for(int i = 0; i < wl.size; i++)
{
addLast(tempNode->num);
tempNode = tempNode->next;
}
}
}
IntList& IntList::operator = (const IntList& wl)
{
cout << "here word list =" << endl;
if(this == &wl)
return *this;
Node* tempNode = first;
while ( tempNode != NULL )
{
Node* nextNode = tempNode->next;
delete tempNode;
tempNode = nextNode;
}
first = NULL;
last = NULL;
if(wl.first != NULL)
{
for(int i = 0; i < wl.size; i++)
{
addLast(tempNode->num);
tempNode = tempNode->next;
size++;
}
}
return *this;
}
void IntList::addFirst(int& winfo)
{
Node* firstNode = new Node(winfo);
//Node firstNode(winfo);
if(first == NULL)
{
first = last = firstNode;
}
else
{
firstNode->next = first;
first = firstNode;
}
//increment list size
size++;
}
void IntList::print(ostream& out)
{
Node* tempNode = first;
while ( tempNode != NULL )
{
out << "\t";
cout << "index " << size-- << ", value: "<< tempNode->num << endl;
tempNode = tempNode->next;
}
}
The next parameter of the Node constructor shadows its next member, so next = next is assigning to the parameter.
Rename one of them.
Also, don't modify size while you're printing.