writing a map as template with Pair and iterator c++ - c++

A little help please with this task, I need to write a simplified map template with Pair class and iterator class, I'm a beginner and I'm really messy and troubled with this, I would be glad for some help only with the header.
#include <cassert>
#include <functional>
#include "Exceptions.h"
template <typename DataType>
struct Node {
DataType data;
Node<DataType> *next;
};
namespace mtm {
template <class KeyType, class ValueType, class CompareFunction = std::less<KeyType> >
class MtmMap {
public:
class Pair {
public:
Pair(const KeyType& key, const ValueType& value)
: first(key), second(value){}
const KeyType first;
ValueType second;
~Pair() = default;
Pair* begin();
Pair* end();
void insert();
void insert(const KeyType&, const ValueType&);
void remove(const KeyType&);
bool containsKey(const KeyType& key) const;
int size() const;
Pair& operator=(const Pair&) = default;
ValueType& operator[](const KeyType&);
const ValueType& operator[](const KeyType&) const;
Pair& operator[]();
/*private:
Node<Pair> _pairs;
int _size;
*/
};
class iterator{
/*private:
Pair *cur_itr;
Node<Pair*> pair_ptr;
*/
public:
iterator();
iterator(const Pair*);
iterator(const iterator&);
~iterator();
iterator& operator=(const iterator&) = default;
iterator& operator++(int);
iterator& operator++();
iterator& operator*();
bool operator==(const iterator&);
};
bool operator!=(const iterator&, const iterator&);
};
}
I was given an empty part, like this:
#include <cassert>
#include <functional>
#include "Exceptions.h"
namespace mtm {
template <class KeyType, class ValueType, class CompareFunction = std::less<KeyType> >
class MtmMap {
public:
class Pair {
public:
Pair(const KeyType& key, const ValueType& value)
: first(key), second(value) {}
const KeyType first;
ValueType second;
};
};
}
And the first part is after I wrote all the needed for realization operators and functions. Notice that it is pretty simplified version of map container, so I only need this part, WITHOUT USING ANY STL.
Can somebody help with writing the private fields and other things that belongs to the structure of the template class MtmMap ???
The idea using a list struct is mine, as I need list of operators and pairs as a container, as I can see it.
Any other ideas, comments, and stuff will be excellent and I'll be grateful, thanks a lot.
EDIT:
Just to clarify my question, before I'll continue to the cpp file for realization, I'm stuck, because I don't understand how I should realize all the functions of the map, how to storage them and etc.
I need help finishing this header.

Related

Accessing an outer public member from an inner class

I have the following classes and I am trying to overload the operator* from the inner class iterator
#ifndef __LISTMAP_H__
#define __LISTMAP_H__
#include "xless.h"
#include "xpair.h"
template <typename Key, typename Value, class Less=xless<Key>>
class listmap {
public:
using key_type = Key;
using mapped_type = Value;
using value_type = xpair<const key_type, mapped_type>;
private:
Less less;
struct node;
struct link {
node* next{};
node* prev{};
link (node* next, node* prev): next(next), prev(prev){}
};
struct node: link {
value_type value{};
node (node* next, node* prev, const value_type&);
};
node* anchor() { return static_cast<node*> (&anchor_); }
link anchor_ {anchor(), anchor()};
public:
class iterator;
listmap(){};
listmap (const listmap&) = default;
listmap& operator= (const listmap&) = default;
~listmap();
iterator insert (const value_type&);
iterator find (const key_type&);
iterator erase (iterator position);
iterator begin() { return anchor()->next; }
iterator end() { return anchor(); }
bool empty() const { return begin() == end(); }
};
template <typename Key, typename Value, class Less>
class listmap<Key,Value,Less>::iterator {
private:
friend class listmap<Key,Value>;
listmap<Key,Value,Less>::node* where {nullptr};
iterator (node* where): where(where){};
public:
iterator(){}
value_type& operator*();
value_type* operator->();
iterator& operator++(); //++itor
iterator& operator--(); //--itor
void erase();
bool operator== (const iterator&) const;
bool operator!= (const iterator&) const;
};
template <typename Key, typename Value, class Less>
value_type& listmap<Key,Value,Less>::iterator<Key,Value,Less>::operator*()
{
return where->value;
}
#include "listmap.tcc"
#endif
The problem is that value_type is a public member from the class listmap and it's not static, so I don't know how to complete the declaration of operator*(). I wouldn't like to fix the bug by changing the structure of the code. Ex: making
using value_type = xpair<const key_type, mapped_type>;
Global. I am just wondering if there is some other trick I can use to access value_type.
....edit: I have no idea how the inner class recognizes value_type
It's barely the same as for iterator, you just have to add typename keyword
typename listmap<Key,Value,Less>::value_type
staticness doesn't matter for a type.
The alias1 inside iterator
template <typename Key, typename Value, class Less>
class listmap<Key,Value,Less>::iterator {
...
using value_type = typename listmap<Key,Value,Less>::value_type;
};
allows you to write the definition more succinctly using auto suffix type:
template <typename Key, typename Value, class Less>
auto listmap<Key,Value,Less>::iterator::operator*() -> value_type&
{
return where->value;
}
Careful: inner iterator class is not template, only listmap is:
listmap<Key,Value,Less>::iterator<Key,Value,Less>::operator
// ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ remove this
1 Btw don't forget the others.

Interface which declares functions for iteration

I have an assignment in which I need to make template classes LinkedList and Traversible. Class Traversible needs to be a interface which declares functions for indexing and iteration of some collection class. I don't exactly know how to make an interface for iterator so LinkedList can use it. I was thinking something like
template <class T, class U>
class ITraversible {
public:
virtual U begin() noexcept = 0;
virtual U end() noexcept = 0;
virtual T& operator[](int) = 0;
};
and then in LinkedList header file I would do:
template <class T>
class LinkedList : public ITraversible<T,typename LinkedList<T>::iterator> {
struct node {
T data;
node* next, *prev;
explicit node(const T&);
void connect(node*);
};
node *head, *tail;
int n;
public:
/*************************ITERATOR************************/
class iterator : public std::iterator<std::bidirectional_iterator_tag, node*> {
typename LinkedList<T>::node* itr;
explicit iterator(node*) noexcept;
friend class LinkedList;
public:
iterator& operator++();
iterator operator++(int);
iterator& operator--();
iterator operator--(int);
bool operator==(const iterator&) const noexcept;
bool operator!=(const iterator&) const noexcept;
T& operator*() const noexcept;
T& operator->() const noexcept;
};
/**********************************************************/
LinkedList() noexcept;
LinkedList(std::initializer_list<T>);
LinkedList(const LinkedList&);
LinkedList(LinkedList&&) noexcept;
~LinkedList() noexcept;
LinkedList& operator=(LinkedList) noexcept;
template <class A>
friend void swap(LinkedList<A>&, LinkedList<A>&);
void add(const T&);
void removeAt(int);
int size() const noexcept;
bool operator==(const LinkedList&) const noexcept;
bool operator!=(const LinkedList&) const noexcept;
virtual T& operator[](int) override;
virtual iterator begin() noexcept override;
virtual iterator end() noexcept override;
};
But then Traversable template has two parameters and it should have only one.
Is this what I am supposed to do? Keep in mind I am new to templates and iterators.
When creating an interface you'll need to nail down the static types of what is being returned. These may behave dynamically different but you can't change the type other than using a subtype relation when returning pointers or references.
Personally, I think this exercise is ill-advised for a C++ context. It may make some sense when using Java or C#. However, similar behavior can be obtained. A rought sketch would be something like this (although this should work it will be rather slow):
template <typename T>
struct iterator_base {
virtual iterator_base() {}
virtual iterator_base<T>* do_clone() = 0;
virtual T& do_value() = 0;
virtual void do_next() = 0;
virtual bool do_equal() = 0;
// other operations to implement operator--, operator[], ...
};
template <typename It>
class iterator: iterator_base<typename std::iterator_traits<It>::value_type> {
typedef typename std::iterator_traits<It>::value_type> type;
It it;
iterator_base<type>* do_clone() { return new iterator<It>(*this); }
type& do_value() { return *this->it; }
void do_next() { ++this->it; }
bool do_equal(iterator_base<type>* other) {
return this->it == static_cast<iterator<It>>(other)->it;
}
};
template <typename T>
class poly_iterator {
std::unique_ptr<iterator_base<T>> ptr;
public:
poly_iterator(iterator_base<T>* ptr): ptr(ptr) {}
poly_iterator(poly_iterator const& other): ptr(other.ptr->clone()) {}
poly_iterator& operator= (poly_iterator other) {
other.swap(this);
return *this;
}
void swap(poly_iterator& other) { swap(this->ptr, other.ptr); }
T& operator*() { return this->ptr->value(); }
T* operator->() { return &this->operator*(); }
poly_iterator& operator++() { this->ptr->next(); return *this; }
poly_iterator operator++(int) {
poly_iterator rc(*this);
this->operator++();
return rc;
}
bool operator== (poly_iterator const& other) {
return this->ptr->equal(other.ptr.ptr());
}
bool operator!= (poly_iterator const& other) {
return !(*this == other);
}
// other operations
};
// define a suitable specialization of std::iterator_traits<poly_iterator<T>>
template <typename T>
class ITraversible {
virtual iterator_base<T>* do_begin() = 0;
virutal iterator_base<T>* do_end() = 0;
public:
poly_iterator<T> begin() { return this->do_begin(); }
poly_iterator<T> end() { return this->do_end(); }
// other operations
};
template <typename T>
class List: public ITraversible<T> {
std::list<T> list;
iterator_base<T>* do_begin() {
return iterator<std::list<T>::iterator>(list.begin());
}
iterator_base<T>* do_end() {
return iterator<std::list<T>::iterator>(list.end());
}
public:
// whatever is needed to fill the list
};

Sharing template struct among templates

In my everlasting effort to implement a link list I created a class-template representing the container (CursorList) and I have a seperate class-template that is supposed to be my iterator (CursorIterator).
In my CursorList I use a struct Node to represent elements of the list. I want to share this struct with my CursorIterator-Class (the iterator is pointing towards a Node). However this doesn't work as I want it to, I can't really get both classes to know the structures of Node.
CursorList.h
#ifndef CURSORLIST_H
#define CURSORLIST_H
#include "CursorIterator.h"
template <class T> class CursorList {
public:
CursorList() {}
typedef T value_type;
typedef CursorIterator<T> iterator;
bool empty() const;
int size() const;
T& front() const;
void push_front(const T& item);
void pop_front();
iterator begin() const;
iterator end() const;
iterator insert(iterator itr, const T& value);
iterator erase(iterator start, iterator stop);
iterator erase(iterator itr);
struct Node {
Node(const T& n_data, Node* n_prev, Node* n_next): data(n_data), prev(n_prev), next(n_next) {}
T data;
Node* prev;
Node* next;
};
private:
Node* m_head;
};
#endif //CURSORLIST_H
CursorIterator.h
#ifndef CURSORITERATOR_H
#define CURSORITERATOR_H
template <class T> class CursorIterator {
private:
typedef CursorIterator<T> iterator;
Node* m_rep;
public:
CursorIterator() {}
CursorIterator(Node* n): m_rep(n) {}
T& operator *();
iterator& operator = (const iterator& rhs);
bool operator != (const iterator& rhs) const;
bool operator == (const iterator& rhs) const;
iterator& operator ++();
iterator operator ++(int);
};
#endif //CURSORITERATOR_H

Template iterator, no STL

I'm not sure how much this fits in here and I'm kinda new to C++ but I have to make an ADT over a dynamic array/linked list with iterators. My question is, is there a way to make this iterator a template so it could work for both the dynamic array and the linked list or I have to make 2 different implementations for a class Iterator?
I was thinking of something like this:
template<typename Container>
class Iterator {
private:
Container *cont;
int pos;
public:
Iterator();
Iterator(const Container& c);
~Iterator();
bool isValid();
void operator++();
void operator--();
Element getCurrent();
};
Now clearly, it has no idea what Element is and that's my problem. Is there any way to have getCurrent() to return the element from the current position?
Is this going anywhere?
in c++ 14 you can do this :
template<typename Container>
class Iterator {
private:
Container *cont;
int pos;
public:
Iterator();
Iterator(const Container& c);
~Iterator();
bool isValid();
void operator++();
void operator--();
auto getCurrent(); // the return type is automatically generated
};
but in c++11
you have to erase the return type
so getCurrent(); must return a void *
and use reinterpret_cast(getCurrent());
implementation correction: (what i think)
template<typename Container>
class Iterator {
private:
Container *cont;
int currentPos;
int beginPos;
int endPos;
public:
Iterator();
Iterator(const Container& c,int endpos)currentPos{0},beginPos{0},endPos{endpos};
~Iterator();
void operator++();
void operator--();
auto& getCurrent()const;
}

Implementing a nested class function in c++

so thats what i got going.
template<class T>
class List{
Node<T> head;
int size;
public:
class Iterator;
template <class T>
class List<T>::Iterator{
public:
Iterator& operator++();
i'm trying to implement like so:
template<class T>
typename List<T>::Iterator& List<T>::Iterator::operator++()
but it keeps telling me "Member declaration not found"
EDIT:
thats the entire relevent code:
template <class T>
class Node {
T data;
Node<T>* next;
public:
Node () : next(0){};
Node (const T& info, Node<T>* next = 0) : data(info), next(next){};
friend class List<T>;
friend class Iterator;
friend class ConstIterator;
};
template<class T>
class List{
Node<T> head;
int size;
void listSwap(Node<T>* node1, Node<T>* node2);
public:
class Iterator;
class ConstIterator;
List ();
List(const List<T>& list);
List& operator=(const List<T>& list);
ConstIterator begin() const;
Iterator begin();
ConstIterator end() const;
Iterator end();
void insert(const T& t);
void insert(const T& t,const Iterator& it);
void remove(const Iterator& it);
// template<class Function>
// ConstIterator find(Function f);
template<class Function>
Iterator find(Function f);
template<class Function>
void sort(Function f);
int getSize();
bool operator==(const List<T>& list2) const;
bool operator!=(const List<T>& list2) const;
~List();
};
template <class T>
class List<T>::Iterator{
List<T>* list;
Node<T>* index;
public:
Iterator(List<T> list);
Iterator(List<T> list, Iterator& it);
Iterator& operator++();
Iterator operator++(int);
T operator*();
bool operator==(const Iterator& iterator2);
bool operator!=(const Iterator& iterator2);
~Iterator();
friend class List<T>;
};
thought I think it is ok :/
so frustrating sometimes....
Thank you guys for the help!
You don't need template<class T> class List<T>::Iterator in the Iterator class definition if iterator is a nested class. Just class Iterator.
template<class T>
class List{
Node<T> head;
int size;
public:
class Iterator
{
public:
Iterator& operator++();
....
};
....
};
Either that, or you are missing the closing }; of your List class:
template<class T>
class List{
Node<T> head;
int size;
public:
class Iterator;
};
^^ HERE!
I see some obvious bugs, as the class List is not closed before you define List<T>::Iterator, but I presume it is so because you cut off some portion of your code.
Unfortunately, I was unable to reproduce your case. The following code:
class List {
int size;
public:
class Iterator;
};
template <class T>
class List<T>::Iterator {
public:
Iterator& operator++();
};
template <class T>
typename List<T>::Iterator& List<T>::Iterator::operator++() {
return *this;
}
int main() {
}
And it compiles just fine under g++ (4.6.3) and clang++ (3.1), so the problem is somewhere else which you are not showing us.
You first code sample seems to be shreeded beyond recognition.
As for your second (longer) section of code, I don't see anthing wrong with it aside from one suspect area. Your friend declarations inside Node will refer to some non-template Iterator and ConstIterator classes from global namespace. Meanwhile, Iterator and ConstIterator from List are templates that do not belong to global namespace. Were those friend declarations in Node supposed to refer to Iterator and ConstIterator from List or not?