Defining whether the current system locale is RTL or LTR - c++

We develop a Windows API app where there is a context menu with nested submenus. We localize the app in several languages, including Hebrew.
As keyboard support is a must for us, we need to know whether the submenu should be opened upon right arrow (LTR) or left arrow (RTL) keypress.
Our developer does use the TrackPopupMenu() function described here on MSDN, but he needs to know when to set the TPM_LAYOUTRTL flag.
So the question is: how to define whether the current system locale is LTR or RTL to handle the menus properly?

I'm answering since we have found a solution (and a comment confirmed we are on the right way).
In order to define whether the current system locale is RTL or LTR, we should use GetLocaleInfoEx with LOCALE_IREADINGLAYOUT. MSDN says the following about it:
Windows 7 and later: The reading layout for text. Possible values are defined in the following table.
Possible values actually are:
0 — left-to-right (as in English);
1 — right-to-left (as in Hebrew or Arabic);
2 — Either read vertically from top to bottom with columns going from right to left, or read in horizontal rows from left to right (as in Japanese);
3 — Read vertically from top to bottom with columns going from left to right (as in Mongolian).

We use the following in-house code:
bool IsCurrentInputLanguageRTL ( void )
{
bool ret=false;
auto layout = GetKeyboardLayout(GetWindowThreadProcessId(GetForegroundWindow(), NULL));
auto lcid=MAKELCID(LOWORD(layout),SORT_DEFAULT);
LOCALESIGNATURE localesig;
// Windows XP and higher.
// Unicode subset bit fields: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd374090(v=vs.85).aspx
// Bit 123: Windows 2000 and later - Layout progress, horizontal from right to left.
if(GetLocaleInfoW(lcid,LOCALE_FONTSIGNATURE,(LPWSTR)&localesig,sizeof(localesig)/sizeof(WCHAR)) != 0)
ret = (localesig.lsUsb[3] & 0x08000000)!=0;
return ret;
}

Related

How to move cursor position when printing data in Linux Terminal using C++? [duplicate]

I'm currently designing a CLI interface for linux, and for various reasons I am not able to use ncurses. I am using exclusively C++ and the Qt framework.
Therefore, in order to have a user-friendly interface, I have to run this getch loop in a separate thread:
https://stackoverflow.com/a/912796/3605689
Which basically means I have to implement all basic functionalities (such as backspace) by myself. I have already implemented command completion and command history(like when you press tab or uparrow/downarrow in linux), but I can't figure out how to implement leftarrow/rightarrow (aka seeking through the typeahead).
Normally, I implement it like this: upon every gech which is not equal to -1, I check whether the user has pressed a special key (one that modifies the typeahead somehow). I then clear the stdout using the following function:
void inputobject::clear_line(int nletters)
{
QTextStream(stdout) << "\033[2K";
for(int i = 0; i < nletters;i++){
QTextStream(stdout) << "\b";
}
rewind(stdout);
}
And replace it with something else, effectively simulating the typeahead. For example, in the case of backspace, I would save the command call clear_line, and print the command out again, just with one less letter, behaving exactly as a normal console application would.
My real problem is with the cursor, in the case of left/rightarrow, I need to move the cursor visual in order to be able to indicate where in the text is the user seeking:
Because of the nature of how I rewrite the given stdout line to simulate the typeahead, it does not really matter where the cursor REALLY is, as long as it stays on the same line - it is just the visual that matters. How can I achieve moving the cursor visual on linux?
The answer was provided in the comment by Evilruff:
Cursor Movement
ANSI escape sequences allow you to move the cursor around the screen at will. This is more useful for full screen user interfaces generated by shell scripts, but can also be used in prompts. The movement escape sequences are as follows:
Position the Cursor:
\033[;H
Or
\033[L;Cf
puts the cursor at line L and column C.
Move the cursor up N lines:
\033[NA
Move the cursor down N lines:
\033[NB
Move the cursor forward N columns:
\033[NC
Move the cursor backward N columns:
\033[ND
Clear the screen, move to (0,0):
\033[2J
Erase to end of line:
\033[K
Save cursor position:
\033[s
Restore cursor position:
\033[u
Not using ncurses and co is a serious limitation.
It is hell to make correct input/output on shell for displaying anything.
The only others real solutions (I can't think as a solution to reimplement a ncurse-like library) I think of are:
making call to dialog (for some example www.linuxjournal.com/article/2807 and for the doc: http://linux.die.net/man/1/dialog)
using the framebuffer mecanism with Qt4 (here)

Strikethrough text in ncurses

I am developing a terminal TUI application for myself using the ncurses library. (Running on Linux)
I cannot seem to find much info regarding the use of a "strikethrough/strikeout" text attribute when adding a string to a ncurses window using addstr and friends.
The only information I've found online was on this site:
https://midnight-commander.org/ticket/3264
Ncurses will not add [strikethrough text] because the bitfield is already fully packed.
I was wondering if there are any workarounds to this, or any official way to do this.
Any help would be appreciated.
Thanks.
ncurses has 16 bits allocated for video-attributes. SVr4 curses used 8; XOpen Curses added 7. Those 15 are defined for X/Open Curses compatibility.
Referring to the X/Open Curses documentation, there are two sets of definitions:
A_ALTCHARSET Alternate character set
A_BLINK Blinking
A_BOLD Extra bright or bold
A_DIM Half bright
A_INVIS Invisible
A_PROTECT Protected
A_REVERSE Reverse video
A_STANDOUT Best highlighting mode of the terminal
A_UNDERLINE Underlining
and
WA_ALTCHARSET Alternate character set
WA_BLINK Blinking
WA_BOLD Extra bright or bold
WA_DIM Half bright
WA_HORIZONTAL Horizontal highlight
WA_INVIS Invisible
WA_LEFT Left highlight
WA_LOW Low highlight
WA_PROTECT Protected
WA_REVERSE Reverse video
WA_RIGHT Right highlight
WA_STANDOUT Best highlighting mode of the terminal
WA_TOP Top highlight
WA_UNDERLINE Underlining
WA_VERTICAL Vertical highlight
depending on whether the bits are stored in a attr_t or a chtype (X/Open and SVr4 respectively). In ncurses, those are the same (see the manual page), so that it does not matter if one refers to A_BOLD or WA_BOLD (Solaris xpg4 curses does store those differently).
Discounting the A_ vs WA_, the two lists are different. The newer ones from X/Open Curses are rarely used. Since ncurses doesn't know what it looks like on the screen, someone could add the corresponding terminfo capability to a terminal description and ncurses would handle it.
The terminfo manual page mentions these:
The XSI Curses standard added these hardcopy capabilities. They were
used in some post-4.1 versions of System V curses, e.g., Solaris 2.5
and IRIX 6.x. Except for YI, the ncurses termcap names for them are
invented. According to the XSI Curses standard, they have no termcap
names. If your compiled terminfo entries use these, they may not be
binary-compatible with System V terminfo entries after SVr4.1; beware!
(Explaining how to modify a terminal description can be found in thousands of webpages, and is off-topic for this forum).
Possible attributes in ncurses are:
A_NORMAL Normal display (no highlight)
A_STANDOUT Best highlighting mode of the terminal.
A_UNDERLINE Underlining
A_REVERSE Reverse video
A_BLINK Blinking
A_DIM Half bright
A_BOLD Extra bright or bold
A_PROTECT Protected mode
A_INVIS Invisible or blank mode
A_ALTCHARSET Alternate character set
A_CHARTEXT Bit−mask to extract a character
COLOR_PAIR(n) Color−pair number n
Functions like attron(), attroff(), attrset() may be used to work with attributes,
Strikethrough is not and will not be available.
If you know your terminal and want your software to be able to to work just on such an terminal type AND the terminal supports strikethrough, then you can use control characters or escape sequences to activate such a funcionality.
You can use Unicode for that:
(I know it's an old question, but I had a similar issue, and this is the top result for "curses strikethrough" on Google, so this answer might be helpful to someone.)
I made it work using Python, but the strategy should work in any language:
import curses
def strike(text: str) -> str:
# See <https://stackoverflow.com/a/25244576/4039050>
return "\u0336".join(text) + "\u0336"
def main(stdscr):
message = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
stdscr.addstr(strike(message))
stdscr.refresh()
stdscr.getch()
if __name__ == "__main__":
curses.wrapper(main)

Borland c++ console functions

I'm studing now and I got this homework / tasks to do:
1) If you press the CTRL + L key, all numeric symbols should change the color.
2) If you press the CTRL + S key, you will get the length of the word, left from the cursor.
I found this function int bioskey(int cmd);
So now I can check if the key is pressed, but how to change the color only of numeric symbols, or read words from console to get their length ?
Some of us still remember the MS-DOS (let it rest in peace or pieces...)
if you are really in MS-DOS then you can not expect that the content of the console would be changed in colors for only specific areas. You need to do that your self. The problem is we do not know anything about your project background so we do not know what and how yours stuff is represented,rendered/outputed/inputed etc...
I assume EGA/VGA BIOS text mode is used so you can exploit direct access to the VRAM. So you need to set pointer to the address B800:0000 and handle it as array where each character on screen has 2 BYTEs. one is color attribute and the other is ASCII code (not sure in which order anymore)...
So for already rendered stuff you just:
loop through whole screen
usually 80x25x2 Bytes
test each ASCII for alpha numeric value
so ASCII code >= '0' and code<='9' for numbers or add all the stuff you are considering as alphanumeric like code>' ' and code<='9'.
change colors for selected characters
just by changing the attribute byte.
When you put it together for numbers it will look like this:
char far *scr=(char far*)0x0B0000000;
int x,y,a;
for (a=0,y=0;y<25;y++)
for (x=0;x<80;x++,a+=2)
if ((scr[a+0]>='0')&&((scr[a+0]<='9'))
{
scr[a+1]=7; //attribute with the different color here
}
if it does not work than try swap scr[a+0] and scr[a+1]. If an exception occur then you are not in MS-DOS and you do not have access to VRAM. In that case use DOS-BOX or driver that allows access to memory like dllportio ...
For more info see some more or less related QA's:
Display an array of color in C
What is the best way to move an object on the screen?
If you got problem with the CTRL+Key detection not sure if in-build function in TC++ allows CTRL (was too long ago) then you can exploit BIOS or even hook up the keyboard ISR. See the second link where ISR for keyboard handler is there present... You can port it to C++ or google there must be a lot of examples out there especially TP7.0 (which is pascal but easily portable to TC++)

Linux - moving the console cursor visual

I'm currently designing a CLI interface for linux, and for various reasons I am not able to use ncurses. I am using exclusively C++ and the Qt framework.
Therefore, in order to have a user-friendly interface, I have to run this getch loop in a separate thread:
https://stackoverflow.com/a/912796/3605689
Which basically means I have to implement all basic functionalities (such as backspace) by myself. I have already implemented command completion and command history(like when you press tab or uparrow/downarrow in linux), but I can't figure out how to implement leftarrow/rightarrow (aka seeking through the typeahead).
Normally, I implement it like this: upon every gech which is not equal to -1, I check whether the user has pressed a special key (one that modifies the typeahead somehow). I then clear the stdout using the following function:
void inputobject::clear_line(int nletters)
{
QTextStream(stdout) << "\033[2K";
for(int i = 0; i < nletters;i++){
QTextStream(stdout) << "\b";
}
rewind(stdout);
}
And replace it with something else, effectively simulating the typeahead. For example, in the case of backspace, I would save the command call clear_line, and print the command out again, just with one less letter, behaving exactly as a normal console application would.
My real problem is with the cursor, in the case of left/rightarrow, I need to move the cursor visual in order to be able to indicate where in the text is the user seeking:
Because of the nature of how I rewrite the given stdout line to simulate the typeahead, it does not really matter where the cursor REALLY is, as long as it stays on the same line - it is just the visual that matters. How can I achieve moving the cursor visual on linux?
The answer was provided in the comment by Evilruff:
Cursor Movement
ANSI escape sequences allow you to move the cursor around the screen at will. This is more useful for full screen user interfaces generated by shell scripts, but can also be used in prompts. The movement escape sequences are as follows:
Position the Cursor:
\033[;H
Or
\033[L;Cf
puts the cursor at line L and column C.
Move the cursor up N lines:
\033[NA
Move the cursor down N lines:
\033[NB
Move the cursor forward N columns:
\033[NC
Move the cursor backward N columns:
\033[ND
Clear the screen, move to (0,0):
\033[2J
Erase to end of line:
\033[K
Save cursor position:
\033[s
Restore cursor position:
\033[u
Not using ncurses and co is a serious limitation.
It is hell to make correct input/output on shell for displaying anything.
The only others real solutions (I can't think as a solution to reimplement a ncurse-like library) I think of are:
making call to dialog (for some example www.linuxjournal.com/article/2807 and for the doc: http://linux.die.net/man/1/dialog)
using the framebuffer mecanism with Qt4 (here)

How do you output in languages that are read from right to left?

I'm curious how one handles output in languages (e.g. Arabic, Hebrew) that are read from right to left. Almost everything in C/C++ or any language I have seen is premised on outputting from left to right.
Is there a system call or something that will force a terminal, for example, to print right to left? Even so, inside a program strings are coded like string("this is a string"). Wouldn't it have to code something like string("string a is this") or some reverse function be used one everything?
I suspect that in practice, a system that is configured for a right-to-left language will have terminal settings the print from right-to-left, so that the internals of a C/C++ program need not worry about it.
If that doesn't reassure you, here's a hack:
string str = "The look on your face is priceless.";
cout << "\u202e" << str << endl;
At the lowest layers, there are the extended window styles for setting up a window in a "right to left" ordering: WS_EX_LAYOUTRTL, WS_EX_RIGHT, and WS_EX_RTLREADING. Also, the API call, SetProcessDefaultLayout with LAYOUT_RTL. The right combination of these flags and APIs means the (0,0) coordinate is the top right of the window and the x-axis increases linearly.
Here's a link to the classic MSDN article that explains all the fine details.