I've made a simple main to check if gtest was correctly linked and got "undefined reference" errors. The first line in the main function throws an undefined reference to `testing::InitGoogleTest(int*, char**)'.
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}
I have successfully built a gtest Code::Block project with the help of cmake and without the pthread library. Then, I compiled everything with MinGW. I took the libgtest.a libgmock.a and linked them in my Code::Block project with no problems. I also specified the include directories and the binary directories. Is it possible that I need to include gtest_main.a too?
The build log (I added "..." to hide long chains of folders):
"obj\Debug gtest\MainTest.o" -lsfml-graphics-s-d -lsfml-window-s-d -lsfml-network-s-d -lsfml-audio-s-d -lsfml-system-s-d -lglew -lgtest -lgmock -lws2_32 -lopenal32 -lsndfile -lgdi32 -lwinmm -lfreetype -ljpeg -lglu32 -lopengl32
obj\Debug gtest\MainTest.o: In function main':
D:/.../Templates/SFML 2_2 BasicScene/MainTest.cpp:5: undefined reference totesting::InitGoogleTest(int*, char**)'
obj\Debug gtest\MainTest.o: In function Z13RUN_ALL_TESTSv':
D:/.../googletest/googletest/include/gtest/gtest.h:2237: undefined reference totesting::UnitTest::GetInstance()'
D:/.../googletest/googletest/include/gtest/gtest.h:2237: undefined reference to `testing::UnitTest::Run()'
I finally found it! It was tricky: as I am using Windows 7 and installed multiple compilers (3 versions of MinGW and 2 of TDM), my PATH got all mixed up. When I was using cmake-gui 3.3, I was using the default compiler, which was MinGW 4.7 when I installed Code::Blocks. After installing all the compilers mentionned above, the default compiler path changed for a higher version of MinGW. Linking with a library that was compiled with a newer version of MinGW didn't cause the library to not be found, but instead caused linking errors.
In conclusion, I was using two differents versions of the same compiler.
Related
I'm trying to compile a 64 bit version of an OpenGL C++ program using freeglut. I followed the exact instructions on this website to set up freeglut with MinGW. I have the header files in C:\MinGW\include\GL, I have the 32 bit libraries in C:\MinGW\lib and 64 bit libraries in C:\MinGW\lib\x64, and I have the 64 bit freeglut.dll in my project directory. However, even the simplest of OpenGL programs don't link successfully...
My code is minimal:
// test.cpp
#include <GL/glut.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
glutInit(&argc, argv);
}
And I compile it with the exact commands given on the readme/on the website:
g++ -c -o test.o test.cpp -I"C:\MinGW\include"
g++ -o test.exe test.o -L"C:\MinGW\lib\x64" -lfreeglut -lopengl32 -Wl,--subsystem,windows
(except of course I changed the directories and changed gcc to g++)
The compile runs fine, but linking throws these error messages:
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: test.o:test.cpp:(.text+0x1c): undefined reference to `_imp____glutInitWithExit#12'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: test.o:test.cpp:(.text+0x3f): undefined reference to `_imp____glutCreateWindowWithExit#8'
c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/9.2.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: test.o:test.cpp:(.text+0x61): undefined reference to `_imp____glutCreateMenuWithExit#8'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
I've tried to change -lopengl32 in the command to -lopengl64 and -lopengl, but the linker couldn't find those libraries.
I can't answer your specific case, but another approach would be to use mingw-w64, with MSYS2 as a package manager. The old mingw.org project is not well maintained, unlike mingw-w64 and the MSYS2 package database. There is probably some mismatch between how your precompiled binaries were built and the compiler you are currently using.
On my system I compiled your code with g++ -o gl gl.cpp -lfreeglut and it worked first time .
How to install MinGW-w64 and MSYS2?
Then use pacman -Ss glut to find the freeglut package.
I have compiled the static library libtensorflow_core.a in the tensorflow/contrib/makefiles/gen/lib folder using the
./tensorflow/contrib/makefile/build_all_linux.sh
script
Making some minor adjustments for CentOS 6.10 to include a LD_LIBRARY_PATH for libstdc++ as the gcc that comes with CentOS 6 is gcc 4.4 and gcc 4.8 is needed for C++11
I have tested the compile was successful by testing the benchmark binary with my model
./tensorflow/contrib/makefile/gen/bin/benchmark etc
This all works as expected.
Now I am hosting Tensorflow in my application, which was previously dynamically linked to libtensorflow_cc.so and libtensorflow_framework.so
instead I am linking to libtensorflow_core.a statically
Compiling and linking of my plugin are successful.
At runtime the following error occurs:
/usr/local/Nuke11.3v1/Nuke11.3: symbol lookup error: /usr/OFX/Plugins/rotobot.ofx.bundle/Contents/Linux-x86-64/rotobot.ofx: undefined symbol: _ZN10tensorflow4port8InitMainEPKcPiPPPc
We can see the symbol missing is
tensorflow::port::InitMain(char const*, int*, char***)
my code indeed contains this function
[samh#apollo-centos6 Rotobot-CPU-static]$ grep -rn InitMain rotobot.cpp
130: tensorflow::port::InitMain(&usage[0], &argc, NULL);
What adjustments do I need to make to my the libtensorflow_core.a Makefile to include InitMain?
Sam
I can see that this function is in the benchmark binary which works
and I can also see that the benchmark source are as follows
BENCHMARK_SRCS := \
tensorflow/core/util/reporter.cc \
tensorflow/tools/benchmark/benchmark_model.cc \
tensorflow/tools/benchmark/benchmark_model_main.cc
the LIBS flags for my compile are the libprotobuf.a and libtensorflow_core.a and the other things needed for my application
I think if you had the following
#include <tensorflow/core/platform/init_main.h>
#include <tensorflow/core/public/session.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
char usage[] = "iLikeTurtles";
tensorflow::port::InitMain(&usage[0], &argc, NULL);
}
it would be enough to trigger the error
I would expect the program to function the same as the code linked against libtensorflow_cc.so and libtensorflow_framework.so
looking into
https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/tensorflow/tools/benchmark/BUILD
deps = select({
"//tensorflow:android": [
"//tensorflow/core:android_tensorflow_lib",
"//tensorflow/core:android_tensorflow_test_lib",
],
"//conditions:default": [
"//tensorflow/core:core_cpu",
"//tensorflow/core:lib",
"//tensorflow/core:framework",
"//tensorflow/core:framework_internal",
"//tensorflow/core:framework_lite",
"//tensorflow/core:protos_all_cc",
"//tensorflow/core:tensorflow",
"//tensorflow/core:test",
],
}),
Looks like we might need the .o files for framework, framework_internal, and framework_lite.
the devil is in the detail
here are the library args to use the static library
-Wall -L$(TENSORFLOW)/tensorflow/contrib/makefile/gen/protobuf-host/lib -Wl,--allow-multiple-definition -Wl,--whole-archive $(TENSORFLOW)/tensorflow/contrib/makefile/gen/lib/libtensorflow-core.a -Wl,--no-whole-archive $(TENSORFLOW)/tensorflow/contrib/makefile/downloads/nsync/builds/default.linux.c++11/nsync.a -lstdc++ -l:libprotobuf.a -lz -lm -ldl -lpthread -lrt
Then everything works great
This was deciphered by looking at make VERBOSE=true when executing the build_all_linux.sh
and looking at the last command for building and linking the benchmark executable
you may not need -lrt but I do on CentOS 6.10
I still need to do the same on OSX
Building on OSX is still using the build_all_linux.sh script as OSX is close enough to Linux
TENSORFLOW_LIBS = -Wl,-force_load,$(TENSORFLOW)/tensorflow/contrib/makefile/gen/lib/libtensorflow-core.a -Wl,-force_load,$(TENSORFLOW)/tensorflow/contrib/makefile/downloads/nsync/builds/default.macos.c++11/nsync.a -Wl,-force_load,$(TENSORFLOW)/tensorflow/contrib/makefile/gen/protobuf-host/lib/libprotobuf.a -lstdc++ -lz -lpthread
I've been working on this for a while now, and can't seem to make sense of the situation - partly bceause I don't fully understand what's going on (which is why I came here).
I'm doing a sort of boost hello world as follows:
#include <boost/thread/thread.hpp>
#include <cstdio>
void helloworld() {
std::printf("HELLO FROM A BOOST THREAD!");
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
boost::thread t(&helloworld);
t.join();
}
This is on Windows. I stored the Boost directory in C:\Boost. I ran bootstrap and bjam, and now have a stage/lib folder that contains all the .lib files. The lib files relating to the boost/thread library are:
libboost_thread-vc100-mt.lib
libboost_thread-vc100-mt-1_46_1.lib
libboost_thread-vc100-mt-gd.lib
libboost_thread-vc100-mt-gd-1_46_1.lib
Now I compile:
g++ -c main.cpp -I/Boost
that line works fine, I get main.o. Then:
g++ -o test.exe main.o -L/Boost/stage/lib -llibboost_thread-vc100-mt
And that's where the trouble happens. First of all, If I didn't type the -l argument the way I did, MinGW couldn't even find the file. Meaning, if I tried:
-lboost_thread-vc100-mt
instead of the way I typed it above (and how I thought it should be done), ld would exit with no such file. Anyway, this is now the output I'm getting from that line:
main.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x47): undefined reference to `_imp___ZN5boost6thread4joinEv'
main.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x55): undefined reference to `_imp___ZN5boost6threadD1Ev'
main.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x70): undefined reference to `_imp___ZN5boost6threadD1Ev'
main.o:main.cpp:(.text$_ZN5boost6threadC1IPFvvEEET_NS_10disable_ifINS_14is_convertibleIRS4_NS_6detail13thread_move_tIS4_EEEEPNS0_5dummyEE4typeE[boost::thread::thread<void (*)()>(void (*)(), boost::disable_if<boost::is_convertible<void (*&)(), boost::detail::thread_move_t<void (*)()> >, boost::thread::dummy*>::type)]+0x23): undefined reference to `_imp___ZN5boost6thread12start_threadEv'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
Now somewhere in there, I can tell that these are apparently the functions I'm supposed to be getting from boost/thread, and apparently it does find the lib file, so why isn't it linking correctly?
Thank you very much for any help!
EDIT:
I've rebuilt boost using the bjam "stage" option
bjam toolset=gcc stage
Now, after the build completes, I'm left with a stage/lib folder with .a files, as is to be expected. These are the boost/thread related libraries:
libboost_thread-mgw45-mt-1_46_1.a
libboost_thread-mgw45-mt-d-1_46_1.a
However, linking as follows:
g++ -o test.exe main.o -L/Boost/stage/lib -lboost_thread-mgw45-mt-1_46_1
outputs the exact same errors. Also tried:
g++ -o test.exe main.o -L/Boost/stage/lib -lboost_thread-mgw45-mt-1_46_1 -static
I'm at a loss, still.
Solved the problem. Boost's headers are configured to be dynamically linked, but the dynamic libraries (dll's) are not built unless you specify:
--build-type=complete
when invoking bjam. After that, copy the appropriate dll to your application directory, but still use the
-L/BOOST_DIR/stage/lib -lname
when linking.
This set of library files:
libboost_thread-vc100-mt.lib
libboost_thread-vc100-mt-1_46_1.lib
libboost_thread-vc100-mt-gd.lib
libboost_thread-vc100-mt-gd-1_46_1.lib
are for the Visual Studio 2010 compiler. They won't work with GCC. If you want to use gcc/MinGW, you'll need to download/build a set of boost libraries for that compiler. Alternatively you can install VS 2010 and use that compiler (the free VC++ 2010 Express version should work fine if cost is an issue).
You can get a MinGW distribution with Boost already in the package from http://nuwen.net/mingw.html (32-bit target only, I believe).
To answer about getting the errors with using the MinGW libs:
The _imp_ prefixes on the symbols is an indication that g++ is looking to link to a a dll/shared library. The .lib file you have are for static libraries (which is what also what I get when doing a straightforward bjam build of the libraries). If you look in boost/thread/detail/config.hpp you'll see that for Win32 builds it defaults to building against a DLL library unless the MSVC or Intel compiler is being used.
I'm not even sure exactly how to build the DLL libraries - I'll have to look it up. In the meantime, you can use the following command to build your example such that it'll link against the static library. The BOOST_THREAD_USE_LIB macro build the .cpp file such that it'll expect to link against the static library:
g++ -I/Boost -DBOOST_THREAD_USE_LIB -c main.cpp
I looked at this post, but it did not help. Builder returns me this:
/cygdrive/c/Users/Itun/workspace/VoxEngine/Debug/../src/main.cpp:30: undefined reference to _glEnable
/cygdrive/c/Users/Itun/workspace/VoxEngine/Debug/../src/main.cpp:31: undefined reference to _glClearColor'`.
What do -lglut32 -lglu32 -lopengl32 flags mean? Where are the libs?
How to create OpenGL project under Cygwin with Eclipse?
UPDATE:
I add -I/usr/include/opengl to g++ and it starts to work. In this folder there is a single file GL.dll. How does this dll influence to the compilation?
The flag -l -lglut32 -lglu32 -lopengl32 tell the linker to link against libraries libglut32, libglu32 and libopengl32
However your error indicated you didn't include any OpenGL header files. (#include <GL/gl.h>, #include <GL/glu.h>)
Cygwin keeps to the Unix way and places libraries in $CYGWINPREFIX/usr/lib and includes in $CYGWINPREFIX/usr/include.
I have this assignment due that requires the usage of FLTK. The code is given to us and it should compile straight off of the bat, but I am having linking errors and do not know which other libraries I need to include.
I currently have "opengl32", "fltk_gl", "glu32", and "fltk" included (-l), each of which seem to reduce the number of errors. I compiled FLTK using make with no specified options. Including all of the produced library files doesn't fix the problem, and I'm convinced that it's just some Windows specific problem.
Compile log:
**** Build of configuration Debug for project CG5 ****
make all
Building target: CG5.exe
Invoking: Cygwin C++ Linker
g++ -o"CG5.exe" ./src/draw_routines.o ./src/gl_window.o ./src/my_shapes.o ./src/shape.o ./src/shapes_ui.o ./src/tesselation.o -lopengl32 -lfltk_z -lfltk_gl -lglu32 -lfltk
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/3.4.4/../../../libfltk_gl.a(Fl_Gl_Window.o):Fl_Gl_Window.cxx:(.text+0x197): undefined reference to `_SelectPalette#12'
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/3.4.4/../../../libfltk_gl.a(Fl_Gl_Window.o):Fl_Gl_Window.cxx:(.text+0x1a7): undefined reference to `_RealizePalette#4'
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/3.4.4/../../../libfltk_gl.a(Fl_Gl_Window.o):Fl_Gl_Window.cxx:(.text+0x1fe): undefined reference to `_glDrawBuffer#4'
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/3.4.4/../../../libfltk_gl.a(Fl_Gl_Window.o):Fl_Gl_Window.cxx:(.text+0x20d): undefined reference to `_glReadBuffer#4'
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/3.4.4/../../../libfltk_gl.a(Fl_Gl_Window.o):Fl_Gl_Window.cxx:(.text+0x23a): undefined reference to `_glGetIntegerv#8'
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/3.4.4/../../../libfltk_gl.a(Fl_Gl_Window.o):Fl_Gl_Window.cxx:(.text+0x2c3): undefined reference to `_glOrtho#48'
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-cygwin/3.4.4/../../../libfltk_gl.a(Fl_Gl_Window.o):Fl_Gl_Window.cxx:(.text+0x2f3): undefined reference to `_SwapBuffers#4'
...and lots more
Thanks a ton for the help.
EDIT: These first few lines are obviously OpenGL related, although I'm still not sure what additional libraries need to be included.
Just a guess: your makefile was written for Linux, and on Cygwin some libraries are either missing or in a different place. You're going to have to examine the makefile, locate the missing libraries, and either move the libs to where the makefile expects them or change the makefile to look in the right place.
The libraries it needs are listed on the line starting g++ (prepend 'lib' to the names after the -l flags)
Sorry for the lack of closure, but I just booted into my Linux netbook and got it working.
-lfltk -lfltk_gl -lGLU -lGL -lXext -lX11 -lm