I have a problem with a c++ code I just written. The code is a sample of the Builder design pattern. I created an abstract builder class, and two classes inherited from this class: MonsterBuilder and RuffianBuilder. I created a Builder class, this class receives a Monster or a RuffianBuilder, and constructs a new instance of these classes. The problem comes here: if the MonsterBuilder class is used to build a new instance the program terminates with an error (a.exe has stopped working). If the Builder receives a RuffianBuilder, it constructs a new instance without an error. Here is the sample code:
#include <iostream>
class Character
{
private:
// Attributes
int dex;
int str;
int end;
// skills
int lockpick;
int guns;
int sneak;
/***************************************** Setters ********************************************************/
// Attribute setters
public:
void setStrength(const int &s)
{
this->str = s;
}
void setDexterity(const int &d)
{
this->dex = d;
}
void setEndurance(const int &e)
{
this->str = e;
}
// Skill setters
void setLockpick(const int &s)
{
this->lockpick = s;
}
void setSneak(const int &s)
{
this->sneak = s;
}
void setGuns(const int &s)
{
this->guns = s;
}
int getGuns()
{
return this->guns;
}
int getStrength()
{
return this->str;
}
};
/* Abstract builder */
class CharacterBuilder
{
protected:
Character * int_character;
public:
Character * getCharacter()
{
return int_character;
}
void buildCharacter()
{
int_character = new Character;
}
virtual void buildSkills() = 0;
virtual void buildAttributes() = 0;
};
class MonsterBuilder : public CharacterBuilder
{
public:
virtual void buildSkills()
{
int_character->setLockpick(10);
int_character->setSneak(12);
int_character->setGuns(50);
}
virtual void buildAttributes()
{
int_character->setStrength(5);
int_character->setDexterity(5);
int_character->setEndurance(5);
}
};
class RuffianBuilder : public CharacterBuilder
{
public:
virtual void buildSkills()
{
int_character->setLockpick(10);
int_character->setSneak(12);
int_character->setGuns(50);
}
virtual void buildAttributes()
{
int_character->setStrength(5);
int_character->setDexterity(5);
int_character->setEndurance(5);
}
};
class Builder
{
public:
void setBuilder(CharacterBuilder * builder)
{
this->builder = builder;
}
Character * getCharacter()
{
return builder->getCharacter();
}
void buildCharacter()
{
//std::cout << builder->buildSkills;
builder->buildSkills();
builder->buildAttributes();
}
private:
CharacterBuilder * builder;
};
int main()
{
Builder B;
RuffianBuilder R;
MonsterBuilder Mo;
B.setBuilder(&R);
B.buildCharacter();
std::cout << B.getCharacter()->getGuns();
std::cout << B.getCharacter()->getStrength();
B.setBuilder(&Mo);
B.buildCharacter();
//std::cout << B.getCharacter()->getStrength();
return 0;
}
What causes this problem? Could somebody explain it?
Reading uninitlalized variable will cause undefined behavior.
I added builder->buildCharacter(); to Builder::buildCharacter() and then this code seems working well.
class Builder
{
public:
void setBuilder(CharacterBuilder * builder)
{
this->builder = builder;
}
Character * getCharacter()
{
return builder->getCharacter();
}
void buildCharacter()
{
//std::cout << builder->buildSkills;
builder->buildCharacter(); // add this line
builder->buildSkills();
builder->buildAttributes();
}
private:
CharacterBuilder * builder;
};
Related
I am new to QT started to try out some things with QMap as it seems like a useful tool. I already read some other forum threads but I wasnt able to answer my question. The user is supposed to add and edit different shapes via the GUI. For the shapes I first wrote an abstract base class:
#ifndef BASE_H
#define BASE_H
#include <QListWidget>
#include <QMap>
class Base
{
protected:
QVariantMap m_properties;
QString m_key;
void setKey(const QString& key){
this->m_key=key;
}
public:
Base(){}
virtual ~Base(){}
QString key(){
return m_key;
}
void setProperty(QString key, QVariant variant){
m_properties[key]=variant;
}
virtual void toRTC()=0;
};
#endif // BASE_H
one example of a subclass is an ellipse with the following cpp file:
#include "ellipse.h"
Ellipse::Ellipse(int Start_x, int Start_y, int Rad_x, int Rad_y): rad_x(Rad_x), rad_y(Rad_y), start_x(Start_x), start_y(Start_y)
{
this->setKey("ellipse");
this->setProperty("radX", rad_x);
this->setProperty("radY", rad_y);
this->setProperty("startX", start_x);
this->setProperty("startY", start_y);
}
void Ellipse::set_rad_x(int rad_x)
{
Base::setProperty("radX", rad_x);
}
void Ellipse::set_rad_y(int rad_y)
{
Base::setProperty("radY", rad_y);
}
void Ellipse::set_start_x(int start_x)
{
Base::setProperty("startX", start_x);
}
void Ellipse::set_start_y(int start_y)
{
Base::setProperty("startY", start_y);
}
int Ellipse::get_rad_x()
{
return m_properties["radX"].toInt();
}
int Ellipse::get_rad_y()
{
return m_properties["radY"].toInt();
}
int Ellipse::get_start_x()
{
return m_properties["startX"].toInt();
}
int Ellipse::get_start_y()
{
return m_properties["startY"].toInt();
}
First off, is this a correct approach for the cpp file? I feel my approach is vary laborious.
In my main window file I thought about storing my data in a simple Vector QVector<Base *> data_storage;
Ellipse *e_values = new Ellipse(ui->Ellipse_Value_start_x->value(),ui->Ellipse_Value_start_y->value(), ui->Ellipse_Value_rad_x->value(),ui->Ellipse_Value_rad_y->value());
data_storage.append(e_values);
To load the data, I thought it would be a good idea to use the key to check which object of data_storage I want to load, but I don't really know how I can access the data which is connected to my key.
if(data_storage[t]->key()=="ellipse"){
ui->Ellipse_Value_rad_x->setValue(data_storage[t]->) //how can I access the correct data?
}
I feel like I messed up the entire approach, like how to properly use keys, so how would I do that?
You need to declare all the behaviours you need in the base class. I don't see the need to have Base hold the data.
E.g. if you need to be able to read and write the UI, there should be methods to do that.
class Base
{
public:
virtual ~Base() = default;
virtual void toRTC() = 0;
virtual QVariantMap properties() const = 0;
virtual void writeUI(form_t * ui) const = 0;
virtual void readUI(const form_t * ui) = 0;
};
class Ellipse : public Base
{
int start_x;
int start_y;
int rad_x;
int rad_y;
public:
void toRTC() final { /* ??? */ }
QVariantMap properties() const final {
return { { "radX", rad_x }, { "radY", rad_y },
{ "startX", start_x }, { "startY", start_y } };
}
void writeUI(form_t * ui) const final {
ui->Ellipse_Value_rad_x->setValue(rad_x);
ui->Ellipse_Value_rad_y->setValue(rad_y);
ui->Ellipse_Value_start_x->setValue(start_x);
ui->Ellipse_Value_start_y->setValue(start_y);
}
void readUI(const form_t * ui) final {
rad_x = ui->Ellipse_Value_rad_x->value().toInt();
rad_y = ui->Ellipse_Value_rad_y->value().toInt();
start_x = ui->Ellipse_Value_start_x->value().toInt();
start_y = ui->Ellipse_Value_start_y->value().toInt();
}
};
If you don't want to tie your shapes to the UI, you could define a visitor interface, with a visit method for each shape type.
class ShapeVisitor
{
virtual void accept(Ellipse * ellipse) = 0;
/* virtual void accept(Rectangle * rectangle) = 0; // etc.. */
};
class Base
{
public:
virtual ~Base() = default;
virtual void toRTC() = 0;
virtual QVariantMap properties() const = 0;
virtual void visit(ShapeVisitor & visitor) = 0;
};
class Ellipse : public Base
{
public:
int start_x;
int start_y;
int rad_x;
int rad_y;
void toRTC() final { /* ??? */ }
QVariantMap properties() const final {
return { { "radX", rad_x }, { "radY", rad_y },
{ "startX", start_x }, { "startY", start_y } };
}
void visit(ShapeVisitor & visitor) final {
visitor.accept(this); // calls visitor::accept(Ellipse *)
}
};
class UIReadVisitor : public ShapeVisitor
{
form_t * ui
void accept(Ellipse * ellipse) final {
ellipse->rad_x = ui->Ellipse_Value_rad_x->value().toInt();
ellipse->rad_y = ui->Ellipse_Value_rad_y->value().toInt();
ellipse->start_x = ui->Ellipse_Value_start_x->value().toInt();
ellipse->start_y = ui->Ellipse_Value_start_y->value().toInt();
}
}
class UIWriteVisitor : public ShapeVisitor
{
form_t * ui;
void accept(Ellipse * ellipse) final {
ui->Ellipse_Value_rad_x->setValue(ellipse->rad_x);
ui->Ellipse_Value_rad_y->setValue(ellipse->rad_y);
ui->Ellipse_Value_start_x->setValue(ellipse->start_x);
ui->Ellipse_Value_start_y->setValue(ellipse->start_y);
}
}
I have an abstract class "Mark" and it has a child class "Int_num". I also have a "Subject" class. I want a pointer to the address in the memory of the "Mark" class to be written to the "mark" parameter when calling its constructor. What should I do to make the mark pointer point to the "Mark" class?" occurred, after the compiler complaint about "expression must have class type" or something like that in mark.print_mark()?
class Mark {
private:
int mark;
public:
virtual void change_mark(int);
virtual void print_mark();
virtual int return_mark();
};
class Int_mark : public Mark {
private:
int mark;
public:
Int_mark();
Int_mark(int);
~Int_mark();
void change_mark(int = 0);
void print_mark() const;
int return_mark() const;
};
Int_mark::Int_mark() {
std::string str_mark;
std::cout << "New mark: ";
std::cin.ignore();
std::getline(std::cin, str_mark);
str_mark = ltrim(rtrim(str_mark));
int new_mark;
try {
new_mark = stoi(str_mark);
} catch(...) {
std::cout <<"wq";
mark = 1;
return ;
}
try {
if((new_mark < 1) || (new_mark > 5))
throw 1;
else
mark = new_mark;
} catch(int a) {
std::cout << "qw" << std::endl;
mark = 1;
}
}
void Int_mark::print_mark() const {
std::cout << "Mark: " << mark << std::endl;
}
Subject
#include "Mark.h"
#include <string>
#include <vector>
class Subject {
private:
std::string name_subject;
std::string type_subject;
unsigned hour_subject = 0;
void *mark = nullptr;
public:
Subject();
Subject(std::string, int);
Subject(std::string, bool);
~Subject();
void change_mark(unsigned);
void change_mark(bool);
void rename_subj(std::string);
void add_hour(unsigned);
};
Subject::Subject() {
std::string name_sub;
std::cout << "Введите название предмета: ";
getline(std::cin, name_sub);
name_sub = split_string(name_sub);
name_subject = name_sub;
int select = 2;
if(select == 1) {
type_subject = "Bool";
//mark = new Bool_mark();
} else {
type_subject = "Int";
mark = new Int_mark();
//What should I do to make the mark pointer point to the "Mark" class?
mark.print_mark();
}
}
main
#include "subject/Subject.h"
using namespace std;
int main() {
Subject q;
}
What am I doing wrong? How should I do this?
The pointer mark is of type void *. You could cast it with
static_cast<Int_mark*>(mark)
and call the function with
static_cast<Int_mark*>(mark)->print_mark();
But usually in OOP mark would be a pointer to the base class
Mark *mark = nullptr;
Now you can check for errors with
mark = new Int_mark();
auto *m = dynamic_cast<Int_mark*>(mark);
if (m)
m->print_mark();
Remember the virtual destructor in the base class
virtual ~Mark();
When to use virtual destructors?
Here is a fixed version of your code:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
class Mark {
public:
virtual ~Mark() = default;
//virtual void change_mark(int) = 0;
virtual void print_mark() const = 0;
//virtual int return_mark() const = 0;
};
class Int_mark : public Mark {
private:
int mark;
public:
Int_mark();
Int_mark(int);
~Int_mark() override = default;
//void change_mark(int = 0) override;
void print_mark() const override;
//int return_mark() const override;
};
Int_mark::Int_mark() {
std::string str_mark;
std::cout << "New mark: ";
std::cin.ignore();
std::getline(std::cin, str_mark);
//str_mark = ltrim(rtrim(str_mark));
int new_mark;
try {
new_mark = stoi(str_mark);
} catch(...) {
std::cout <<"wq";
mark = 1;
return ;
}
try {
if((new_mark < 1) || (new_mark > 5))
throw 1;
else
mark = new_mark;
} catch(int a) {
std::cout << "qw" << std::endl;
mark = 1;
}
}
void Int_mark::print_mark() const {
std::cout << "Mark: " << mark << std::endl;
}
class Subject {
private:
std::string name_subject;
std::string type_subject;
unsigned hour_subject = 0;
Mark *mark = nullptr;
public:
Subject();
Subject(std::string, int);
Subject(std::string, bool);
~Subject();
void change_mark(unsigned);
void change_mark(bool);
void rename_subj(std::string);
void add_hour(unsigned);
};
Subject::Subject() {
std::string name_sub;
std::cout << "Введите название предмета: ";
getline(std::cin, name_sub);
//name_sub = split_string(name_sub);
name_subject = name_sub;
int select = 2;
if(select == 1) {
type_subject = "Bool";
//mark = new Bool_mark();
} else {
type_subject = "Int";
mark = new Int_mark();
auto *m = dynamic_cast<Int_mark*>(mark);
if (m)
m->print_mark();
}
}
Subject::~Subject() {
delete mark;
}
int main() {
Subject q;
}
Since I did not correctly understand the question in the first place, here a way how you can call the member function of base class Mark by object of derived class Int_Mark:
Int_mark *mark = new Int_mark();
mark->print_mark(); // calls member of the class Int_mark
mark->Mark::print_mark(); // calls member of the class Mark
Make sure that Mark::print_mark() is also defined and not just Int_mark::print_mark()
I have the following code:
class ISubscriber;
class News {
public:
float getVersion() { return this->version; }
void setVersion(float state) { this->version= state; this->notifyAllSubscribers(); }
void attach(ISubscriber *observer) { this->subscribers.push_back(observer); }
void notifyAllSubscribers() {
for (vector<ISubscriber*>::iterator it = subscribers.begin(); it != subscribers.end(); it++){
(*(*it)).update();
}
}
private:
vector<ISubscriber*> subscribers;
float version;
};
class ISubscriber {
public:
News *news;
virtual void update() = 0;
};
class Subscriber1 : public ISubscriber {
public:
Subscriber1(News *news) { this->news = news; this->news->attach(this); }
void update() override { cout << "Subscriber1: A new version of the newspaper has been launched (v" << this->news->getVersion() << ")" << endl; }
};
class Subscriber2 : public ISubscriber {
public:
Subscriber2(News *news) { this->news = news; this->news->attach(this); }
void update() override { cout << "Subscriber2: A new version of the newspaper has been launched (v" << this->news->getVersion() << ")" << endl; }
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
News newspaper;
newspaper.setVersion(2.1f);
Subscriber1 sb1(&newspaper);
Subscriber2 sb2(&newspaper);
return 0;
}
But strange errors happened:
The first error points to this code (*(*it)).update(); in news class.
Why that errors happened, what's the reason?
(*(*it)).update(); requires the type ISubscriber to be complete, just the forward declaration is not enough.
You could move the defnition of ISubscriber before the one of News, and give a forward declaration of News before that.
class News;
class ISubscriber {
public:
News *news;
virtual void update() = 0;
};
class News {
public:
float getVersion() { return this->version; }
void setVersion(float state) { this->version= state; this->notifyAllSubscribers(); }
void attach(ISubscriber *observer) { this->subscribers.push_back(observer); }
void notifyAllSubscribers() {
for (vector<ISubscriber*>::iterator it = subscribers.begin(); it != subscribers.end(); it++){
(*(*it)).update();
}
}
private:
vector<ISubscriber*> subscribers;
float version;
};
I think the best way to explain my question is with a piece of code:
class IncreasingMultiplier {
protected:
IncreasingMultiplier(int initialMultiplier = 0, int incrementation = 1)
int getMultiplier() {
mCurrentMultiplier += mIncrementation;
return mCurrentMultiplier - mIncrementation;
}
void setMultiplier(int multiplier) {
mCurrentMultiplier = multiplier;
}
void setIncrementation(int incrementation) {
mIncrementation = incrementation;
}
private:
int mCurrentMultiplier;
int mIncrementation;`
}
class ConstMultiplier {
protected:
int getMultiplier() const {
return 10;
}
}
class NumberLogger {
public:
void log() {
int currentNumber = getNumber(); // How can I call this method?
std::cout << "Current number is " << currentNumber << std::endl;
}
}
template<
class MultiplierPolicy,
class LoggingPolicy
>
class Host : public MultiplierPolicy, public LoggingPolicy {
public:
int getNumber() const {
return mNumber * getMultiplier();
}
private:
int mNumber;
}
Basically, one policy may need to access members defined in the host class, which are in turn dependent on other policies supplied to the host class.
Thanks!
The following code compiles with VS2013 (have not tried with GCC):
#include <iostream>
class IncreasingMultiplier {
protected:
IncreasingMultiplier(int initialMultiplier = 0, int incrementation = 1)
: mCurrentMultiplier(initialMultiplier)
, mIncrementation(incrementation)
{}
int getMultiplier() {
mCurrentMultiplier += mIncrementation;
return mCurrentMultiplier - mIncrementation;
}
void setMultiplier(int multiplier) {
mCurrentMultiplier = multiplier;
}
void setIncrementation(int incrementation) {
mIncrementation = incrementation;
}
private:
int mCurrentMultiplier;
int mIncrementation;
};
class ConstMultiplier {
protected:
int getMultiplier() const {
return 10;
}
};
// Template the logger policy
// Unfortunately - couldn't get host inheritance CRTP pattern
// compiling in Visual Studio 2013 :(
// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiously_recurring_template_pattern
template < typename t_Host >
class NumberLogger /*: public t_Host*/ {
public:
void log() {
// This part of the CRTP pattern does work in Visual Studio 2013
int currentNumber = static_cast<t_Host*>(this)->getNumber(); // How can I call this method?
std::cout << "Current number is " << currentNumber << std::endl;
}
};
// Template based on a list of policies
template<
typename PoliciesList
>
class Host : public PoliciesList::MultiplierPolicy, public PoliciesList::LoggingPolicy {
public:
Host() : mNumber(1) {}
int getNumber() /*const*/ {
return mNumber * getMultiplier();
}
private:
int mNumber;
};
// Un-templated policies list
// Could create a macro to declare various policy combinations:
class ConcretePoliciesList_Const
{
public:
typedef Host<ConcretePoliciesList_Const> MyHost;
typedef ConstMultiplier MultiplierPolicy;
typedef NumberLogger<MyHost> LoggingPolicy;
};
class ConcretePoliciesList_Increasing
{
public:
typedef Host<ConcretePoliciesList_Increasing> MyHost;
typedef IncreasingMultiplier MultiplierPolicy;
typedef NumberLogger<MyHost> LoggingPolicy;
};
int main()
{
ConcretePoliciesList_Const::MyHost const_host;
ConcretePoliciesList_Increasing::MyHost increasing_host;
std::cout << "Const policy:" << std::endl;
const_host.log();
const_host.log();
const_host.log();
std::cout << "Increasing policy:" << std::endl;
increasing_host.log();
increasing_host.log();
increasing_host.log();
return 0;
}
The resulting output is:
Const policy:
Current number is 10
Current number is 10
Current number is 10
Increasing policy
Current number is 0
Current number is 1
Current number is 2
I have a big project where I faced a problem, which can be shortly formulated as following:
I had a class which is created temporally and used to process and modify some data (let's call it "worker"). Now I have two workers and two corresponding data formats. The data array can contain mixed data, how to make my programm automatically decide which worker class it should create and use for data processing? How to make this in the best way?
To illustrate this problem I wrote small example programm, which is analogical to my project.
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
const int NInputs = 10;
struct TOutput {
int i;
};
class TProcess {
public:
TProcess( const vector<TInput>& i ){ fInput = i; }
void Run();
void GetOutput( TOutput& o ) { o = fOutput; }
private:
vector<TInput> fInput;
TOutput fOutput;
};
#if 0
struct TInput {
int i;
};
class TWorker{
public:
void Init( int i ) { fResult = i; }
void Add( int i ) { fResult += i; }
int Result() { return fResult; }
private:
int fResult;
};
#else
struct TInput {
int i;
};
class TWorker {
public:
void Init( int i ) { fResult = i; }
void Add( int i ) { fResult ^= i; }
int Result() { return fResult; }
private:
int fResult;
};
#endif
void TProcess::Run() {
TWorker worker;
worker.Init(0);
for( int i = 0; i < fInput.size(); ++i )
worker.Add(fInput[i].i);
fOutput.i = worker.Result();
}
int main() {
vector<TInput> input(NInputs);
for ( int i = 0; i < NInputs; i++ ) {
input[i].i = i;
}
TProcess proc(input);
proc.Run();
TOutput output;
proc.GetOutput(output);
cout << output.i << endl;
}
The example is very simple, but that doesn't means that it's simply possible to transform it to one function --- it corresponds to big project. Therefore it is not possible to:
delete classes or functions, which already exists (but possible to modify them and create new)
make workers static or create only one copy of worker (each workers are temporary in many complicated functions and loops)
So how to modify it such that this will be something like this:
// TODO: TProcess declaration
struct TInput1 {
int i;
};
class TWorker1{
public:
void Init( TInput1 i ) { fResult = i; }
void Add( TInput1 i ) { fResult += i.i; }
int Result() { return fResult; }
private:
int fResult;
};
#else
struct TInput2 {
int i;
};
class TWorker2 {
public:
void Init( TInput2 i ) { fResult = i.i; }
void Add( TInput2 i ) { fResult ^= i.i; }
int Result() { return fResult; }
private:
int fResult;
};
void TProcess::Run() {
for( int i = 0; i < fInput.size(); ++i ) {
// TODO: choose and create a worker
worker.Add(fInput[i].i);
// TODO: get and save result
}
fOutput.i = worker.Result();
}
int main() {
vector<TInputBase> input(NInputs);
// TODO: fill input
TProcess proc(input);
proc.Run();
TOutput output;
proc.GetOutput(output);
cout << output.i << endl;
}
My initial idea was to use basic class and template functions, but there is no template virtual functions...
You've got the right idea with the vector<TInputBase> declaration in your second example -- you need to have a common base class for all inputs, and similarly for all workers:
class TInput {
}
class TInput1 : public TInput { ... }
class TInput2 : public TInput { ... }
class TWorker {
public:
void Init(TInput *input) = 0;
void Add(TInput *input) = 0;
int Result() = 0;
}
class TWorker1 : public TWorker { ... }
class TWorker2 : public TWorker { ... }
Note, however, that this means all workers can only take a TInput * as input and you will need to cast to the correct input class inside each worker class.
The simplest way to decide which worker class to use for a given input is to ask the input itself! You can have a virtual function in the input class that creates the right kind of worker:
class TInput {
virtual TWorker *createWorker() = 0;
}
class TInput1 : public TInput {
TWorker *createWorker() {
return new TWorker1();
}
}
class TInput2 : public TInput {
TWorker *createWorker() {
return new TWorker2();
}
}
If this is not possible for some reason, you can use typeid to determine the type of the input and create a corresponding worker instance.