Django save two models with two foreign keys - django

One Article can have only 1 current Revision, but can have multiple revisions in history. Each Revision belongs to Article.
Models:
class Article(models.Model):
published = models.BooleanField(default=False)
current_revision = models.ForeignKey('Revision', related_name='current_revision', blank=False, default=None)
class Revision(models.Model):
article = models.ForeignKey('Article', null=True)
title = models.CharField('Title', max_length=250, blank=False, default='(no title)')
content = RedactorField('Content')
created_at = models.DateTimeField('Created at', auto_now=True)
slug = models.SlugField('Slug', blank=False, null=True)
View:
if article_form.is_valid() and revision_form.is_valid():
article = article_form.save(commit=False)
revision = revision_form.save()
article.current_revision = revision
article.save()
print(article)
revision.article = article
revision.save()
Is it okay to call save 3 times? Or is it possible to save 2 models with 2 saves?

It's ok to call save() 3 times, but, about your implementation.
I think, your models are not the best way to represent
One Article can have only 1 current Revision, but can have multiple revisions in history
Why not just, use a flag, to know if a revision is the current one, is better to check attributes than navigate between relationships
class Article(models.Model):
published = models.BooleanField(default=False)
class Revision(models.Model):
article = models.ForeignKey('Article', null=True)
title = models.CharField('Title', max_length=250, blank=False, default='(no title)')
content = RedactorField('Content')
created_at = models.DateTimeField('Created at', auto_now=True)
slug = models.SlugField('Slug', blank=False, null=True)
current = models.BooleanField(default=True)
#In your views
if article_form.is_valid() and revision_form.is_valid():
article = article_form.save()
#set prior current revision flag to False
last_current_revision = article.revision_set.filter(current=True)
last_current_revision.update(current=False)
revision = revision_form.save()
revision.article = article
revision.save()
In this way is less confusing.

Related

Django Filtering to Get Popular Posts

I have two different models. HitCount model stores IP addresses whose was viewed Post. And what i want is filtering popular 3 posts which viewed more. I've tried some queries but i couldn't. I am sharing my models with you.
class Post(ModelMeta, models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name='Başlık', unique=True)
slug = models.SlugField(max_length=255, unique=True)
author = models.ForeignKey(Author, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='blog_posts', verbose_name="Yazarı")
category = models.ForeignKey(Category, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='blog_posts',
verbose_name="Kategorisi", null=True)
tags = models.ManyToManyField(Tag, related_name='blog_posts', verbose_name='Etiketler')
image = models.ImageField(verbose_name='Fotoğraf (800x460)')
content = RichTextField()
description = models.TextField(null=True)
status = models.IntegerField(choices=STATUS, default=0, verbose_name='Yayın Durumu')
created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='Oluşturulma Tarihi')
updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name='Güncellenme Tarihi')
#property
def get_hit_count(self):
return HitCount.objects.filter(post=self).count()
class HitCount(models.Model):
ip_address = models.GenericIPAddressField()
post = models.ForeignKey("Post", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
def __str__(self):
return f'{self.ip_address} => {self.post.title}'
You can try something like this :
most_viewed_posts = Post.objects.all().order_by('-get_hit_count')[3]
I don't think that you can order by 'get_hit_count', but I think those questions can help you : Django order_by a property
Using a Django custom model method property in order_by()
I did what i want with sorted method. Thanks Alexandre Boucard for the resources.
Solution;
sorted(Post.objects.filter(status=1), key=lambda a: a.get_hit_count, reverse=True)
reverse=False as a default and it sorts ascending in this case i want to get reversed so i used reverse=True

Django Joining Tables

I am trying to get the information from one table filtered by information from another table (I believe this is called joining tables).
I have these two models:
class Listing(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=64)
description = models.CharField(max_length=500)
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=11, decimal_places=2, validators=[MinValueValidator(Decimal('0.01'))])
category = models.ForeignKey(Category, on_delete=models.CASCADE, default="")
imageURL = models.URLField(blank=True, max_length=500)
creator = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="creator", default="")
isOpen = models.BooleanField(default=True)
def __str__(self):
return f"{self.id} | {self.creator} | {self.title} | {self.price}"
class Watchlist(models.Model):
listing = models.ForeignKey(Listing, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="listingWatched", default="")
user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="userWatching", default="")
What I need to do is to get all the listings from a specific user Watchlist, the idea is to generate a page with all of the information of each of the listings that are in the user's watchlist. What should I do?
Thanks in advance!
Since is a foreign key, in Django you can access the information by calling the attribute
For example:
my_user = Watchlist.objects.get(pk=1)
print(my_user.listing.title)
You can also access to that attrbute in a query in case you need to filter upwards some value
values = Watchlist.objects.all().filter(listing__title='MyTitle')
my_titles = [x.title for x in values]
print(my_titles)
Or in your case, if you want to list all the title for a specific user
values = Watchlist.objects.all().filter(user='foo_user')
my_titles = [x.listing.title for x in values]
print(my_titles)
More documentation here

Django Many to Many Data Duplication?

Background
I'm storing data about researchers. eg, researcher profiles, metrics for each researcher, journals they published in, papers they have, etc.
The Problem
My current database design is this:
Each Researcher has many journals (they published in). The journals have information about it.
Likewise for Subject Areas
But currently, this leads to massive data duplication. Eg, the same journal can appear many times in the Journal table, just linked to a different researcher, etc.
Is there any better way to tackle this problem? Like right now, I have over 5000 rows in the journal column but only about 1000 journals.
Thank you!
EDIT: This is likely due to the way im saving the models for new data (mentioned below). Could anyone provide the proper way to loop and save hashes to models?
Model - Researcher
class Researcher(models.Model):
created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
scopus_id = models.BigIntegerField(db_index=True) # Index to make searches quicker
academic_rank = models.CharField(max_length=100)
title = models.CharField(max_length=200,default=None, blank=True, null=True)
salutation = models.CharField(max_length=200,default=None, blank=True, null=True)
scopus_first_name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
scopus_last_name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
affiliation = models.CharField(default=None, blank=True, null=True,max_length = 255)
department = models.CharField(default=None, blank=True, null=True,max_length = 255)
email = models.EmailField(default=None, blank=True, null=True)
properties = JSONField(default=dict)
def __str__(self):
return "{} {}, Scopus ID {}".format(self.scopus_first_name,self.scopus_last_name,self.scopus_id)
Model - Journal
class Journal(models.Model):
created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
researchers = models.ManyToManyField(Researcher)
title = models.TextField()
journal_type = models.CharField(max_length=40,default=None,blank=True, null=True)
abbreviation = models.TextField(default=None, blank=True, null=True)
issn = models.CharField(max_length=50, default=None, blank=True, null=True)
journal_rank = models.IntegerField(default=None, blank=True, null=True)
properties = JSONField(default=dict)
def __str__(self):
return self.title
How I'm currently saving them:
db_model_fields = {'abbreviation': 'Front. Artif. Intell. Appl.',
'issn': '09226389',
'journal_type': 'k',
'researchers': <Researcher: x, Scopus ID f>,
'title': 'Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications'}
# remove researchers or else create will fail (some id need to exist error)
researcher = db_model_fields["researchers"]
del db_model_fields["researchers"]
model_obj = Journal(**db_model_fields)
model_obj.save()
model_obj.researchers.add(researcher)
model_obj.save()
Here is how it works :
class Journal(models.Model):
# some fields
class Researcher(models.Model):
# some fields
journal = models.ManyToManyField(Journal)
Django gonna create a relation table :
Behind the scenes, Django creates an intermediary join table to represent the many-to-many relationship
So you'll have many rows in this table, which is how it works, but journal instance and researcher instance in THEIR table will be unique.
Your error is maybe coming from how you save. Instead of :
model_obj = Journal(**db_model_fields)
model_obj.save()
Try to just do this:
model_obj = Journal.objects.get_or_create(journal_id)
This way you'll get it if it already exists. As none of your fields are unique, you're creating new journal but there's no problem cause django is generating unique ID each time you add a new journal.

Django: Are multiple Generic Relations in one Model bad design?

I have a model with multiple Generic Relations that has become very complicated to use in my templates. The model is a 'Gig' or musical event that takes place at a 'Venue' and/or a 'Festival' and has a 'Musician' and/or an 'Ensemble'.
Where it gets complicated is that each 'Gig' has a presenter, promoter and an agent. These are setup as generic relations to other models such as 'PresenterCompany'. A Presenter company could be a promoter, presenter, or agent, or all of them for the same gig. Here are the models (simplified for ref):
class Gig(models.Model):
description = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True)
date = models.DateTimeField()
venue = models.ForeignKey(Venue)
festival = models.ForeignKey(Festival, blank = True, null=True)
musician = models.ManyToManyField(Musician, blank=True)
ensembles = models.ManyToManyField(Ensemble, blank = True)
presenter_content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType,
limit_choices_to={"model__in": ("Individual", "ArtsOrganization",'Presenter', "BookingAgent","Festival", "OtherOrganization","PresenterCompany", "Venue")}, related_name = "Presenter Type", verbose_name = "Presenter",blank=True, null=True)
presenter_id = models.IntegerField(db_index=True, blank=True, null=True, verbose_name='Presenter ID')
presenter = generic.GenericForeignKey('presenter_content_type','presenter_id')
promoter_content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType,
limit_choices_to={"model__in": ("Individual", "ArtsOrganization","BookingAgent","Presenter", "Festival", "OtherOrganization","PresenterCompany", "Venue")}, related_name = "promotor", verbose_name='Promoter Type', blank=True, null=True)
promoter_id = models.IntegerField(db_index=True, blank=True, null=True, verbose_name='Promoter ID')
promoter = generic.GenericForeignKey('promoter_content_type','promoter_id')
agent_content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType,
limit_choices_to={"model__in": ("Individual", "BookingAgent")}, related_name="agent", verbose_name='Agent Type', blank=True, null=True)
agent_id = models.IntegerField(db_index=True, blank=True, null=True, verbose_name='Agent ID')
agent = generic.GenericForeignKey('agent_content_type','agent_id')
class PresenterCompany(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=70)
address =GenericRelation(Address)
presented_gig = GenericRelation('Gig',
content_type_field='presenter_content_type',
object_id_field='presenter_id',
related_name='presenter_presented_gig'
)
promoted_gig = GenericRelation('Gig',
content_type_field='promoter_content_type',
object_id_field='promoter_id',
related_name='presenter_promoted_gig'
)
booked_gig = GenericRelation('Gig',
content_type_field='promoter_content_type',
object_id_field='promoter_id',
related_name='presenter_booked_gig'
)
The main issue is that when I try to get all of the gigs for a presenter company, I have to write three different for loops for each role i.e. {% for gig in presentercompany.presented_gig.all %}, and so on... This seems like redundant code.
Is there a better way to structure this such as using intermediary models for presenter, promoter, and agent? Thanks for your advice!
Generic relationships can definitely be hard to deal with. I would only use them when there is no other option.
In your case, I see a couple other options. You could have a ManyToMany relationship between PresenterCompany and Gig using a through table to specify the type of relationship (https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/topics/db/models/#extra-fields-on-many-to-many-relationships):
class Gig(models.Model):
description = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True)
date = models.DateTimeField()
venue = models.ForeignKey(Venue)
festival = models.ForeignKey(Festival, blank=True, null=True)
musician = models.ManyToManyField(Musician, blank=True)
ensembles = models.ManyToManyField(Ensemble, blank=True)
class PresenterCompanyGigRelationship(models.Model):
gig = models.ForeignKey(Gig, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
presenter_company = models.ForeignKey(
'PresenterCompany', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
relationship = models.CharField(
max_length=10,
choices=(
('presenter', 'Presenter'),
('promoter', 'Promoter'),
('agent', 'Agent'),
))
class PresenterCompany(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=70)
git = models.ManyToManyField(Gig, through=PresenterCompanyGigRelationship)

Django model: manytomany with more than one object

I have an Event model. Events can have many 'presenters'. But each presenter can either 1 of 2 different types of profiles. Profile1 and Profile2. How do I allow both profiles to go into presenters?
This will be 100% backend produced. As to say, admin will be selecting "presenters".
(Don't know if that matters or not).
class Profile1(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(User, null=True, unique=True)
first_name = models.CharField(max_length=20, null=True, blank=True)
last_name = models.CharField(max_length=20, null=True, blank=True)
created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
modified = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
about = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
tags = models.ManyToManyField(Tag, null=True, blank=True)
country = CountryField()
avatar = models.ImageField(upload_to='avatars/users/', null=True, blank=True)
score = models.FloatField(default=0.0, null=False, blank=True)
organization = models.CharField(max_length=2, choices=organizations)
class Profile2(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(User, null=True, unique=True)
first_name = models.CharField(max_length=20, null=True, blank=True)
last_name = models.CharField(max_length=20, null=True, blank=True)
created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
modified = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
about = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
tags = models.ManyToManyField(Tag, null=True, blank=True)
country = CountryField()
avatar = models.ImageField(upload_to='avatars/users/', null=True, blank=True)
score = models.FloatField(default=0.0, null=False, blank=True)
...
class Event(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
sub_heading = models.CharField(max_length=200)
presenters = ManyToManyField(Profile1, Profile2, blank=True, null=True) ?
...
# I've also tried:
profile1_presenters = models.ManyToManyField(Profile1, null=True, blank=True)
profile2_presenters = models.ManyToManyField(Profile2, null=True, blank=True)
# is there a better way to accomplish this?...
I think you have a desing problem here. In my opinion, you must think what is a Presenter and what's the different between a Presenter with "profile 1" and with "profile 2". What are you going to do with this models? Are you sure there are just two profiles? Is there any chance that, in some time from now, a different profile ("profile 3") appears? And profile 4? and profile N?
I recommend you to think again about your models and their relations. Do NOT make this decision thinking of how difficul/easy will be to handle these models from django admin. That's another problem and i'll bet that if you think your models a little bit, this won't be an issue later.
Nevertheless, i can give you some advice of how to acomplish what you want (or i hope so). Once you have think abount how to model these relations, start thinking on how are you going to write your models in django. Here are some questions you will have to answer to yourself:
Do you need one different table (if you are going to use SQL) per profile?
If you cannot answer that, try to answer these:
1) What's the difference between two different profiles?
2) Are there more than one profile?
3) Each presenter have just one profile? What are the chances that this property changes in near future?
I don't know a lot about what you need but i think the best option is to have a model "Profile" apart of your "Presenter" model. May be something like:
class Profile(models.Model):
first_profile_field = ...
second_profile_field = ...
# Each presenter have one profile. One profile can "represent"
# to none or more presenters
class Presenter(models.Model):
first_presenter_field = ....
second_presenter_field = ....
profile = models.ForeignKey(Profile)
class Event(models.Model):
presenters = models.ManyToManyField(Presenter)
....
This is just an idea of how i imagine you could design your model. Here are some links that may help you once you have design your models correctly and have answered the questions i made to you:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/db/models/#model-inheritance
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/misc/design-philosophies/#models
http://www.martinfowler.com/eaaCatalog/activeRecord.html
And to work with the admin once you decide how your design will be:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/contrib/admin/
EDIT:
If i'm not wrong, the only difference between profile 1 and 2 fields is the "organization" field. Am i right? So i recommend you to merge both models since they are almost the same. If they have different methods, or you want to add different managers or whatever, you can use the proxy option of django models. For example, you can do this:
class Profile(models.Model):
#All the fields you listed above, including the "organization" field
class GoldenProfile(models.Model):
#you can define its own managers
objects = GoldenProfileManager()
....
class Meta:
proxy = True
class SilverProfile(models.Model):
....
class Meta:
proxy = True
This way, you can define different methods or the same method with a different behaviour in each model. You can give them their own managers, etcetera.
And the event class should stay like this:
class Event(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
sub_heading = models.CharField(max_length=200)
presenters = ManyToManyField(Profile, blank=True, null=True)
Hope it helps!