I need to implement a library with mathematical problems to test an algorithm I wrote in matlab. The library is called "cutest" (see here: http://ccpforge.cse.rl.ac.uk/gf/project/cutest/wiki/).
As I am using Ubuntu, it's not possible to install this thing via the homebrew repo. Therefore I was doing the manual installation and was able to install cutest and the problemdecoder "sifdec" (also downloadable ob the page above).
I am now stuck in the point, where I need to compile a binaryfile that can be used by matlab. I guess it has something to do with the compiler flags of fortran/gcc and a 32/64 bit thing (as I was already scrolling through other posts and google).
The Error I get is the following:
/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input file `/home/beck/CUTEst/cutest
/objects/pc64.lnx.gfo/double/mcutest.o' is incompatible with i386:x86-64
output
/usr/bin/ld: /home/beck/CUTEst/cutest/objects/pc64.lnx.gfo/double
/mcutest.o: file class ELFCLASS32 incompatible with ELFCLASS64
/usr/bin/ld: final link failed: File in wrong format
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
mex: link of ' "mcutest.mexa64"' failed.
The mex file is from matlab, I didn't modify it yet (nor the optionsfile for mex).
The settings for the makefile "pc64.lnx.gfo", which I created (automatically) via a terminal installation are the following:
# Architecture dependent makefile
# (automatically generated by install_cutest)
VERSION = pc64.lnx.gfo
# Basic system commands
CP = /bin/cp
MV = /bin/mv
RM = /bin/rm -f
SED = /bin/sed
GREP = /bin/grep
AR = /usr/bin/ar
RANLIB = /usr/bin/ranlib
# Directory for binaries
PRECIS = double
OBJ = $(CUTEST)/objects/$(VERSION)/$(PRECIS)
OBJS = $(CUTEST)/objects/$(VERSION)/single
OBJD = $(CUTEST)/objects/$(VERSION)/double
MOD = $(CUTEST)/modules/$(VERSION)/$(PRECIS)
SEDS = $(CUTEST)/seds/$(PRECIS).sed
MVMODS = $(MV) -f $(OBJ)/*.mod $(MOD)/ || true
# Compiler options
FORTRAN = gfortran-4.7
BASIC = -c -fno-second-underscore -fPIC
MODULES = -I$(MOD)
OPTIMIZATION = -O
NOOPTIMIZATION = -O0
DEBUG =
OPENMP = -fopenmp
F77 = -ffixed-form
F90 =
F95 =
NOFMAIN =
USUAL =
SPECIAL =
F77SUFFIX = f90
F95SUFFIX = f90
TIMER = GEN
NOT95 = IS95
NOT64 = IS64
AMPLDIR =
CC = gcc-4.7
CCBASIC = -c -ansi -pedantic -fPIC
CCONDEF =
CCDEBUG =
CCFFLAGS = -lgfortran
# Special flags
# Libraries
BLAS =
LAPACK =
CUTESTUSED =
# Shell used
BINSHELL = sh
# Set directories for optional packages
include $(CUTEST)/src/makedefs/packages
# Body of makefile
include $(PWD)/makemaster
I'd really appreciate any kind of help, this issue keeps me from going further with my master thesis.
EDIT: Added outputs of gcc-4.7/gfortran-4.7 -v
gcc-4.7 -v:
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc-4.7
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu/Linaro 4.7.4-3ubuntu3' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.7/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,go,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.7 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.7 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libmudflap --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --enable-objc-gc --with-cloog --enable-cloog-backend=ppl --disable-cloog-version-check --disable-ppl-version-check --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.7.4 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.7.4-3ubuntu3)
gfortran-4.7 -v:
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gfortran-4.7
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu/Linaro 4.7.4-3ubuntu3' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.7/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,go,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.7 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.7 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libmudflap --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --enable-objc-gc --with-cloog --enable-cloog-backend=ppl --disable-cloog-version-check --disable-ppl-version-check --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.7.4 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.7.4-3ubuntu3)
I was able to solve the problem with the help of an academic member of my university. In case anyone has/will have the same problem here is what worked for me:
As the toolchain was 64-bit and the only file that was generated in 32-bit was the mcutest.o the error had to be in combination with the mex compilation (cause only this file was compiled with the mex compiler of matlab).
Inside the folderstructure was a file called makemaster which holds the settings alredy choosen in the installation progress for gfortran and gcc, but also settings for mex (which i wasn't asked to modify yet). However, after some testing, adding the line CFLAGS='$(CFLAGS)' in the MFLAGS resulted in a 64-bit output file and the error didn't occur anymore.
Thanks for your help anyway!
Related
# g++ -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=g++
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/lto-wrapper
OFFLOAD_TARGET_NAMES=nvptx-none
OFFLOAD_TARGET_DEFAULT=1
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-7/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,brig,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --with-gcc-major-version-only --program-suffix=-7 --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-vtable-verify --enable-libmpx --enable-plugin --enable-default-pie --with-system-zlib --with-target-system-zlib --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --enable-multilib --with-tune=generic --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none --without-cuda-driver --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 7.3.0 (Ubuntu 7.3.0-27ubuntu1~18.04)
Well, I'm trying to compile my code staitcally with gcc:
g++ build/test.o -o build/test -std=c++11 -DCURVE_MNT4 -DNO_PROCPS -I ./src/ -static -lm -lff -lstdc++ -lgmpxx -lgmp -lprocps
that code works perfectly fine if you just run the same command without "-static" flag, but because of the project need, we have to compile this code statically, so we have to use "-static" flag and here are some logs:
# g++ build/test.o -o build/test -std=c++11 -DCURVE_MNT4 -DNO_PROCPS -I ./src/ -static -lm -lsnark -lff -lstdc++ -lgmpxx -lgmp -lprocps
......
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libprocps.a(pwcache.o): In function `pwcache_get_group':
(.text+0x1c8): warning: Using 'getgrgid' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libprocps.a(pwcache.o): In function `pwcache_get_user':
(.text+0x58): warning: Using 'getpwuid' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libprocps.a(readproc.o): In function `sd2proc':
(.text+0x1233): undefined reference to `sd_pid_get_machine_name'
(.text+0x1247): undefined reference to `sd_pid_get_owner_uid'
(.text+0x1296): undefined reference to `sd_pid_get_session'
(.text+0x12b1): undefined reference to `sd_session_get_seat'
(.text+0x12c7): undefined reference to `sd_pid_get_slice'
(.text+0x12dd): undefined reference to `sd_pid_get_unit'
(.text+0x12f3): undefined reference to `sd_pid_get_user_unit'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:22: recipe for target 'build/test' failed
make: *** [build/test] Error 1
any idea guys?
I hope there is a way to solve this problem, the "gcc " way or "ar -r" way or an alternative to “libprocps.a” is fine to me, I just want to know how can I compile successfully with flag "-static", thank you all
Recompiling libprocps without systemd support (--with-systemd=no) got rid of the systemd dependency and allowed #Will_Z to create a fully statically linked binary.
I'm trying to cross-compile a simple code snippet
1 #include <sys/socket.h>
2 #include <stdio.h>
3
4 int main()
5 {
6 printf("%d\n", SOL_NETLINK);
7 return 0;
8 }
with arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ (from Ubuntu) against Raspbian sysroot with --sysroot switch set to $SYSROOT
The compilation fails with this error:
test.cpp:6:20: error: ‘SOL_NETLINK’ was not declared in this scope
Even though $SYSROOT/usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf/bits/socket.h contains
the needed define.
So I figured that toolchain contains the mentioned header as well and it's included first. The latter header somehow doesn't have this SOL_NETLINK define. So I need a way to tell the compiler to prefer the toolchain's headers to sysroot's ones.
> arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/5/lto-wrapper
Target: arm-linux-gnueabihf
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu/Linaro 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.4' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-5/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-5 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libitm --disable-libquadmath --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --disable-browser-plugin --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-gtk-cairo --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-armhf-cross/jre --enable-java-home --with-jvm-root-dir=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-armhf-cross --with-jvm-jar-dir=/usr/lib/jvm-exports/java-1.5.0-gcj-5-armhf-cross --with-arch-directory=arm --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --disable-libgcj --enable-objc-gc --enable-multiarch --enable-multilib --disable-sjlj-exceptions --with-arch=armv7-a --with-fpu=vfpv3-d16 --with-float=hard --with-mode=thumb --disable-werror --enable-multilib --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=arm-linux-gnueabihf --program-prefix=arm-linux-gnueabihf- --includedir=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include
Thread model: posix
gcc version 5.4.0 20160609 (Ubuntu/Linaro 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.4)
#include <sys/socket.h> will include a file which is under the folder {include path}/sys/socket.h.
Include path can be any folder that you add with various options like gcc -I or --includedir. In addition there are some default include path, which you should be able to see with gcc -xc++ -E -v -.
Using gcc "-I" option will put the include path to search first, before any of the default include paths.
Now, this should give you enough information to understand that the include you give can't point to the file $SYSROOT/usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf/bits/socket.h as it isn't end with {include path}/sys/socket.h
Use -isystem flag with $SYSROOT/usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf
Albeit GCC can resolve triple (arm-linux-gnueabihf part) in the path, but it won't do so with --sysroot option.
Several months ago I ran a build file and working without any problem. after that, when I update Ubuntu 14 and run that again, got some unexpected errors:
running build_ext
building 'allthethings' extension
/usr/bin/gcc -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -arch
i386 -arch x86_64 -fPIC
-I/home/xin/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include
-I/home/xin -I/usr/include
-I/home/xin/anaconda2/include/python2.7 -c allthethings.cpp -o
build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/allthethings.o -fopenmp
gcc: error: i386: No such file or directory
gcc: error: x86_64: No such file or directory
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option ‘-arch’
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option ‘-arch’
error: command '/usr/bin/gcc' failed with exit status 1
I am not sure what is wrong, since the input source flag of file, is real simple:
export ARCHFLAGS=""
export CFLAGS="-arch i386 -arch x86_64"
The main part of the build_ext is shown bellow:
os.environ["CC"] = "/usr/bin/gcc"
os.environ["CXX"] = "/usr/bin/g++"
from distutils.core import setup, Extension
from Cython.Build import cythonize
from Cython.Distutils import build_ext
import numpy
print 'start'
setup(ext_modules=cythonize(Extension(
"allthethings", # the extesion name
sources=["allthethings.pyx", "channel.cpp", "setupandrun.cpp",
"file_output.cc", "network.cpp", "levmar.cpp", "mp_mat.cpp",
"str_double.cpp", "mp_mat_double.cpp", "libcla.c","setup.py"],
libraries=["lapack", "cblas", "fftw3", "m"],
language="c++",
extra_link_args=['-fopenmp'],
extra_compile_args=['-fopenmp'],
include_dirs=[numpy.get_include(),"/home/xin", "/usr/include"]
)))
Thanks for anyone help. I'm not sure, but maybe the error is due to recent updates of ubuntu14. It is very difficult for me to solve that, since I do not know what the error message means.
gcc -v shows:
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 4.9.3- 8ubuntu2~14.04'
--with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.9/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++
--prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.9 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id
--libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix
--with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.9 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls
--with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes
--enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-vtable-verify --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib
--disable-browser-plugin --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-gtk-cairo --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.9-amd64/jre
--enable-java-home --with-jvm-root-dir=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.9-amd64
--with-jvm-jar-dir=/usr/lib/jvm-exports/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.9-amd64 --with-arch-directory=amd64
--with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --enable-objc-gc --enable-multiarch
--disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32
--enable-multilib --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu
--host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.9.3 (Ubuntu 4.9.3-8ubuntu2~14.04)
I use ubuntu 12.04, my Makefile FC:gfortran, but I couldn't compile,
I checked on it, it installed(my gcc upgraded from 4.6.3 to 4.7)
How do I link to it?
I tried pkg-config --cflags --lib gfortran or gtkxxx, it says not in the pkg_config_path
I checked gfortran: COLLECT_GCC=gfortran
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5' -with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.6/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.6 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --with-system-zlib --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.6 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-plugin --enable-objc-gc --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
You don't need pkg-config to use gfortran; you just need to compile and link with the gfortran executable (and you can also use gfortran to link C code with Fortran code, and you could probably link using gcc with -lgfortran)
BTW, pkg-config accepts the --list-all option; with the command
pkg-config --list-all |grep -i gtk
you can understand that GTK is in fact gtk+-x11-3.0
You should also read the documentation of GFORTRAN; it has a chapter about mixed-language-programming
Of course you need to install the gfortran, gfortran-4.7 and libgfortran-4.7-dev packages
I'm debugging somebody else's Qt program and ran into the following error message which I don't understand:
DWARF-2 expression error: DW_OP_reg operations must be used either alone or in
conjuction with DW_OP_piece or DW_OP_bit_piece.
I'm not sure what that means and Google isn't of much help.
Here's the context - sLocation is a QString that was declared a few lines earlier. However, it was created from functions which were inlined, so I'm not sure of its value and am attempting to check before being appended to:
(gdb) printqstring suffix
(QString)0xffffbd80: "sorted"
(gdb) next
1241 sLocation += suffix;
(gdb) printqstring sLocation
Can't take address of "sLocation" which isn't an lvalue.
(gdb) info local
sLocation = <error reading variable sLocation (DWARF-2 expression error:
DW_OP_reg operations must be used either alone or in conjuction with
DW_OP_piece or DW_OP_bit_piece.)>
Could somebody please explain what that error message means or what could cause it?
The error message means that GDB is reading DWARF2 debug info from the executable, and is rejecting that info as invalid (not following the DWARF2 standard).
The invalid info is likely due to a bug in GCC, fixed in SVN revision 147187:
2009-05-06 Jakub Jelinek <jakub#redhat.com>
* dwarf2out.c (new_reg_loc_descr): Don't ever create DW_OP_regX.
(one_reg_loc_descriptor): Create DW_OP_regX here instead of calling
new_reg_loc_descr.
(loc_by_reference): If loc is DW_OP_regX, change it into DW_OP_bregX 0
instead of appending DW_OP_deref*.
I got the same problem running a Ubuntu 10.10 64bit. However, the same code on a 10.04 LTS 32bit works perfectly.
Here is the version output of both setups
Ubuntu 10.10:
$ gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu/Linaro 4.4.4-14ubuntu5' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.4/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.4 --enable-shared --enable-multiarch --enable-linker-build-id --with-system-zlib --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.4 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-objc-gc --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.4.5 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.4.4-14ubuntu5)
GCC on 10.04 LTS:
$ gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
Target: i486-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.4/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --enable-shared --enable-multiarch --enable-linker-build-id --with-system-zlib --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.4 --program-suffix=-4.4 --enable-nls --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-plugin --enable-objc-gc --enable-targets=all --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i486 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=i486-linux-gnu --host=i486-linux-gnu --target=i486-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.4.3 (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5
Cheers,
Andre