Unable to compile c++ project in terminal - c++

My assignment is to make a binary expression tree to convert postfix expressions to infix expressions in C++. I originally coded all my work in my Xcode IDE and would periodically ssh to linprog4 in terminal to make sure it works there because it has to before I turn it in. I don't understand the errors that are popping up when I compile it using g++ -o proj4.x -std=c++11 proj4_driver.cpp BET.cpp
This assignment was due 2 weeks ago and unfortunately when I was turning in the tar file with all my files, I forgot to include the .tar extension. I don't think that would affect my files but now they aren't compiling and I don't understand the errors I am getting. Could someone skim through my code and see if I am missing anything? I've looked over my code and it doesn't look like I accidentally typed something randomly somewhere.
Here is a screenshot of the errors I am getting
BET.h
#ifndef BET_H
#define BET_H
using namespace std;
class BET {
private:
struct BinaryNode {
string data;
BinaryNode * parent;
BinaryNode * childLeft;
BinaryNode * childRight;
bool visited; // to tell if node has been visited to or not
// Construct a blank copy version BinaryNode when an
// object of BET is created
BinaryNode( const char & d = char{}, BinaryNode * p = NULL,
BinaryNode * l = NULL,
BinaryNode * r = NULL, bool v = false )
: data { d },
parent { p },
childLeft { l },
childRight { r },
visited { v } {}
// Construct a blank move version of BinaryNode when an
// an object of BET is created
BinaryNode( char && d, BinaryNode * p = NULL, BinaryNode * l = NULL,
BinaryNode * r = NULL, bool v = false )
: data { std::move(d) },
parent { p },
childLeft { l },
childRight { r },
visited { v } {}
}; // end of BinaryNode struct
public:
// constructors and destructor
BET();
BET( const string postfix );
BET( const BET & rhs );
~BET();
// help copy constructor
bool buildFromPostfix( const string postfix );
// copy assignment operator
const BET & operator=( const BET & rhs );
void printInfixExpression();
void printPostfixExpression();
size_t size();
size_t leaf_nodes();
bool empty();
bool isOperand(BinaryNode * n);
private:
BinaryNode *root;
size_t leaves, nodes;
bool useP;
void printInfixExpression( BinaryNode * n );
void makeEmpty( BinaryNode* & t );
BinaryNode * clone( BinaryNode * t ) const;
void printPostfixExpression( BinaryNode * n );
size_t size( BinaryNode * t );
size_t leaf_nodes( BinaryNode * t );
}; // end of BET class
#endif
BET.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <stack>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include "BET.h"
//using namespace std;
// default zero-param constructor
BET::BET() {
root = new BinaryNode;
leaves = 0;
nodes = 0;
}
// one-param constructor, where parameter "postfix" is a
// string containing a postfix expression. The tree should
// be built based on the postfix expression. Tokens in the
// postfix expression are separated by space
BET::BET(const string postfix) {
root = new BinaryNode;
buildFromPostfix(postfix);
}
// copy constructor
BET::BET(const BET & rhs) {
leaves = rhs.leaves;
nodes = rhs.nodes;
root = rhs.root;
}
// destructor
BET::~BET() {
makeEmpty(root);
leaves = nodes = 0;
}
bool BET::buildFromPostfix(const string postfix) {
// Create stack to hold variables
stack<BinaryNode *> s;
stack<BinaryNode> bet;
char token;
string temp;
int index = 1;
bool doubleDigit = false;
int opCount = 0, digitCount = 0;
//stringstream hexToInt;
// iterator through postfix
for (int i = 0; i < postfix.size(); ++i) {
// grab token at iterations index
token = postfix[i];
if ( (token > '0' && token < '9') || (token > 62 && token < 80)) {
// check to see if token is an operand
// create a dynamic object of BinaryNode
BinaryNode *operand = new BinaryNode;
// check to see if next index of postfix is digit
// if its not, then we know its a double digit
// this while loop should only continue as long as the
// next index is between 0 and 9
temp = postfix[i];
while (postfix[i + index] >= '0' && postfix[i + index] <= '9') {
temp += postfix[i + index];
index++;
doubleDigit = true;
}
if (doubleDigit == true) {
i += index;
doubleDigit = false;
index = 1;
operand->data = temp;
} else {
operand->data = postfix[i];
}
s.push(operand);
digitCount++;
} else if (token == '+' || token == '-' || token == '*' || token == '/'){
// check to see if token is operator
BinaryNode *operand = new BinaryNode;
operand->data = postfix[i];
operand->childLeft = s.top();
s.top()->parent = operand;
s.pop();
operand->childRight = s.top();
s.top()->parent = operand;
s.pop();
s.push(operand);
opCount++;
} else {
// if neither, must be space or other character
if (token == ' ') {
} else
return false;
}
}
if (digitCount <= opCount) {
return false;
}
root = s.top();
nodes = size();
//leaves = leaf_nodes();
// THINGS TO DO:
// Make error cases with if statements to return false at some point
return true;
}
// assignment operator
const BET & BET::operator=(const BET & rhs) {
root = clone(rhs.root);
return *this;
}
// public version of printInfixExpression()
// calls the private version of the printInfixExpression fuction
// to print out the infix expression
void BET::printInfixExpression() {
printInfixExpression(root);
}
// public version of printPostfixExpression()
// calls the private version of the printPostfixExpression function
// to print out the postfix expression
void BET::printPostfixExpression() {
printPostfixExpression(root);
}
// public version of size()
// calls the private version of the size function to return
// the number of nodes in the tree
size_t BET::size() {
return size(root);
}
// public version of leaf_nodes()
// calls the private version of leaf_nodes function to return
// the number of leaf nodes in the tree
size_t BET::leaf_nodes() {
return leaf_nodes(root);
}
// public version of empty()
// return true if the tree is empty. return false otherwise
bool BET::empty() {
if (nodes == 0) {
return true;
} else
return false;
}
// checks whether node is operand or not
bool BET::isOperand(BinaryNode * n) {
if (n->data != "+" && n->data != "-" && n->data != "*" && n->data != "/") {
return true;
} else
return false;
}
// private version of printInfixExpression
// print to the standard output the corresponding infix expression
void BET::printInfixExpression(BinaryNode * n) {
//BinaryNode * temp = NULL;
if (n != NULL ) {
printInfixExpression(n->childRight);
cout << n->data << " ";
printInfixExpression(n->childLeft);
}
/*
if (n != NULL && useP == true) {
printInfixExpression(n->childRight);
if (isOperand(n->parent) && n->parent != NULL && !n->childLeft) {
cout << "(";
}
cout << n->data << " ";
if (isOperand(n->parent) && n->parent != NULL && !n->childRight) {
cout << ")";
}
printInfixExpression(n->childLeft);
}
*/
}
// private method makeEmpty()
// delete all nodes in the subtree pointed to by n.
// Called by functions such as the destructor
void BET::makeEmpty(BinaryNode * & n) {
if (n != NULL) {
makeEmpty(n->childLeft);
makeEmpty(n->childRight);
delete n;
}
}
// private method clone()
// clone all nodes in the subtree pointed by n. Called by
// functions such as the assignment operator=
BET::BinaryNode * BET::clone(BinaryNode * n) const {
if (n != NULL) {
root->childRight = clone(n->childRight);
root->childLeft = clone(n->childLeft);
root->data = n->data;
}
return root;
}
// private method printPostfixExpression()
// print to the standard output the corresponding postfix expression
void BET::printPostfixExpression(BinaryNode * n) {
if (n != NULL) {
printPostfixExpression(n->childRight);
printPostfixExpression(n->childLeft);
cout << n->data << " ";
}
}
// private version of size()
// return the number of nodes in the subtree pointed by n
size_t BET::size(BinaryNode * n) {
if (n != NULL) {
size(n->childLeft);
size(n->childRight);
nodes++;
}
return nodes;
}
// return the number of leaf nodes in the subtree pointed by n
size_t BET::leaf_nodes(BinaryNode * n) {
if (n != NULL) {
leaf_nodes(n->childLeft);
leaf_nodes(n->childRight);
if (n->childLeft == NULL && n->childRight == NULL) {
leaves += 1;
}
}
return leaves;
}
Driver.cpp
#include "BET.cpp"
//using namespace std;
int main() {
string postfix;
// get a postfix expression
cout << "Enter the first postfix expression: ";
getline(cin, postfix);
// create a binary expression tree
BET bet1(postfix);
if (!bet1.empty()) {
cout << "Infix expression: ";
bet1.printInfixExpression();
cout << "\n";
cout << "Postfix expression: ";
bet1.printPostfixExpression();
cout << "\nNumber of nodes: ";
cout << bet1.size() << endl;
cout << "Number of leaf nodes: ";
cout << bet1.leaf_nodes() << endl;
// test copy constructor
BET bet2(bet1);
cout << "Testing copy constructor: ";
//bet2.printInfixExpression();
// test assignment operator
BET bet3;
bet3 = bet1;
cout << "Testing assignment operator: ";
//bet3.printInfixExpression();
}
cout << "Enter a postfix expression (or \"quit\" to quit): ";
while (getline(cin, postfix)) {
if (postfix == "quit") {
break;
}
if (bet1.buildFromPostfix(postfix)) {
cout << "Infix expression: ";
bet1.printInfixExpression();
cout << "Postfix expression: ";
bet1.printPostfixExpression();
cout << "Number of nodes: ";
cout << bet1.size() << endl;
cout << "Number of leaf nodes: ";
cout << bet1.leaf_nodes() << endl;
}
cout << "Enter a postfix expression (or \"quit\" to quit): ";
}
return 0;
}

Driver.cpp #include "BET.cpp" should be #include "BET.h"
Or (and this is just for completeness, not recommended), leave the include of the .cpp, but then only try to compile the one .cpp (as in g++ Driver.cpp) - since driver will include BET and so all your code is there and will build.

Related

Class Dynamic Array Bug

I am required to implement a dynamic array that adjusts, dynamically, in accordance with the number of value (temperatures) that are input into the code. I have written the majority of the code for this to be possible, however I have run into a bug and for the life of me, have been unable to locate the issue.
The program is supposed to output the values of temp_a, make temp_b = temp_a, output the value of temp_b, and then clear the value of temp_a, and finally output the values of temp_b once more.
However, when I compile the program, it outputs that the list is full and cannot add any more values, meaning there is a logic error somewhere in the code.
Please forgive me for the lengthy code, as soon as I can locate the error, the code shall be separated into multiple compilations.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class TemperatureList {
private:
int* temp; // pointer to dynamic array
short current_size; // current number of elements
short max_size; // max number of elements allowed in this list
public:
// Overloading assignment operator
void operator =(const TemperatureList& another_list);
// === Constructors ===
// Default constructor
TemperatureList();
// Constructor that accepts an integer parameter that specifies the max length of the list
TemperatureList(int max);
// Copy constructor that accepts another List as parameter
TemperatureList(const TemperatureList& another_list);
// Destructor
~TemperatureList();
// === Modifier functions ===
// add new_value to end of list if there is still space
void add_temperature(int new_value);
// === Accessor functions ===
// return current current_size of the list
short get_current_size();
// === Other functions ===
// return the last element, or 0 if the list is empty, with a warning output
int get_last();
// return element at the position-th position, or 0 if the list is empty, with a warning output
int get_temp(short position);
// returns if current_size == 0
bool set_temp(short position, int value);
// returns if current_size == 0
bool empty();
// returns if current_size == max_size
bool full();
// Output list separated by commas
friend ostream& operator <<(ostream& outs, const TemperatureList& list);
};
int main() {
TemperatureList temp_a;
temp_a.add_temperature(23.5);
temp_a.add_temperature(24.6);
cout << temp_a;
TemperatureList temp_b = temp_a;
cout << temp_b;
temp_a = TemperatureList();
cout << "Now there's no temperatures in a.\n";
cout << temp_a;
cout << "How about temperatures in b?\n";
cout << temp_b;
return 0;
}
void TemperatureList::operator =(const TemperatureList& another_list) {
delete[] temp;
current_size = another_list.current_size;
max_size = another_list.max_size;
if (current_size > 0) {
temp = new int[max_size];
for (int i = 0; i < max_size; i++) {
temp[i] = another_list.temp[i];
}
}
else {
temp = NULL;
}
}
TemperatureList::TemperatureList() {
current_size = 0;
max_size = 0;
temp = NULL;
}
TemperatureList::TemperatureList(int max) : max_size(max) {
current_size = 0;
temp = new int[max];
}
TemperatureList::TemperatureList(const TemperatureList& another_list) {
current_size = another_list.current_size;
max_size = another_list.max_size;
if (current_size > 0) {
temp = new int[max_size];
for (int i = 0; i < max_size; i++) {
temp[i] = another_list.temp[i];
}
}
else {
temp = NULL;
}
}
TemperatureList::~TemperatureList() {
//cout << "== I am in destructor ==\n";
delete[] temp;
}
void TemperatureList::add_temperature(int new_value) {
if (current_size < max_size) {
temp[current_size] = new_value;
current_size++;
}
else {
cout << "Cannot add value to the list. It is full.\n";
}
}
int TemperatureList::get_last() {
if (empty()) {
cout << "The list is empty\n";
return 0;
}
else {
return temp[current_size - 1];
}
}
int TemperatureList::get_temp(short position) {
if (current_size >= position) {
return temp[position - 1];
}
else {
cout << "There is no temperature\n";
return 0;
}
}
bool TemperatureList::set_temp(short position, int value) {
if (current_size >= position) {
temp[position - 1] = value;
return true;
}
else {
return false;
}
}
short TemperatureList::get_current_size() {
return current_size;
}
bool TemperatureList::empty() {
return (current_size == 0);
}
bool TemperatureList::full() {
return (current_size == max_size);
}
ostream& operator <<(ostream& outs, const TemperatureList& list) {
int i;
for (i = 0; i < (list.current_size - 1); i++) {
outs << list.temp[i] << ",";
}
outs << list.temp[i];
return outs;
}
The logic error seems to stem from the fact that you initialize your current_size and max_size to zero. So, unless your run the overloaded constructor (wherein you’re set the max_size), every call to addTemperature() is going to fail the (current_size < max_size) check because they are both equal to zero.

Adding multiple nodes to a tree C++

So I've been working on a project for school for sometime, and I've run up against a wall. My add_node function isn't working correctly, and I know why. What I'm trying to do is take in a file with multiple randomly generated letters, and create trees out of them, then make a confirmation.
The thing is that it overwrites the same node, instead of making multiple nodes. I figured this out using Visual studios debugger, but I have no idea what to implement to fix it. What happens is that instead of having multiple nodes create a tree (like gagtttca), it makes one node and overwrites it. The node becomes g, then a, etc. How would I go about adding more nodes to the tree without overwriting it? The add_node function is the very last one.
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <stack>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class myTreeNode
{
public:
char Data;
myTreeNode *childA; //A's always go in child1
myTreeNode *childT; //T's always go in child2
myTreeNode *childC; //c's always go in child3
myTreeNode *childG; //G's always go in child4
};
class Tree
{
public:
myTreeNode * Root;
Tree()
{
Root = new myTreeNode;
Root->Data = '-';
Root->childA = Root->childC = Root->childG = Root->childT = NULL;
}
bool add_a_word(string word);
bool is_this_word_in_the_tree(string word);
bool add_node(myTreeNode * parent, char letter);
bool add_words(vector<string> w);
};
bool get_words_from_the_file(char * my_file_name, vector<string> &vector_of_words);
bool get_the_reads_from_file(char * my_file_name, vector<string> &reads);
bool write_out_the_vector_to_screen(vector<string> my_vector);
bool write_out_the_vector_to_file(vector<string> my_vector, char * my_file_name);
ofstream out;
int main()
{
out.open("my_results.txt");
vector<string> words_in_genome;
char * genome_file_name = "my_genome.txt";//make certain to place this file in the correct folder. Do not change path.
if (!get_words_from_the_file(genome_file_name, words_in_genome))
return 1;
Tree * trees = new Tree();
trees->add_words(words_in_genome);
char * reads_file_name = "reads.txt"; //make certain to place this file in the correct folder. Do not change path.
if (!get_the_reads_from_file(reads_file_name, reads_to_be_tested))
return 1;
for (int i = 0; i < reads_to_be_tested.size(); i++)
{
out <<reads_to_be_tested[i] << " " << trees->is_this_word_in_the_tree(reads_to_be_tested[i]);
}
cout << "All done" << endl;
//Write out a file named "myResults.txt".
//For each read, list its sequence and either "Yes" or "No".
//This will indicate if it does or doesn't map to the genome.
/** Used for debugging
cout << "words" << endl;
write_vector_to_screen(words);
write_vector_to_file(words,"testing.txt");
cout << "reads" << endl;
write_vector_to_screen(reads);
***/
out.close();
}
bool get_words_from_the_file(char * my_file_name, vector<string> &vector_of_words)
{
int i, j;
int len = 0;
ifstream in;
in.open(my_file_name);
if (!in.is_open())
{
cout << "I could not find " << my_file_name << endl;
cout << "Check the location.\n";
return false;
}
char * my_word = new char[11];
while (in.peek() != EOF) { in >> my_word[0]; len++; }
in.clear(); in.close(); in.open(my_file_name);
for (i = 0; i<10; i++)
{
in >> my_word[i];
if (my_word[i]<97) my_word[i] += 32; //makes it lowercase
}
my_word[10] = '\0';
vector_of_words.push_back(my_word);
for (i = 1; i<(len - 10 - 1); i++) //read until the end of the file
{
//shift
for (j = 0; j<9; j++) my_word[j] = my_word[j + 1];
in >> my_word[9];
if (my_word[9]<97) my_word[9] += 32; //makes it lowercase
my_word[10] = '\0';
cout << i << "\t" << my_word << endl; cout.flush();
vector_of_words.push_back(my_word);
}
in.clear(); in.close();
return true;
}
bool get_the_reads_from_file(char * my_file_name, vector<string> &reads)
{
int i;
ifstream in;
in.open(my_file_name);
if (!in.is_open())
{
cout << "The read file " << my_file_name << " could not be opened.\nCheck the location.\n";
return false;
}
char * word = new char[20]; //this is a default, we'll be looking at words of size 10
while (in.peek() != EOF)
{
in.getline(word, 20, '\n');
for (i = 0; i<10; i++) { if (word[i]<97) word[i] += 32; } //makes it lowercase
reads.push_back(word);
}
in.clear(); in.close();
delete word;
return true;
}
bool write_out_the_vector_to_screen(vector<string> my_vector)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < my_vector.size(); i++)
{
cout << my_vector[i].c_str() << endl;
}
return true;
}
bool write_out_the_vector_to_file(vector<string> my_vector, char * my_file_name)
{
ofstream out;
out.open(my_file_name);
int i;
for (i = 0; i<my_vector.size(); i++)
out << my_vector[i].c_str()<< endl;
out.clear();
out.close();
return true;
}
bool Tree::add_words(vector<string> w)
{
for (int i = 0; i < w.size(); i++)
add_a_word(w[i]);
return true;
}
bool Tree::add_a_word(string word)
{
myTreeNode * tempNode = new myTreeNode;
tempNode = Root;
if (tempNode == NULL)
{
cout << "The tree is empty" << endl;
}
else
{
while (tempNode != NULL)
{
for (int i = 0; i < word.size(); i++)
{
if (word[i] == 'a')
{
if (tempNode->childA != NULL)
tempNode = tempNode->childA;
else
{
add_node(tempNode, word[i]);//add a node: what letter, who's my parent
tempNode = tempNode->childA;
}
}
else if (word[i]== 'g')
{
if (tempNode->childG != NULL)
tempNode = tempNode->childG;
else
{
add_node(tempNode, word[i]);
tempNode = tempNode->childG;
}
}
else if (word[i] == 'c')
{
if (tempNode->childC != NULL)
tempNode = tempNode->childG;
else
{
add_node(tempNode, word[i]);
tempNode = tempNode->childC;
}
}
else if (word[i] == 't')
{
if (tempNode->childT != NULL)
tempNode = tempNode->childT;
else
{
add_node(tempNode, word[i]);
tempNode = tempNode->childT;
}
}
else
{
cout << "The tree is full, or can't find data" << endl;
return NULL;
break;
}
}
}
}
}
bool Tree::is_this_word_in_the_tree(string word)
{
myTreeNode * tempNode = new myTreeNode;
tempNode = Root;
char com1, com2, com3, com4;
if (tempNode == NULL)
{
cout << "The tree is empty. Sorry" << endl;
}
else
{
while (tempNode != NULL)
{
for (int i = 0; i < word.size(); i++)
{
if (word[i] == 'a')
{
if (tempNode->childA != NULL)
{
if (tempNode->childA)
{
tempNode = tempNode->childA;
com1 = 'y';
}
}
else
{
com1 = 'n';
}
}
if (word[i] == 'g')
{
if (tempNode->childG != NULL)
{
if (tempNode->childG)
{
tempNode = tempNode->childG;
com2 = 'y';
}
}
else
{
com2 = 'n';
}
}
if (word[i] == 't')
{
if (tempNode->childT != NULL)
{
if (tempNode->childT)
{
tempNode = tempNode->childG;
com3 = 'y';
}
}
else
{
com3 = 'n';
}
}
if (word[i] == 'c')
{
if (tempNode->childC != NULL)
{
if (tempNode->childC)
{
tempNode = tempNode->childC;
com4 = 'y';
}
}
else
{
com4 = 'n';
}
}
}
out << com1 << com2 << com3 << com4 << endl;
if (com1 == com2 == com3 == com4)
{
out << "The test passed" << endl;
}
else
{
out << "The test failed" << endl;
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
}
bool Tree::add_node(myTreeNode * parent, char letter)
{
//Can't figure out how to fix error. Run-Time error is that it overwrites the node instead of adding it.
//How would i make it so it's a new node every time?//
myTreeNode * tempNode = new myTreeNode;
tempNode = Root;
tempNode->Data = letter;
tempNode->childA = tempNode->childC = tempNode->childG = tempNode->childT = NULL;
if (tempNode == NULL)
{
cout << "The tree is empty" << endl;
}
else
{
while (tempNode != NULL)
{
if (parent->childA == NULL && letter =='a')
{
parent->childA = tempNode;
}
else if (parent->childC == NULL && letter == 'c')
{
parent->childC = tempNode;
}
else if (parent->childG == NULL && letter == 'g')
{
parent->childG = tempNode;
}
else if (parent->childT == NULL && letter == 't')
{
parent->childT = tempNode;
}
else
{
cout<<"no"<<endl; //for testing//
return false;
break;
}
}
}
return true;
}
Like I stated before, this is a project. I'm not here looking for an easy way out. I just want learn how to fix my code.
The most fundamental problem in your code is the simple obviousness that you're not comfortable using pointers. From the looks of it you may have come from other languages where the vernacular of:
Type *p = new Type;
p = Something;
was common. It is anything-but-common in C++. As in C, dynamic allocation is managed by a returned address, which is saved, cared for, and if all goes well, eventually disposed of. Those addresses are kept in pointer variables. Pointers in C++ don't hold objects; they hold addresses.
That said, I'm not going to destroy everything you wrote. I'm not going to sugar coat this; it would be shooting fish in a barrel. I'm rather going to describe what you should be doing in add_node, show you where you went wrong, and finally proffer up a simple example that eliminates much of the cruft (file io, etc) in your existing code, focusing rather on the real problem at hand: tree node management and the pointer-jockeying that is needed to accomplish it.
The Task
You should be starting at the root node, and for each successive letter in your string, move down the tree. When you encounter a path you want to take, but can't because there is no node hanging there yet, that is when you allocate a new node, hang it, move to it, and continue the process until there are no more characters in your input string.
Your Code
That said, review the comments in the following
bool Tree::add_node(myTreeNode * parent, char letter)
{
myTreeNode * tempNode = new myTreeNode;
// this is outright wrong. you just leaked the memory
// you allocated above. this has no place here and
// should be removed.
//
// Note: the remainder of this analysis will assume you
// have, in fact, removed this line.
tempNode = Root;
// all of this belongs in your myTreeNode constructor.
tempNode->Data = letter;
tempNode->childA = tempNode->childC = tempNode->childG = tempNode->childT = NULL;
// this is flat-out impossible. Assuming you fixed your incorrect
// Root assignment mentioned above, you just allocated a new node
// therefore this can NEVER be NULL (an exception would have thrown
// on a failure to allocate).
if (tempNode == NULL)
{
cout << "The tree is empty" << endl;
}
else
{
// This NEVER changes. Nowhere in the code below this is
// tempNode ever assigned a different value. this loop
// should not even be here. A simple if-else-if stack or
// a switch on letter is all that is needed.
while (tempNode != NULL)
{
if (parent->childA == NULL && letter =='a')
{
parent->childA = tempNode;
}
else if (parent->childC == NULL && letter == 'c')
{
parent->childC = tempNode;
}
else if (parent->childG == NULL && letter == 'g')
{
parent->childG = tempNode;
}
else if (parent->childT == NULL && letter == 't')
{
parent->childT = tempNode;
}
else
{
cout<<"no"<<endl; //for testing//
return false;
break;
}
}
}
return true;
}
Sample Code
The following strips out all the file io, and most of the insanity regarding managing the tree. There are only two member functions, add_word and has_word (the latter used to validate something is indeed present).
What makes this code work is how a pointer-to-pointer is used in the addition and check functions add_word and has_word. For addition, we start at the root node pointer, and with each successive character in the input string, move down the tree. When a child pointer is hit that is NULL, we allocate a new node, hang it, and move on. The check function has_word does exactly the same thing, save for one difference: it doesn't hang new nodes. When it encounters a NULL where there shouldn't be one, it means something is wrong and the input word is not in the tree.
#include <iostream>
#include <random>
#include <string>
struct myTreeNode
{
char data;
myTreeNode *childA;
myTreeNode *childT;
myTreeNode *childC;
myTreeNode *childG;
myTreeNode( char c )
: data(c), childA(), childT(), childC(), childG()
{
}
~myTreeNode()
{
delete childA;
delete childT;
delete childC;
delete childG;
}
// squelch these
myTreeNode(const myTreeNode&) = delete;
myTreeNode& operator=(const myTreeNode&) = delete;
};
class Tree
{
private:
myTreeNode *Root;
public:
Tree() : Root( new myTreeNode('-')) { }
~Tree() { delete Root; }
// squelch these
Tree(const Tree&) = delete;
Tree& operator =(const Tree&) = delete;
// adds a given string into the tree if it isn't already there.
void add_word(const std::string& word)
{
myTreeNode **pp = &Root;
for (auto c : word)
{
c = std::tolower((unsigned int)c);
switch(c)
{
case 'a':
pp = &(*pp)->childA;
break;
case 't':
pp = &(*pp)->childT;
break;
case 'c':
pp = &(*pp)->childC;
break;
case 'g':
pp = &(*pp)->childG;
break;
default:
std::cerr << "skipping unsupported char '" << c << "'\n";
}
if (!*pp)
*pp = new myTreeNode(c);
}
}
// returns true if the given string is in the tree
bool has_word(const std::string& word)
{
myTreeNode **pp = &Root;
for (auto c : word)
{
c = std::tolower((unsigned int)c);
switch(c)
{
case 'a':
pp = &(*pp)->childA;
break;
case 't':
pp = &(*pp)->childT;
break;
case 'c':
pp = &(*pp)->childC;
break;
case 'g':
pp = &(*pp)->childG;
break;
default: // should never happen with proper input
return false;
}
if (!*pp)
return false;
}
return true;
}
};
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int main()
{
// setup a random device and some uniform distributions
std::random_device rd;
std::mt19937 rng(rd());
std::uniform_int_distribution<> dchar(0,3);
std::uniform_int_distribution<> dlen(3,8);
// our restricted alphabet. random indexes for creating our
// strings will be coming by indexing with dchar(rng)
char s[] = {'a', 't', 'c', 'g' };
// build set of random strings
std::vector<std::string> strs;
for (int i=0; i<20; ++i)
{
std::string str;
int len = dlen(rng);
for (int j=0; j<len; ++j)
str.push_back(s[dchar(rng)]); // push random char
strs.emplace_back(str);
}
// drop list of strins into tree
Tree tree;
for (auto const& str : strs)
{
std::cout << str << '\n';
tree.add_word(str);
}
// now verify every string we just inserted is in the tree
for (auto const& str : strs)
{
if (!tree.has_word(str))
{
std::cerr << "Word \"" << str << "\" should be in tree, but was NOT\n";
std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
std::cout << "All test words found!!\n";
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
Output (varies due to random generators)
gctccgga
agtccatt
gagcg
gtggg
tca
aga
cacaggg
cga
tgga
ttatta
cagg
aac
tatttg
gccttat
acctcca
tgagac
aagacg
tgc
aaccgg
tca
All test words found!!
Summary
I strongly advise you run this in the debugger and step through it with a firm grasp on the watch-window. Follow pointer trails to see how things set up as the program progresses. There are many things I did not talk about: proper construction, initialization, Rule of Three compliance etc. I also could have (and would have had this not been an academic case) used smart pointers such as std::unique_ptr<> or std::shared_ptr<>. I sincerely hope you get something out of this. It's only going to get worse from here.
Best of luck
I don't know why but
this :
Root->childA = Root->childC = Root->childG = Root->childT = NULL;
Doesn't look right for me, haven't done c++ for a while and nodes but i don't think that's how you gotta do it? Will check and edit this.

Creating a Reverse Polish calculator in C++

Assignment: For this assignment, you are to write a program, which will calculate the results of Reverse Polish expressions that are provided by the user.
You must handle the following situations (errors):
Too many operators (+ - / *)
Too many operands (doubles)
Division by zero
The program will take in a Polish expression that separates the operators and operands by a single space, and terminates the expression with an equals sign.
The program will continue to take and evaluate expressions until the user enters a zero (0) on a line by itself followed by a new line.
Problem 1: I am having a problem with telling the user that there are too many operators and operands. I tried to code it but I have no
idea where to begin with this.
Problem 2: I want the program to end when the user inputs 0, but it is not doing anything when I do it in my program.
#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#include<string>
#include<sstream>
using namespace std;
class Node
{
double data;
Node *top;
Node *ptr;
public:
Node()
{
top = NULL;
ptr = NULL;
}
bool isEmpty()
{
return top == 0;
}
void pushValue(double val)
{
Node *next = new Node;
next->data = val;
next->ptr = top;
top = next;
}
double popVal()
{
if (isEmpty())
{
cout << "Error: Too many operators" << endl;
}
else
{
Node *next = top->ptr;
double ret = top->data;
delete top;
top = next;
return ret;
}
}
//Displays the answer of the equation
void print()
{
cout << "= " << top->data << endl;
}
};
bool isOperator(const string& input)
{
string ops[] = { "+", "-", "*", "/" };
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
if (input == ops[i])
{
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
//This function tells the operators what to do with the values.
void performOp(const string& input, Node& stack)
{
double Val1, Val2;
int errorCheck = 0;
Val1 = stack.popVal();
Val2 = stack.popVal();
if (input == "+")
{
stack.pushValue(Val1 + Val2);
}
else if (input == "-")
{
stack.pushValue(Val1 - Val2);
}
else if (input == "*")
{
stack.pushValue(Val1 * Val2);
}
else if (input == "/" && Val2 != 0)
{
stack.pushValue(Val1 / Val2);
}
if (input == "/" && Val2 == 0)
{
cout << "Error: Division by zero" << endl;
errorCheck = 1;
}
if (errorCheck == 0)
{
stack.print();
}
}
int main()
{
cout << "Reverse Polish Notation Calculator!" << endl;
cout << "-------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;
cout << "Enter your values followed by your operators(Enter 0 to exit)" << endl;
string input;
Node stack;
//Checks the user's input to see which function to use.
while (true)
{
cin >> input;
double num;
if (stringstream(input) >> num)
{
stack.pushValue(num);
}
else if (isOperator(input))
{
performOp(input, stack);
}
else if (input == "0")
{
return 0;
}
}
}

AVL Tree Memory issues with destructor

I'm trying to implement AVL Tree in C++, but I'm stuck with the insertion, I have changed some things but nothing seemed to effectively solve the problem. I used Xcode's Address Sanitizer and I'm getting that error after inserting a second element into the tree:
Thread 1: Use of deallocated memory detected.
==3822==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-use-after-free on address.....
This is the implementation of the tree so far:
RoadTree.hpp
#ifndef RoadTree_hpp
#define RoadTree_hpp
#include "Road.hpp"
class RoadTree {
private:
struct TreeNode {
Road *key;
TreeNode *rightChild;
TreeNode *leftChild;
int height;
TreeNode() : key(NULL), rightChild(NULL), leftChild(NULL), height(0) { }
TreeNode(Road *r) : key(r), rightChild(NULL), leftChild(NULL), height(0) { }
};
TreeNode *root;
int numberOfRoads;
int GetHeight(TreeNode *n) const;
void SimpleRightRotation(TreeNode *&n);
void DoubleRightRotation(TreeNode *&n);
void SimpleLeftRotation(TreeNode *&n);
void DoubleLeftRotation(TreeNode *&n);
void Insert(TreeNode *&n, Road *r);
void ClearTree(TreeNode *&n);
void PreOrder(TreeNode *n) const;
public:
RoadTree();
~RoadTree();
void Insert(Road *r);
Road *FindRoad(string destination);
void ListRoads();
void ClearTree();
void PreOrder();
inline int RoadCount() {
return numberOfRoads;
}
};
#endif /* RoadTree_hpp */
RoadTree.cpp
#include "RoadTree.hpp"
RoadTree::RoadTree() : root(NULL), numberOfRoads(0) { }
RoadTree::~RoadTree() {
ClearTree(root);
}
void RoadTree::Insert(Road *r) {
Insert(root, r);
}
int RoadTree::GetHeight(TreeNode *n) const {
if (n == NULL)
return -1;
else
return n->height;
}
void RoadTree::SimpleRightRotation(TreeNode *&n) {
TreeNode *tempNode = n->rightChild;
n->rightChild = tempNode->leftChild;
tempNode->leftChild = n;
n->height = 1 + max(GetHeight(n->leftChild), GetHeight(n->rightChild));
n = tempNode;
tempNode->height = 1 + max(n->height, GetHeight(tempNode->rightChild));
}
void RoadTree::DoubleRightRotation(TreeNode *&n) {
SimpleLeftRotation(n->rightChild);
SimpleRightRotation(n);
}
void RoadTree::SimpleLeftRotation(TreeNode *&n) {
TreeNode *tempNode = n->leftChild;
n->leftChild = tempNode->rightChild;
tempNode->rightChild = n;
n->height = 1 + max(GetHeight(n->leftChild), GetHeight(n->rightChild));
n = tempNode;
tempNode->height = 1 + max(n->height, GetHeight(n->leftChild));
}
void RoadTree::DoubleLeftRotation(TreeNode *&n) {
SimpleRightRotation(n->leftChild);
SimpleLeftRotation(n);
}
void RoadTree::ClearTree(TreeNode *&n) {
if (n != NULL) {
ClearTree(n->rightChild);
ClearTree(n->leftChild);
delete n;
}
n = NULL;
}
void RoadTree::Insert(TreeNode *&n, Road *r) {
if (n == NULL) {
n = new TreeNode(r);
numberOfRoads++;
} else {
if (r->GetDestination() < n->key->GetDestination()) {
Insert(n->leftChild, r);
if ((GetHeight(n->leftChild) - GetHeight(n->rightChild)) == 2) {
if (r->GetDestination() < n->leftChild->key->GetDestination())
SimpleLeftRotation(n);
else
DoubleLeftRotation(n);
}
} else if (r->GetDestination() > n->key->GetDestination()) {
Insert(n->rightChild, r);
if ((GetHeight(n->rightChild) - GetHeight(n->leftChild)) == 2) {
if (r->GetDestination() > n->rightChild->key->GetDestination())
SimpleRightRotation(n);
else
DoubleRightRotation(n);
}
} else if (r->GetDestination() == n->key->GetDestination())
n->key->SetRoad(r->GetDestination(), r->GetCost(), r->GetInfo());
}
n->height = 1 + max(GetHeight(n->leftChild), GetHeight(n->rightChild));
}
Road *RoadTree::FindRoad(string destination) {
TreeNode *n = root;
while (n != NULL) {
string current = n->key->GetDestination();
if (destination < current)
n = n->leftChild;
else if (destination > current)
n = n->rightChild;
else if (destination == current)
return n->key;
}
return NULL;
}
void RoadTree::PreOrder(TreeNode *n) const {
if (n != NULL) {
cout << " " << n->key->GetDestination() << " ";
PreOrder(n->leftChild);
PreOrder(n->rightChild);
}
}
void RoadTree::PreOrder() {
PreOrder(root);
}
void RoadTree::ListRoads() {
}
void RoadTree::ClearTree() {
ClearTree(root);
}
And this is the implementation of Road:
Road.hpp
#ifndef Road_hpp
#define Road_hpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Road {
private:
string destination;
int cost;
string info;
public:
Road();
Road(string destination, int cost, string info);
inline string GetDestination() {
return destination;
}
inline int GetCost() {
return cost;
}
inline string GetInfo() {
return info;
}
};
#endif /* Road_hpp */
Road.cpp
#include "Road.hpp"
Road::Road() {
destination = "";
cost = 0;
info = "";
}
Road::Road(string destination, int cost, string info) {
this->destination = destination;
this->cost = cost;
this->info = info;
}
The only way I can insert more than 1 element is leaving the destructor blank, then no error shows, so I don't know what's causing it to fail. The error is showing up at the Insertion method, in the line that compares the elements in order to advance in the tree.
Update: Since this is part of a bigger project, I'm almost 100% sure that the problem isn't from the tree's implementation (I put the tree and Road class in a separate project and everything worked as intended). The full project has a class called Place, it has a name and info, as well as an AVL Tree for each place (where I store the place's roads). Those places are stored in a Hash Table (that I have implemented myself).
This is the implementation of the Place class:
Place.hpp
#ifndef Place_hpp
#define Place_hpp
#include <iostream>
#include "Road.hpp"
#include "RoadTree.hpp"
using namespace std;
class Place {
private:
string name;
string info;
RoadTree adjacentRoads;
public:
Place();
Place(string name, string info);
void InsertRoad(Road *r);
Road *FindRoad(string destination);
void ListRoads();
inline string GetName() {
return name;
}
inline string GetInfo() {
return info;
}
inline void SetPlace(string newName, string newInfo) {
name = newName;
info = newInfo;
}
inline void Write() {
cout << name << endl;
cout << "Info: " << info << endl;
}
};
Place.cpp
#include "Place.hpp"
Place::Place() {
name = "";
info = "";
}
Place::Place(string name, string info) {
this->name = name;
this->info = info;
}
void Place::InsertRoad(Road *r) {
adjacentRoads.Insert(r);
}
Road *Place::FindRoad(string destination) {
return adjacentRoads.FindRoad(destination);
}
void Place::ListRoads() {
adjacentRoads.ListRoads();
}
This is how I get a pointer from the Hash Table (if the full code is needed tell me):
Place *HashTable::Find(string key) {
unsigned long hashedKey = HashFunction(key);
list<Place>::iterator current;
for (current = table[hashedKey].begin(); current != table[hashedKey].end(); current++) {
Place currentPlace = *current;
if (currentPlace.GetName() == key)
return &*current;
}
return NULL;
}
And this is an example of a main that gives me the Thread 1: Use of deallocated memory detected. error
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
//Declare a HashTable to store Places
HashTable map;
//Declare some places
Place p1("Murcia", "10");
Place p2("Lorca", "11");
Place p3("Cartagena", "12");
Place p4("Zaragoza", "13");
Place p5("Madrid", "14");
Place p6("Galicia", "15");
//Insert those places into the HashTable
map.Insert(p1);
map.Insert(p2);
map.Insert(p3);
map.Insert(p4);
map.Insert(p5);
map.Insert(p6);
//Declare some roads
Road *r1 = new Road(p2.GetName(), 20, "asdgasdg");
Road *r2 = new Road(p3.GetName(), 61, "asdgsw2");
//Get a pointer of a place from the HashTable to insert roads in it
Place *p1f = map.Find(p1.GetName());
//Check if it's not null, if it's not then insert the first road,
//get a pointer of it and print the name
if (p1f != NULL) {
p1f->InsertRoad(r1);
Road *r1f = p1f->FindRoad(p2.GetName());
cout << r1f->GetDestination() << endl;
}
//Get pointer of a place again (each time you want to insert a road
//in a place you must get it's pointer from the HashTable
Place *p2f = map.Find(p1.GetName());
//Checks again and insert second road, then throws error after that
if (p2f != NULL) {
p2f->InsertRoad(r2);
Road *r2f = p1f->FindRoad(p3.GetName());
cout << r2f->GetDestination() << endl;
}
return 0;
Update 2: Added HashTable implementation
HashTable.hpp
#ifndef HashTable_hpp
#define HashTable_hpp
#include "Place.hpp"
#include <list>
class HashTable {
private:
list<Place> *table;
int numberOfEntries;
int currentTableSize;
float maxLoadFactor;
unsigned int HashFunction(string key);
bool LoadFactorExceeded();
void ResizeTable();
bool IsPrime(int number);
int NextPrime(int number);
public:
HashTable();
~HashTable();
void Insert(Place p);
Place *Find(string key);
void EmptyTable();
void ListPlaces();
inline int Count() {
return numberOfEntries;
}
};
#endif /* HashTable_hpp */
HashTable.cpp
#include "HashTable.hpp"
#include <algorithm>
const int START_SIZE = 101;
HashTable::HashTable() {
table = new list<Place>[START_SIZE];
numberOfEntries = 0;
maxLoadFactor = 2.0f;
currentTableSize = START_SIZE;
for (int i = 0; i < START_SIZE; i++) {
table[i].clear();
}
}
HashTable::~HashTable() {
delete [] table;
}
unsigned int HashTable::HashFunction(string key) {
unsigned long hashValue = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < key.length(); i++)
hashValue = 47 * hashValue + key[i];
return (hashValue % currentTableSize);
}
bool HashTable::LoadFactorExceeded() {
float currentLoadFactor = numberOfEntries / currentTableSize;
if (currentLoadFactor > maxLoadFactor)
return true;
else
return false;
}
void HashTable::ResizeTable() {
list<Place> *oldTable = table;
int oldTableSize = currentTableSize;
currentTableSize *= 2;
currentTableSize = NextPrime(currentTableSize);
table = new list<Place>[currentTableSize];
for (int i = 0; i < currentTableSize; i++)
table[i].clear();
numberOfEntries = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < oldTableSize; i++) {
list<Place>::iterator current;
for (current = oldTable[i].begin(); current != oldTable[i].end(); current++)
Insert(*current);
}
delete [] oldTable;
}
bool HashTable::IsPrime(int number) {
if (number % 2 == 0 || number % 3 == 0)
return false;
int divisor = 6;
while (divisor * divisor - 2 * divisor + 1 <= number) {
if (number % (divisor - 1) == 0)
return false;
if (number % (divisor + 1) == 0)
return false;
divisor += 6;
}
return true;
}
int HashTable::NextPrime(int number) {
while (!IsPrime(++number)) {}
return number;
}
void HashTable::Insert(Place p) {
unsigned long hashedKey = HashFunction(p.GetName());
list<Place>::iterator current = table[hashedKey].begin();
if (!table[hashedKey].empty()) {
for (current = table[hashedKey].begin(); current != table[hashedKey].end(); current++) {
Place &currentPlace = *current;
if (currentPlace.GetName() == p.GetName()) {
currentPlace.SetPlace(p.GetName(), p.GetInfo());
break;
} else if (current == --table[hashedKey].end()) {
table[hashedKey].push_back(p);
numberOfEntries++;
}
}
} else {
table[hashedKey].push_back(p);
numberOfEntries++;
}
if (LoadFactorExceeded())
ResizeTable();
}
Place *HashTable::Find(string key) {
unsigned long hashedKey = HashFunction(key);
list<Place>::iterator current;
for (current = table[hashedKey].begin(); current != table[hashedKey].end(); current++) {
Place currentPlace = *current;
if (currentPlace.GetName() == key)
return &*current;
}
return NULL;
}
void HashTable::EmptyTable() {
for (int i = 0; i < currentTableSize; i++) {
table[i].clear();
}
table = new list<Place>[START_SIZE];
numberOfEntries = 0;
currentTableSize = START_SIZE;
}
void HashTable::ListPlaces() {
list<string> places;
for (int i = 0; i < currentTableSize; i++) {
list<Place>::iterator current;
for (current = table[i].begin(); current != table[i].end(); current++)
places.push_back(current->GetName());
}
places.sort();
for (list<string>::iterator current = places.begin(); current != places.end(); current++)
cout << *current << endl;
cout << "Total: " << numberOfEntries << " lugares" << endl;
}
What could be causing the problem?
I'm not sure if this is it, but I noticed something: it looks like a linked list, and your recursive ClearTree function will attempt to free items repeatedly:
void RoadTree::ClearTree(TreeNode *&n) {
if (n != NULL) {
ClearTree(n->rightChild);
ClearTree(n->leftChild);
delete n;
}
n = NULL;
}
Assuming there are 2 elements in the list, and we call it with the first element:
ClearTree( firstElement );
It will then first
ClearTree(n->rightChild); // 2nd element
which in turn will first call
ClearTree(n->rightChild); // non-existing 3rd element: NOP
and proceed with
ClearTree(n->leftChild); // first element again
Maybe if you didn't get the error, this would recurse until you get a stack overflow?
You could simply remove the call to ClearTree(n->leftChild) to fix it; the function will recurse across the rightChild until it reaches the end, then delete the nodes from last to first when it backtracks.
Perhaps it's better to just iterate over the list: (untested, hope this works)
TreeNode * cur = n;
while ( cur != NULL )
TreeNode * next = n->rightChild;
delete cur;
cur = next;
}
n = NULL;
UPDATE
I've found the problem. Here's my debug output:
> g++ -O0 -g *cpp && gdb ./a.out
(gdb) r
Starting program: /home/kenney/roadtree/a.out
= INITIALIZING PLACES =
--> RoadTree[0x7fffffffe1a0] CONSTRUCTOR root: 0
--> RoadTree[0x7fffffffe1c0] CONSTRUCTOR root: 0
--> RoadTree[0x7fffffffe1e0] CONSTRUCTOR root: 0
--> RoadTree[0x7fffffffe200] CONSTRUCTOR root: 0
--> RoadTree[0x7fffffffe220] CONSTRUCTOR root: 0
--> RoadTree[0x7fffffffe240] CONSTRUCTOR root: 0
= INSERTING PLACES =
<-- RoadTree[0x7fffffffe340] DESTRUCTOR! root: 0
<-- RoadTree[0x7fffffffe360] DESTRUCTOR! root: 0
<-- RoadTree[0x7fffffffe380] DESTRUCTOR! root: 0
<-- RoadTree[0x7fffffffe3a0] DESTRUCTOR! root: 0
<-- RoadTree[0x7fffffffe3c0] DESTRUCTOR! root: 0
<-- RoadTree[0x7fffffffe3e0] DESTRUCTOR! root: 0
= CREATING ROADS =
These are the p1..p6 and the map.Insert(p1..p6). There's already a hint that something is wrong. Next this code is run:
cout << "= p1 =\n";
Place *p1f = map.Find(p1.GetName());
cout << "found " << p1f << " for " << p1.GetName() << "\n";
Producing this debug output:
= p1 =
<-- RoadTree[0x7fffffffe110] DESTRUCTOR! root: 0
found 0x6098f0 for Murcia
Then,
if (p1f != NULL) {
p1f->InsertRoad(r1);
Road *r1f = p1f->FindRoad(p2.GetName());
cout << r1f->GetDestination() << endl;
}
outputting this debug from RoadTree::Insert, indicating that the first if statement's 'then' is executed, assigning a new TreeNode to n:
n null, allocating.
--> TreeNode[0x609ad0] CONSTRUCTOR
allocated TreeNode 0x609ad0 key: 0x609a60 dest: Lorca
Lorca
So far so good, now the same again for p2. First the output of map.Find:
= p2 =
FINDING Murcia
<-- RoadTree[0x7fffffffe110] DESTRUCTOR! root: 0x609ad0
!!! RoadTree::ClearTree:: delete 0x609a60
<-- TreeNode[0x609ad0] DESTRUCTOR
found 0x6098f0 for Murcia
Next we continue to p2f->InsertRoad(r2); which is basically Place.adjacentroads.Insert aka RoadTree.insert:
n not null: 0x609ad0 key: 0x609af0
Note the address of n: this is the deleted TreeNode.
Here, the 'else' of the 'if' in RoadTree::Insert is taken since n != NULL:
if (r->GetDestination() < n->key->GetDestination()) {
is executed, causing:
Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x00007ffff7b9126b in std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(std::string const&) ()
from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6
(gdb) bt
#0 0x00007ffff7b9126b in std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(std::string const&) ()
from /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6
#1 0x00000000004046b3 in Road::GetDestination (this=0x609af0) at Road.hpp:20
#2 0x0000000000405121 in RoadTree::Insert (this=0x609900, n=#0x609900: 0x609ad0, r=0x609ab0) at RoadTree.cpp:75
#3 0x0000000000404c0d in RoadTree::Insert (this=0x609900, r=0x609ab0) at RoadTree.cpp:15
#4 0x0000000000404845 in Place::InsertRoad (this=0x6098f0, r=0x609ab0) at Place.cpp:14
#5 0x000000000040401d in main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffe5f8) at main.cpp:63
(gdb)
The fault is apparent in the n->key->GetDestination() which attempts to return a copy of a string that is already deleted, causing a segfault because some pointers are already overwritten.
The problem is in HashTable::Find, which does this:
Place currentPlace = *current;
if (currentPlace.GetName() == key)
return &*current;
which constructs a Place copy on the stack that gets destroyed when the method returns. The private fields of Place also get destroyed, including the string name, which was attempted to be returned by Road::GetDestination().
Replacing it with this with this solves it:
if (current->GetName() == key)
return &*current;
I'm not sure this is the only fix needed, but it's a step.

Symbol referencing errors from calling a member function of a template class

I'm writing a program that uses stacks to evaluate infix expressions read in from a file. Here is the code:
ptStack.h
#ifndef STACK
#define STACK
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template <class Item>
class Stack
{
public:
// CONSTRUCTOR
Stack( ) {top = NULL; count = 0;} // Inline
// MODIFIER MEMBER FUNCTIONS
void push( const Item& entry);
Item pop( );
// CONSTANT MEMBER FUNCTIONS
int size( ) {return count;} // Inline
bool is_empty( ) {return count == 0;} // Inline
private:
// DATA MEMBERS
struct Node
{
Item element;
Node *next;
};
Node *top;
int count;
};
#endif
ptStack.cpp
#include <cassert>
#include "ptStack.h"
using namespace std;
// MODIFIER MEMBER FUNCTIONS
template <class Item>
void Stack<Item>::push(const Item& entry)
{
Node *temp;
temp = new Node;
temp->element = entry;
temp->next = top->next;
top->next = temp;
count++;
}
template <class Item>
Item Stack<Item>::pop( )
{
Item value;
Node *temp;
value = top->next->element;
temp = top->next;
top->next = top->next->next;
delete temp;
count--;
return value;
}
infix.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include "ptStack.h"
using namespace std;
// PRECONDITION: op must be an operator
// POSTCONDITION: returns precedence of operator
int pr(char op)
{
int precedence = 0;
switch (op)
{
case '+':
case '-': precedence = 1;
case '*':
case '/': precedence = 2;
default : precedence = 0;
}
return precedence;
}
// PRECONDITIONS: optr is one of the following: + - * /
// opnd1 and opnd2 are numbers from 1-9
// POSTCONDITIONS: returns the result of the chosen mathematical operation
int apply(char optr, int opnd1, int opnd2)
{
int result;
switch (optr)
{
case '+': result = opnd2+opnd1;
case '-': result = opnd2-opnd1;
case '*': result = opnd2*opnd1;
default : result = opnd2/opnd1;
}
return result;
}
int main()
{
Stack<int> numbers;
Stack<char> operators;
char ch, optr;
int num, opnd1, opnd2, prec = 0, newprec;
ifstream in_file; // input file
char in_file_name[20]; // name of input file (20 letter max)
cout << "Enter input file name: ";
cin >> in_file_name;
in_file.open(in_file_name); // opens file to read equations
while (!in_file.eof())
{
cout << "Expression: ";
while(in_file >> ch)
{
if (ch == ' ')
{}
else
{
num = ch - '0';
if((num < 10) && (num > 0))
{
cout << num << " ";
numbers.push(num);
}
else if((ch == '+') || (ch == '-') || (ch == '*') || (ch == '/'))
{
cout << ch << " ";
newprec = pr(ch);
if(newprec >= prec)
{
prec = newprec;
operators.push(ch);
}
else if(newprec < prec)
{
optr = operators.pop( );
opnd1 = numbers.pop( );
opnd2 = numbers.pop( );
num = apply(optr, opnd1, opnd2);
numbers.push(num);
operators.push(ch);
}
}
}
if(in_file.peek() == '\n')
break;
}
num = operators.size();
while(num != 0)
{
optr = operators.pop( );
opnd1 = numbers.pop( );
opnd2 = numbers.pop( );
num = apply(optr, opnd1, opnd2);
numbers.push(num);
num = operators.size( );
}
num = numbers.pop( );
cout << endl << "Value = " << num << endl << endl;
}
return 0;
}
It looks like everything should work but when I compile it, I get this error message.
> g++ -c ptStack.cpp
> g++ infix.cpp ptStack.o
Undefined first referenced
symbol in file
_ZN5StackIcE4pushERKc /var/tmp//ccwhfRAZ.o
_ZN5StackIiE4pushERKi /var/tmp//ccwhfRAZ.o
_ZN5StackIcE3popEv /var/tmp//ccwhfRAZ.o
_ZN5StackIiE3popEv /var/tmp//ccwhfRAZ.o
ld: fatal: symbol referencing errors. No output written to a.out
I've been able to pinpoint the errors to the callings of the push and pop member functions in the main of the infix file. I tried defining them inline in the header file like the size function and it compiles just fine using g++ infix.cpp ptStack.h, but then I get a segmentation fault when I run it.
Does anyone know how to fix either of these errors? Thanks in advance.
Just compile all the .cpp files with g++
g++ ptStack.cpp infix.cpp