Related
I want to make the codes that draw trajectory as the object's moving when I clicked any position on the screen.
I set the initial center point as a starting point. And I want to set the other point with mouse button clicked (destination point) as variables but I can't figure out how to do this.
float v1[3] = { -35.0f, 22.5f, 0.0f };
float v2[3] = { -35.0f, -22.5f, 0.0f };
float v3[3] = { 0.0f, 42.5f, 0.0f };
float v4[3] = { 0.0f, -42.5f, 0.0f };
float v5[3] = { 35.0f, 22.5f, 0.0f };
float v6[3] = { 35.0f, -22.5f, 0.0f };
This is the initial position of the object. (6-point star with 2 triangles)
float px, py;
float center_s[3] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f };
float center_d[3] = { px, py, 0.0f };
center_s is the starting point and center_d is the destination point with variable px, py.
void lines(void) {
glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glPointSize(5);
glBegin(GL_POINTS);
glVertex3fv(center_s);
glLineWidth(1);
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glVertex3fv(center_s);
glVertex3fv(center_d);
}
This function draws trajectory with red lines from center_s to center_d. Also it draws a center point.
case GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON:
if (state == GLUT_DOWN) {
x = mx;
y = glutGet(GLUT_WINDOW_HEIGHT) - my;
px = x + 35.0;
py = y + 42.5;
glutIdleFunc(lines);
}
glutPostRedisplay();
break;
Here is the problem. When the left mouse button is pressed, the star has to move to the clicked position and calculates the center point of the position and draw the line. But if I run these codes, the movement trajectory is not drawn.
Please let me know what the problem is. Plus, the star must move at a constant speed to the clicked location. (Not teleportation)
Following is the full codes:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>
float v1[3] = { -35.0f, 22.5f, 0.0f };
float v2[3] = { -35.0f, -22.5f, 0.0f };
float v3[3] = { 0.0f, 42.5f, 0.0f };
float v4[3] = { 0.0f, -42.5f, 0.0f };
float v5[3] = { 35.0f, 22.5f, 0.0f };
float v6[3] = { 35.0f, -22.5f, 0.0f };
float px, py;
float center_s[3] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f };
float center_d[3] = { px, py, 0.0f };
static GLfloat spin = 0.0;
float x = 400.0f, y = 442.5f;
float color1[3] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
float color2[3] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
int mode = 1;
int rotate = 1;
void init(void);
void triangle_1(void);
void triangle_2(void);
void lines(void);
void display(void);
void spinDisplay_1(void);
void spinDisplay_2(void);
void reshape(int, int);
void changeColor(int);
void mouse(int, int, int, int);
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB);
glutInitWindowSize(500, 500);
glutInitWindowPosition(300, 300);
glutCreateWindow("6-Point Star");
init();
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
glutMouseFunc(mouse);
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void init(void) {
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glShadeModel(GL_FLAT);
}
void triangle_1(void) {
glColor3fv(color1);
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);
glVertex3fv(v1);
glVertex3fv(v4);
glVertex3fv(v5);
glEnd();
}
void triangle_2(void) {
glColor3fv(color2);
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);
glVertex3fv(v2);
glVertex3fv(v3);
glVertex3fv(v6);
glEnd();
}
void lines(void) {
glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glPointSize(5);
glBegin(GL_POINTS);
glVertex3fv(center_s);
glLineWidth(1);
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glVertex3fv(center_s);
glVertex3fv(center_d);
}
void display(void) {
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(x, y, 0.0f);
glRotatef(spin, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
triangle_1();
triangle_2();
glPopMatrix();
glutSwapBuffers();
}
void spinDisplay_1(void) {
spin = spin + 2.0;
if (spin > 360.0) {
spin = spin - 360.0;
}
glutPostRedisplay();
}
void spinDisplay_2(void) {
spin = spin - 2.0;
if (spin < 360.0) {
spin = spin + 360.0;
}
glutPostRedisplay();
}
void reshape(int w, int h) {
glViewport(0, 0, (GLsizei)w, (GLsizei)h);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluOrtho2D(0.0, 500.0, 0.0, 500.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
}
void changeColor(int n) {
if (n == 1) {
color1[0] = 0.0f, color1[1] = 0.0f, color1[2] = 1.0f;
color2[0] = 0.0f, color2[1] = 1.0f, color2[2] = 0.0f;
}
else if (n == 2) {
color1[0] = 1.0f, color1[1] = 1.0f, color1[2] = 1.0f;
color2[0] = 1.0f, color2[1] = 1.0f, color2[2] = 1.0f;
}
}
void mouse(int button, int state, int mx, int my) {
switch (button) {
case GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON:
if (state == GLUT_DOWN) {
x = mx;
y = glutGet(GLUT_WINDOW_HEIGHT) - my;
px = x + 35.0;
py = y + 42.5;
glutIdleFunc(lines);
}
glutPostRedisplay();
break;
case GLUT_MIDDLE_BUTTON:
if (state == GLUT_DOWN) {
if (mode == 1) {
changeColor(mode);
mode = 2;
}
else if (mode == 2) {
changeColor(mode);
mode = 1;
}
}
glutPostRedisplay();
break;
case GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON:
if (state == GLUT_DOWN)
if (rotate == 1) {
glutIdleFunc(spinDisplay_1);
rotate = 2;
}
else if (rotate == 2) {
glutIdleFunc(spinDisplay_2);
rotate = 1;
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
You're missing a few glEnd() and unless you have other plans for center_s and center_d then you don't need them. As x and y is center_s, while px and py is center_d.
So first of all in mouse() just assign the mouse position to px and py instead of x and y.
case GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON:
if (state == GLUT_DOWN) {
px = mx;
py = glutGet(GLUT_WINDOW_HEIGHT) - my;
}
Now next you need a way to obtain the delta time. Delta time is the time passed since the last frame. For ease I added the following code to the top of display().
int timeNow = glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME);
float delta = (float)(timeNow - timeLastFrame) / 1000.0f;
timeLastFrame = timeNow;
Remember to declare int timeLastFrame = 0; among your global variables.
Now (still in display()) we can calculate the direction of the travel path. We do this by calculating the difference between the two points. Then calculate the length and normalize the difference.
float dx = px - x;
float dy = py - y;
float length = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
dx /= length;
dy /= length;
Now you just put it all together.
if (length > 1.0f) {
x += dx * speed * delta;
y += dy * speed * delta;
}
So while length > 1.0 then we move towards px and py at the speed of float speed = 100.0f; (declare this among your global variables as well).
Just to reemphasize. Yes, do delete glutIdleFunc(lines) from mouse(). Then we add it in display() instead. The full extend of display() should look like this now:
void display(void) {
int timeNow = glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME);
float delta = (float)(timeNow - timeLastFrame) / 1000.0f;
timeLastFrame = timeNow;
float dx = px - x;
float dy = py - y;
float length = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
dx /= length;
dy /= length;
if (length > 1.0f) {
x += dx * speed * delta;
y += dy * speed * delta;
}
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(x, y, 0.0f);
glRotatef(spin, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
triangle_1();
triangle_2();
glPopMatrix();
lines();
glutSwapBuffers();
glutPostRedisplay();
}
Remember glutPostRedisplay(). If not then it won't redraw and thus not animate. Also remember to #include <math.h> for sqrt().
Everything before glClear() could be moved to your glutIdleFunc() callback.
Since there was no need for center_s and center_d then lines() can be boiled down to:
void lines(void) {
glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glPointSize(5);
glBegin(GL_POINTS);
glVertex2f(px, py);
glEnd();
glLineWidth(1);
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glVertex2f(x, y);
glVertex2f(px, py);
glEnd();
}
The result should look something like this:
For future reference. If you don't want to do the linear algebra by hand. Then you can use something like GLM.
I have a problem when i lock the cursor to screen center with SetCursorPos
My problem is that it is stopping my camera from rotating, my camera works fine when i dont try and lock it. But it allows the mouse to drag off the screen when not in full screen.
void SetPosition(HWND hWnd, int x, int y)
{
POINT pt;
pt.x = x;
pt.y = y;
ClientToScreen(hWnd, &pt);
SetCursorPos(pt.x, pt.y);
}
void COpenGLRenderer::OnMouseMove(int X, int Y)
{
//This works fine if i dont set the mouse and i look around
Camera.OnMouseMove(LastX - X, LastY - Y);
if (LastX != X && LastY != Y)
SetPosition(hWnd, this->Width / 2, this->Height / 2);
LastX = X;
LastY = Y;
}
void CCamera::OnMouseMove(int dx, int dy)
{
float Sensitivity = 0.25f;
Position -= Reference;
if(dx != 0)
{
float DeltaX = (float)dx * Sensitivity;
X = rotate(X, DeltaX, vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
Y = rotate(Y, DeltaX, vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
Z = rotate(Z, DeltaX, vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
}
if(dy != 0)
{
float DeltaY = (float)dy * Sensitivity;
Y = rotate(Y, DeltaY, X);
Z = rotate(Z, DeltaY, X);
if(Y.y < 0.0f)
{
Z = vec3(0.0f, Z.y > 0.0f ? 1.0f : -1.0f, 0.0f);
Y = cross(Z, X);
}
}
Position = Reference + Z * length(Position);
CalculateViewMatrix();
}
void CCamera::CalculateViewMatrix()
{
ViewMatrix = mat4x4(X.x, Y.x, Z.x, 0.0f, X.y, Y.y, Z.y, 0.0f, X.z, Y.z, Z.z, 0.0f, -dot(X, Position), -dot(Y, Position), -dot(Z, Position), 1.0f);
ViewMatrixInverse = inverse(ViewMatrix);
ViewProjectionMatrix = ProjectionMatrix * ViewMatrix;
ViewProjectionMatrixInverse = ViewMatrixInverse * ProjectionMatrixInverse;
}
I'm trying to use depth test and alpha-blend together. What I want to do is put an opaque small ring inside of a bigger and transparent one. I should enable depth testing in order to prevent bad geometry. so if I enable depth test I can't display inner ring. Is there a workaround for this issue. Thank you for help. My code is showed below:
#include <GLTools.h> // OpenGL toolkit
#include <GLMatrixStack.h>
#include <GLFrame.h>
#include <GLFrustum.h>
#include <GLGeometryTransform.h>
#include <GLShaderManager.h>
#include <math3d.h>
#include <math.h>
#define FREEGLUT_STATIC
#include <GL\glut.h>
GLFrame viewFrame;
GLFrustum viewFrustum;
GLBatch triangleBatch;
GLTriangleBatch torusBatch;
GLTriangleBatch torusBatch2;
GLMatrixStack modelViewMatrix;
GLMatrixStack projectionMatrix;
GLGeometryTransform transformPipeline;
GLShaderManager shaderManager;
// Flags for effects
bool iCull = true;
bool iDepth = true;
GLfloat blockSize = 0.3f;
GLfloat vVerts[] ={-blockSize, -blockSize, 0.0f,
blockSize, -blockSize, 0.0f,
blockSize, blockSize, 0.0f};
void ProcessMenu(int value)
{
switch(value)
{
case 1:
iDepth = !iDepth;
break;
case 2:
iCull = !iCull;
break;
case 3:
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);
break;
case 4:
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);
break;
case 5:
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_POINT);
break;
case 6:
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT, GL_LINE);
break;
}
glutPostRedisplay();
}
void bounceFunction(void)
{
static GLfloat xDir = 1.0f;
static GLfloat yDir = 1.0f;
GLfloat stepSize = 0.0005f;
GLfloat blockX = vVerts[0]; // Upper left X
GLfloat blockY = vVerts[7]; // Upper left Y
blockY += stepSize * yDir;
blockX += stepSize * xDir;
if(blockX < -1.0f) { blockX = -1.0f; xDir *= -1.0f; }
if(blockX > (1.0f - blockSize * 2)) { blockX = 1.0f - blockSize * 2; xDir *= -1.0f; }
if(blockY < -1.0f + blockSize * 2) { blockY = -1.0f + blockSize * 2; yDir *= -1.0f; }
if(blockY > 1.0f) { blockY = 1.0f; yDir *= -1.0f; }
vVerts[0] = blockX;
vVerts[1] = blockY - blockSize*2;
vVerts[3] = blockX + blockSize*2;
vVerts[4] = blockY - blockSize*2;
vVerts[6] = blockX + blockSize*2;
vVerts[7] = blockY;
}
void movementKeys(int key, int x, int y)
{
/*GLfloat stepSize = 0.025f;
GLfloat blockX = vVerts[0];
GLfloat blockY = vVerts[7];
if(key == GLUT_KEY_UP)
blockY += stepSize;
if(key == GLUT_KEY_DOWN)
blockY -= stepSize;
if(key == GLUT_KEY_LEFT)
blockX -= stepSize;
if(key == GLUT_KEY_RIGHT)
blockX += stepSize;
//CollisonDetection
if(blockX < -1.0f) blockX = -1.0f;
if(blockX > (1.0f - blockSize * 2)) blockX = 1.0f - blockSize * 2;;
if(blockY < -1.0f + blockSize * 2) blockY = -1.0f + blockSize * 2;
if(blockY > 1.0f) blockY = 1.0f;
//CollisonDetection end
//Recalculation
vVerts[0] = blockX;
vVerts[1] = blockY - blockSize*2;
vVerts[3] = blockX + blockSize*2;
vVerts[4] = blockY - blockSize*2;
vVerts[6] = blockX + blockSize*2;
vVerts[7] = blockY;
triangleBatch.CopyVertexData3f(vVerts);
glutPostRedisplay();*/
if(key == GLUT_KEY_UP)
viewFrame.RotateWorld(m3dDegToRad(-5.0), 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
if(key == GLUT_KEY_DOWN)
viewFrame.RotateWorld(m3dDegToRad(5.0), 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
if(key == GLUT_KEY_LEFT)
viewFrame.RotateWorld(m3dDegToRad(-5.0), 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
if(key == GLUT_KEY_RIGHT)
viewFrame.RotateWorld(m3dDegToRad(5.0), 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
// Refresh the Window
glutPostRedisplay();
}
void changeSize(int w, int h)
{
// Prevent a divide by zero
if(h == 0)
h = 1;
// Set Viewport to window dimensions
glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
viewFrustum.SetPerspective(35.0f, float(w)/float(h), 1.0f, 100.0f);
projectionMatrix.LoadMatrix(viewFrustum.GetProjectionMatrix());
transformPipeline.SetMatrixStacks(modelViewMatrix, projectionMatrix);
}
void renderScene()
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT);
// Turn culling on if flag is set
if(iCull)
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
else
glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE);
// Enable depth testing if flag is set
if(iDepth)
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
else
glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
modelViewMatrix.PushMatrix(viewFrame);
glPolygonOffset(-1.0f, -1.0f);
GLfloat vRed[] = {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f};
GLfloat vBlue[] = {0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f};
glEnable(GL_BLEND);
glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
shaderManager.UseStockShader(GLT_SHADER_DEFAULT_LIGHT, transformPipeline.GetModelViewMatrix(), transformPipeline.GetProjectionMatrix(), vRed);
torusBatch.Draw();
shaderManager.UseStockShader(GLT_SHADER_DEFAULT_LIGHT, transformPipeline.GetModelViewMatrix(), transformPipeline.GetProjectionMatrix(), vBlue);
torusBatch2.Draw();
glDisable(GL_BLEND);
modelViewMatrix.PopMatrix();
glutSwapBuffers();
}
void SetupRC()
{
glClearColor(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);//Backgroung color
shaderManager.InitializeStockShaders();
viewFrame.MoveForward(7.0f);
gltMakeTorus(torusBatch, 1.0f, 0.25f, 52, 26);
gltMakeTorus(torusBatch2, 0.95f, 0.1f, 52, 26);
triangleBatch.Begin(GL_TRIANGLES, 3);
triangleBatch.CopyVertexData3f(vVerts);
triangleBatch.End();
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
gltSetWorkingDirectory(argv[0]);
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_STENCIL);
glutInitWindowSize(1280,720);
glutCreateWindow("Test");
GLenum err = glewInit();
if(err != GLEW_OK)
{
//Error handling
fprintf(stderr, "GLEW error: %s\n", glewGetErrorString(err));
return -1;
}
glutReshapeFunc(changeSize);
glutDisplayFunc(renderScene);
glutSpecialFunc(movementKeys);
// Create the Menu
glutCreateMenu(ProcessMenu);
glutAddMenuEntry("Toggle depth test",1);
glutAddMenuEntry("Toggle cull backface",2);
glutAddMenuEntry("Set Fill Mode", 3);
glutAddMenuEntry("Set Line Mode", 4);
glutAddMenuEntry("Set Point Mode", 5);
glutAddMenuEntry("Set Line Mode Back Face Culling", 6);
glutAttachMenu(GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON);
SetupRC();
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}
Typically you enable depth testing with your opaque objects, then do back-to-front rending of transparent objects with OVER blending enabled. Still, self-intersecting objects present a problem that requires further work. Unfortunately, transparency is not a "flip a bit and it works" feature in OpenGL.
Here is a good overview of recent techniques & ideas. https://developer.nvidia.com/content/transparency-or-translucency-rendering
I'm trying to create a first-person shooter camera for my DirectX game. But I'm struggling in trying to get my view matrix right. At the moment I have only got a triangle to display on the screen, but when I rotate the camera and move forward it seems like the triangle is rotating around the camera instead. Here is the code I have done for the Camera Class
Camera.h
#pragma once
#include"Window.h"
#include"Matrix.h"
#include "Vector3.h"
class Camera
{
public:
Camera();
Camera(float pitch, float yaw, Vector3 position);
~Camera();
void Update();
D3DXMATRIX BuildViewMatrix();
Vector3 GetPosition() const { return position; }
void SetPosition(Vector3 val) { position = val; }
protected:
float yaw;
float pitch;
Vector3 position;
};
Camera.cpp
#include"Camera.h"
Camera::Camera()
{
yaw = 0.0f;
pitch = 0.0f;
}
Camera::Camera(float pitch, float yaw, Vector3 position)
{
this->pitch = pitch;
this->yaw = yaw;
this->position = position;
}
Camera::~Camera()
{
}
void Camera::Update()
{
pitch = min(pitch, 90.0f);
pitch = max(pitch, -90.0f);
if(yaw < 0)
yaw += 360.0f;
if( yaw > 360.0f)
yaw -= 360.0f;
if(Window::GetKeyboard()->KeyDown(KEYBOARD_W))
{
D3DXMATRIX translateMat;
D3DXMatrixTranslation(&translateMat, position.x, position.y, position.z);
D3DXMATRIX rotationMat;
D3DXMatrixRotationY(&rotationMat, D3DXToRadian(yaw));
D3DXMATRIX forwardMat;
D3DXMatrixTranslation(&forwardMat, 0.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f);
D3DXMATRIX transformMat = translateMat * rotationMat * forwardMat;
position.x = transformMat._41;
position.y = transformMat._42;
position.z = transformMat._43;
std::cout << "X: " << transformMat._41 << std::endl;
std::cout << "Y: " << transformMat._42 << std::endl;
std::cout << "Z: " << transformMat._43 << std::endl;
}
else if(Window::GetKeyboard()->KeyDown(KEYBOARD_S))
{
D3DXMATRIX translateMat;
D3DXMatrixTranslation(&translateMat, position.x, position.y, position.z);
D3DXMATRIX rotationMat;
D3DXMatrixRotationY(&rotationMat, D3DXToRadian(yaw));
D3DXMATRIX forwardMat;
D3DXMatrixTranslation(&forwardMat, 0.0f, 0.0f, -10.0f);
D3DXMATRIX transformMat = translateMat * rotationMat * forwardMat;
position.x = transformMat._41;
position.y = transformMat._42;
position.z = transformMat._43;
std::cout << "X: " << transformMat._41 << std::endl;
std::cout << "Y: " << transformMat._42 << std::endl;
std::cout << "Z: " << transformMat._43 << std::endl;
}
if(Window::GetKeyboard()->KeyDown(KEYBOARD_Q))
{
yaw = yaw - 1.0f;
}
if(Window::GetKeyboard()->KeyDown(KEYBOARD_E))
{
yaw = yaw + 1.0f;
}
}
D3DXMATRIX Camera::BuildViewMatrix()
{
D3DXMATRIX translationMat;
D3DXMatrixTranslation(&translationMat, (position.x * -1.0f), (position.y * -1.0f), (position.z * -1.0f));
D3DXMATRIX yawMat;
D3DXMatrixRotationY(&yawMat, D3DXToRadian((yaw * -1.0f)));
D3DXMATRIX pitchMat;
D3DXMatrixRotationX(&pitchMat, D3DXToRadian((pitch * -1.0f)));
D3DXMATRIX viewMat = pitchMat * yawMat * translationMat;
return viewMat;
}
I'm using device->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, &camera->BuildViewMatrix()); to send the view matrix to directX. What exactly am I doing wrong? Please help
UPDATE:
I have change the code and tried to use the D3DXMatrixLookAtLH function (doesn't use the Camera at all), but this time, it doesn't do anything - the triangle stays in the same position no matter how I change the LookAt parameter on the function. Here is the code for it:
void Renderer::Render()
{
device->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(40, 40, 40), 1.0f, 0);
device->BeginScene(); //Must be used as it tells DirectX we're starting to draw stuff.
D3DXMATRIX worldMat;
D3DXMatrixTranslation(&worldMat, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
device->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &worldMat);
D3DXMATRIX viewMatrix;
D3DXMatrixLookAtLH( &viewMatrix,
&D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, -100.0f, 1000.0f), //position
&D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), //Look at
&D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
device->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, &viewMatrix);
//device->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, &camera->BuildViewMatrix());
D3DXMATRIX projMatrix;
D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( &projMatrix,
D3DXToRadian(45),
(float)width/(float)height,
1.0f,
10000.0f);
device->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &projMatrix);
device->SetFVF(VERTEXFORMAT);
device->SetStreamSource(0, vertexBuffer, 0, sizeof(VERTEX));
device->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 1);
device->EndScene(); //Thank you for waiting, I have finished drawing stuff on the screen, please handle the rest Mr DirectX.
device->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
}
Found out the problem, the matrices I've calculated isn't correct as well as the view matrix. the fixed it by adding the following codes:
Camera.h
#pragma once
#pragma comment(lib, "d3dx9.lib")
#include<d3dx9math.h>
#include"Window.h"
class Camera
{
public:
Camera();
Camera(float pitch, float yaw, D3DXVECTOR3 position);
~Camera();
void Update();
D3DXMATRIX BuildViewMatrix();
inline D3DXVECTOR3 GetPosition() const { return position; }
inline void SetPosition(D3DXVECTOR3 position){ this->position = position;}
protected:
float yaw;
float pitch;
float roll;
D3DXVECTOR3 position;
private:
D3DXVECTOR3 xAxis;
D3DXVECTOR3 yAxis;
D3DXVECTOR3 zAxis;
};
Camera.cpp
#include"Camera.h"
Camera::Camera()
{
yaw = 0.0f;
pitch = 0.0f;
roll = 0.0f;
}
//yaw = head twist
//pitch = head tilt
Camera::Camera(float pitch, float yaw, D3DXVECTOR3 position)
{
this->pitch = pitch;
this->yaw = yaw;
roll = 0.0f;
this->position = position;
xAxis = D3DXVECTOR3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
yAxis = D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
zAxis = D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
}
Camera::~Camera()
{
}
void Camera::Update()
{
if(Window::GetKeyboard()->KeyDown(KEYBOARD_Q)){
yaw -= 1.0f;
}
else if(Window::GetKeyboard()->KeyDown(KEYBOARD_E)){
yaw += 1.0f;
}
if(Window::GetKeyboard()->KeyDown(KEYBOARD_Z)){
pitch += 1.0f;
}
else if(Window::GetKeyboard()->KeyDown(KEYBOARD_X)){
pitch -= 1.0f;
}
pitch = min(pitch, 90.0f);
pitch = max(pitch, -90.0f);
if(yaw < 0.0f)
yaw += 360.0f;
if( yaw > 360.0f)
yaw -= 360.0f;
D3DXMATRIX yawMat;
D3DXMatrixRotationAxis(&yawMat, &yAxis, D3DXToRadian(yaw));
D3DXVec3TransformCoord(&zAxis, &zAxis, &yawMat);
D3DXVec3TransformCoord(&xAxis, &xAxis, &yawMat);
D3DXMATRIX pitchMat;
D3DXMatrixRotationAxis(&pitchMat, &xAxis, D3DXToRadian(pitch));
D3DXVec3TransformCoord(&zAxis, &zAxis, &pitchMat);
D3DXVec3TransformCoord(&yAxis, &yAxis, &pitchMat);
D3DXMATRIX rollMat;
D3DXMatrixRotationAxis(&rollMat, &zAxis, D3DXToRadian(0.0f));
D3DXVec3TransformCoord(&xAxis, &xAxis, &rollMat);
D3DXVec3TransformCoord(&yAxis, &yAxis, &rollMat);
if(Window::GetKeyboard()->KeyDown(KEYBOARD_W))
{
position = position + (zAxis * -1) * 10.0f;
}
else if(Window::GetKeyboard()->KeyDown(KEYBOARD_S))
{
position = position + zAxis * 10.0f;
}
if(Window::GetKeyboard()->KeyDown(KEYBOARD_A))
{
position = position + xAxis * 10.0f;
}
else if(Window::GetKeyboard()->KeyDown(KEYBOARD_D))
{
position = position - xAxis * 10.0f;
}
yaw = 0.0f;
pitch = 0.0f;
roll = 0.0f;
}
D3DXMATRIX Camera::BuildViewMatrix()
{
D3DXMATRIX viewMatrix;
D3DXMatrixIdentity(&viewMatrix);
viewMatrix._11 = xAxis.x;
viewMatrix._21 = xAxis.y;
viewMatrix._31 = xAxis.z;
viewMatrix._12 = yAxis.x;
viewMatrix._22 = yAxis.y;
viewMatrix._32 = yAxis.z;
viewMatrix._13 = zAxis.x;
viewMatrix._23 = zAxis.y;
viewMatrix._33 = zAxis.z;
viewMatrix._41 = D3DXVec3Dot(&position, &xAxis);
viewMatrix._42 = D3DXVec3Dot(&position, &yAxis);
viewMatrix._43 = D3DXVec3Dot(&position, &zAxis);
return viewMatrix;
}
I have a camera class, which is initialized like so:
CameraFP::CameraFP() {
this->aspect_ratio = 800.0f / 600.0f;
this->fov = 45.0f;
this->near_plane = 0.1f;
this->far_plane = 1000.0f;
this->position = glm::vec3(0, 0, 0);
this->target = position + glm::vec3(0, 0, -1);
this->up = glm::vec3(0, 1, 0);
this->m_rotation = glm::mat4(1.0);
m_view = glm::lookAt(position, target, up);
m_projection = glm::perspective(fov, aspect_ratio, near_plane, far_plane);
}
And here are other functions of import:
void CameraFP::update(sf::Window *app) {
process_keyboard(app);
process_mouse(app);
calculate_view();
}
void CameraFP::process_keyboard(sf::Window *app) {
const sf::Input *input = &app->GetInput();
up = m_rotation * glm::vec3(0, 1, 0);
glm::vec3 forward = glm::vec3(0, 0, -1);
glm::vec3 forward_rotated = m_rotation * forward;
glm::vec3 right = glm::vec3(1, 0, 0);
glm::vec3 right_rotated = m_rotation * right;
if (input->IsKeyDown(sf::Key::W)) {
position += forward_rotated;
}
if (input->IsKeyDown(sf::Key::S)) {
position -= forward_rotated;
}
if (input->IsKeyDown(sf::Key::A)) {
position -= right_rotated;
}
if (input->IsKeyDown(sf::Key::D)) {
position += right_rotated;
}
}
void CameraFP::process_mouse(sf::Window *app) {
// TODO: Make the below constants, and take framerate into account
GLfloat SPEED_X = 0.000001f;
GLfloat SPEED_Y = 0.000001f;
GLfloat mouse_x = app->GetInput().GetMouseX();
GLfloat mouse_y = app->GetInput().GetMouseY();
GLfloat mouse_x_delta = old_mouse_x - mouse_x;
GLfloat mouse_y_delta = old_mouse_y - mouse_y;
if (mouse_x_delta != 0 ||
mouse_y_delta != 0) {
if (mouse_x_delta != 0) {
y_rot += mouse_x_delta * SPEED_X;
m_rotation = glm::rotate(m_rotation, y_rot, glm::vec3(0, 1, 0));
}
if (mouse_y_delta != 0) {
x_rot += mouse_y_delta * SPEED_Y;
m_rotation = glm::rotate(m_rotation, x_rot, glm::vec3(1, 0, 0));;
}
}
this->old_mouse_x = mouse_x;
this->old_mouse_y = mouse_y;
app->SetCursorPosition(app->GetWidth() / 2, app->GetHeight() / 2);
}
void CameraFP::calculate_view() {
glm::vec3 forward = glm::vec3(0, 0, -1);
glm::vec3 forward_rotated = m_rotation * forward;
target = position += glm::normalize(forward_rotated);
m_view = glm::lookAt(position, target, up);
}
My problem is that when I compile the project, the compiler outputs an error saying:
\CameraFP.cpp|59|error: no match for 'operator*' in '((CameraFP*)this)->CameraFP::m_rotation * glm::detail::tvec3<float>(((const int&)((const int*)(&0))), ((const int&)((const int*)(&1))), ((const int&)((const int*)(&0))))'|
From what I understand vec = mat4 * vec should yield a rotated vector? Since I haven't been able to test this code, I don't know if the function work correctly.
Edit
Updated code according to the comments and awnsers. My problem is now that I get a BSOD, somewhere in the render function...
void CameraFP::process_keyboard(sf::Window *app) {
const sf::Input *input = &app->GetInput();
up = m_rotation * glm::vec4(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glm::vec4 forward = glm::vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f);
glm::vec4 forward_rotated = m_rotation * forward;
glm::vec4 right = glm::vec4(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glm::vec4 right_rotated = m_rotation * right;
if (input->IsKeyDown(sf::Key::W)) {
position += forward_rotated;
}
if (input->IsKeyDown(sf::Key::S)) {
position -= forward_rotated;
}
if (input->IsKeyDown(sf::Key::A)) {
position -= right_rotated;
}
if (input->IsKeyDown(sf::Key::D)) {
position += right_rotated;
}
}
void CameraFP::process_mouse(sf::Window *app) {
// TODO: Make the below constants, and take framerate into account
GLfloat SPEED_X = 0.000001f;
GLfloat SPEED_Y = 0.000001f;
GLfloat mouse_x = app->GetInput().GetMouseX();
GLfloat mouse_y = app->GetInput().GetMouseY();
GLfloat mouse_x_delta = old_mouse_x - mouse_x;
GLfloat mouse_y_delta = old_mouse_y - mouse_y;
if (mouse_x_delta != 0 ||
mouse_y_delta != 0) {
if (mouse_x_delta != 0) {
y_rot += mouse_x_delta * SPEED_X;
m_rotation = glm::rotate(m_rotation, y_rot, glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
}
if (mouse_y_delta != 0) {
x_rot += mouse_y_delta * SPEED_Y;
m_rotation = glm::rotate(m_rotation, x_rot, glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));;
}
}
this->old_mouse_x = mouse_x;
this->old_mouse_y = mouse_y;
app->SetCursorPosition(app->GetWidth() / 2, app->GetHeight() / 2);
}
void CameraFP::calculate_view() {
glm::vec4 forward = glm::vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f);
glm::vec4 forward_rotated = m_rotation * forward;
target = position += forward_rotated;
m_view = glm::lookAt(v4tov3(position), v4tov3(target), v4tov3(up));
}
glm::vec3 v4tov3(glm::vec4 v1) {
return glm::vec3(v1.x, v1.y, v1.z);
}
Edit 2
Problem now is with the camera rotation with the mouse, it just doesn't work, for some reason changes on the x axis oft times effect change on the y and vice versa. In addition, if I move the mouse right or left on the x axis (y rotation) the camera rotates left...
void CameraFP::process_mouse(sf::Clock *clock, sf::Window *app) {
// TODO: Make the below constants, and take framerate into account
GLfloat SPEED_X = 0.25f;
GLfloat SPEED_Y = 0.25f;
GLfloat screen_x = app->GetWidth();
GLfloat screen_y = app->GetHeight();
GLfloat mouse_x = float(screen_x / 2 - app->GetInput().GetMouseX());
GLfloat mouse_y = float(screen_y / 2 - app->GetInput().GetMouseY());
GLfloat mouse_x_delta = old_mouse_x - mouse_x;
GLfloat mouse_y_delta = old_mouse_y - mouse_y;
GLfloat current_time = clock->GetElapsedTime();
GLfloat delta_time = current_time - last_time;
this->last_time = current_time;
if (mouse_x_delta != 0 ||
mouse_y_delta != 0) {
if (mouse_x_delta != 0) {
y_rot += glm::radians(delta_time * SPEED_X * mouse_x);
m_rotation = glm::rotate(m_rotation, y_rot, glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));
std::cout << "Y Rotation: " << y_rot << "\n";
}
if (mouse_y_delta != 0) {
x_rot += glm::radians(delta_time * SPEED_Y * mouse_y);
m_rotation = glm::rotate(m_rotation, x_rot, glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
std::cout << "X rotation: " << x_rot << "\n";
}
}
app->SetCursorPosition(screen_x / 2, screen_y / 2);
this->old_mouse_x = float(screen_x / 2 - app->GetInput().GetMouseX());
this->old_mouse_y = float(screen_y / 2 - app->GetInput().GetMouseY());
}
Replace all glm::vec3(0, 1, 0); by glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
As for the vec-mac multiplication, AquilaRapax is right in that you can only multiply a mat4 with a vec4. But since you're multiplying directions, the 4rth coordinate should be 0.0f, not 1.0f. This will have the effect to ignore the translations (1.0 will teke them into account, which you don't want)
See http://www.opengl-tutorial.org/beginners-tutorials/tutorial-3-matrices/ for details on matrices.
However, it's often a good idea to keep vec3 instead of vec4's, mostly for clarity purposes (i.e., glm::vec3 mPosition instead of glm::vec4 mPosition). It is thus handy to have 2 functions like these (untested) :
glm::vec3 TransformDirection(glm::vec3 pDirection, glm::mat4 pMatrix){
return pMatrix * glm::vec4(pDirection, 0.0f);
}
glm::vec3 TransformPosition(glm::vec3 pDirection, glm::mat4 pMatrix){
return pMatrix * glm::vec4(pDirection, 1.0f);
}
At the end of process::mouse you save the coordinates in old_mouse_x and old_mouse_y but then you move the cursor to the middle of the screen. If you do this old_mouse_x and old_mouse_y becomes invalid. What you need to do is set these variables after repositioning the cursor:
app->SetCursorPosition(app->GetWidth() / 2, app->GetHeight() / 2);
this->old_mouse_x = app->GetWidth() / 2;
this->old_mouse_y = app->GetHeight() / 2;