I've made two C++ files, one for a server and then a client. As you can see below in the code, I wanted to display to the client that they have been connected, and their ID as well, but when I try to connect, it clears the console correctly, but doesn't display their ID. I noticed that when I close the server and the client is still running, the client then displays the ID. Not too sure what the problem is, will be awaiting your replies! Thanks in advance, and here's the code.
Server:
// First, we'll include all the required files
#include <winsock.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <Windows.h>
using namespace std;
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib") // Require this lib for winsock
SOCKADDR_IN addr; // This structure saves the address and ports of the server
int addrlen = sizeof(addr); // This saves the length of the address
int Counter; // Counts how many connected clients there are
SOCKET sConnect; // Socket for incoming connections
SOCKET sListen; // Socket for listening
SOCKET *Connections; // Socket for all the connections
// Init the winsock library
int InitWinSock()
{
int Val = 0; // Make a default
WSAData wsaData;
WORD DllVersion = MAKEWORD(2, 1);
Val = WSAStartup(DllVersion, &wsaData); // Initialise winsock
return 0;
}
int main()
{
system("color 0a"); // Change the console color to black-green
cout << "Server Started." << endl;
// Winsock Init
int Val = InitWinSock();
if(Val != 0)
{
// If WinSock Init fails, display an error
MessageBoxA(NULL, "Error while starting WinSock!", "Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
exit(1); // Stop the procedure
}
Connections = (SOCKET*) calloc(64, sizeof(SOCKET));
// Init the sockets
sListen = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, NULL);
sConnect = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, NULL);
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); // Server address, 127.0.0.1 is localhost
addr.sin_port = htons(2222); // Server port
addr.sin_family = AF_INET; // This is the type of connection
bind(sListen, (SOCKADDR*)&addr, sizeof(addr)); // Bind server to address and port
listen(sListen, 64); // Listen for any incoming connections
while(true)
{
if(sConnect = accept(sListen, (SOCKADDR*)&addr, &addrlen))
{
Connections[Counter] = sConnect;
char *Name = new char[64]; // The name of the client
ZeroMemory(Name, 64); // We make the char empty
sprintf(Name, "%i", Counter);
send(Connections[Counter], Name, 64, NULL); // We send the ID to the client
cout << "New Connection!" << endl;
Counter ++; // Increase the amount of clients
} // end if accept the connection
Sleep(50); // Wait 50 milliseconds
} // end while search for connections
}
Client:
#include <iostream>
#include <winsock.h>
#include <Windows.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
using namespace std;
SOCKET sConnect; // The connection socket
SOCKADDR_IN addr; // The server adress
int Startup_WinSock()
{
WSADATA wsaData;
WORD DllVersion = MAKEWORD(2, 1);
int Val = WSAStartup(DllVersion, &wsaData);
return Val;
}
int main()
{
system("color 0a");
int Val = Startup_WinSock();
if(Val != 0)
{
cout << "Can't Startup WinSock!" << endl; // Display error
exit(1);
}
sConnect = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, NULL);
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
addr.sin_port = htons(2222);
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
cout << "Please press [ENTER]" << endl;
cin.get();
Val = connect(sConnect, (SOCKADDR*)&addr, sizeof(addr)); // Connect with the server
if(Val != 0)
{
cout << "Can't reach the server!" << endl;
main (); // Try again
}
else
{
system("cls"); // Clear the screen
int ID;
char *nID = new char[64]; // Client's ID
char *hello = new char[64]; // Message from the server
ZeroMemory(nID, 64);
ZeroMemory(hello, 64);
recv(sConnect, nID, 64, NULL); // Receive ID from server
recv(sConnect, hello, 64, NULL); // Receive message from the server
ID = atoi(nID); // Cast to an int
cout << hello << endl;
cout << "Your ID: " << ID << endl;
cin.get();
}
return 0;
}
recv(sConnect, nID, 64, NULL); // Receive ID from server
recv(sConnect, hello, 64, NULL); // Receive message from the server
First, you have no error checking here. You need to add error checking throughout the program or it will be impossible to troubleshoot.
Second, you have no message handling here. What happens if the first recv gets 3 bytes? You'll wind up reading the rest of the ID into the hello field.
Third, you don't send any messages. So the second recv will wait until the read attempt fails, which is when the server is terminated.
In the server you only send the id, but nothing more, meaning the client will try to receive something which haven't been sent and will block forever until it receives anything.
Oh, and you have a memory leak in the server, you allocate memory for the name (which you only clear, but doesn't actually set to anything) but you never free the memory anywhere. No need for dynamic allocation here anyway.
Related
Simple code first:
#include "NetFunc.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
using namespace std;
void test()
{
// SOCKET listenfd = OpenListenFD("127.0.0.1", "19287");
SOCKET connfd = OpenClientFD("127.0.0.1", "12389", "127.0.0.1", "19287");
send(connfd, "test", 5, 0);
close(connfd);
using namespace std::chrono_literals;
this_thread::sleep_for(100ms);
connfd = OpenClientFD("127.0.0.1", "12389", "127.0.0.1", "19287");
send(connfd, "test2", 6, 0);
close(connfd);
// close(listenfd);
cout << "over" << endl;
return;
}
int main()
{
SOCKET listenfd = OpenListenFD("127.0.0.1", "12389");
sockaddr_storage clientaddr;
socklen_t clientlen = sizeof clientaddr;
// SOCKET connfd = 0;
const int maxNameLen = 0x800;
char* buffer = new char[0x800 + 1];
char* hostname = new char[maxNameLen + 1], * port = new char[maxNameLen + 1];
std::thread newThread{&test};
newThread.detach();
SOCKET connfd;
while (true)
{
if ((connfd = accept(listenfd, (sockaddr*)&clientaddr, &clientlen)) < 0)
{
std::cerr << "Not accept correctly at InteractWithClients" << std::endl;
}
else{
getnameinfo((sockaddr*)&clientaddr, clientlen, hostname, maxNameLen, port, maxNameLen, NI_NUMERICHOST);
std::string completeAddr = string(hostname) + ":" + string(port);
std::cout << "Addr : " << completeAddr << std::endl;
recv(connfd, buffer, 0x800, 0);
std::cout << buffer << std::endl;
}
close(connfd);
}
delete[] buffer; delete[] hostname; delete[]port;
return 0;
}
Here, the NetFunc.h has necessary headers and #define SOCKET int. It corresponds with NetFunc.cpp, which has two functions for server&client as below:
(Note that I'm trying to generate a client with a specific port, for I just need two address-port to connect rather than to distinguish a server from a client. Besides, I already use SO_REUSEADDR.)
#include "NetFunc.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
SOCKET OpenListenFD(const char* addr, const char* port)
{
struct addrinfo hints, * listp, * p;
SOCKET listenfd;
int optval = 1;
/* Get a list of potential server addresses */
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; /* Accept connections */
hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE | AI_ADDRCONFIG; /* ... on any IP address */
hints.ai_flags |= AI_NUMERICSERV; /* ... using port number */
hints.ai_family = AF_INET;
getaddrinfo(addr, port, &hints, &listp);
/* Walk the list for one that we can bind to */
for (p = listp; p; p = p->ai_next) {
/* Create a socket descriptor */
if ((listenfd = socket(p->ai_family, p->ai_socktype, p->ai_protocol)) < 0)
continue; /* Socket failed, try the next */
/* Eliminates "Address already in use" error from bind */
setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, //line:netp:csapp:setsockopt
(setsockopt_ptr)&optval, sizeof(int));
/* Bind the descriptor to the address */
if (bind(listenfd, p->ai_addr, p->ai_addrlen) == 0)
{
break; /* Success */
}
closesocket(listenfd); /* Bind failed, try the next */
}
/* Clean up */
freeaddrinfo(listp);
if (!p) /* No address worked */
return -1;
/* Make it a listening socket ready to accept connection requests */
if (listen(listenfd, LISTENQ) < 0) {
closesocket(listenfd);
return -1;
}
return listenfd;
}
SOCKET OpenClientFD(const char* serverAddr, const char* port, const char* localAddr, const char* localPort)
{
struct sockaddr_in my_addr, my_addr1;
SOCKET client = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (client < 0)
std::cerr<<"Error in client creating\n";
else
std::cout << "Client Created\n";
int optval = 1;
setsockopt(client, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, //line:netp:csapp:setsockopt
(setsockopt_ptr)&optval, sizeof(int));
my_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
my_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(port));
// This ip address will change according to the machine
inet_pton(AF_INET, serverAddr, &my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr);
// Explicitly assigning port number 12010 by
// binding client with that port
my_addr1.sin_family = AF_INET;
my_addr1.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
my_addr1.sin_port = htons(atoi(localPort));
// This ip address will change according to the machine
inet_pton(AF_INET, localAddr, &my_addr1.sin_addr.s_addr);
if (bind(client, (struct sockaddr*)&my_addr1, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) == 0)
std::cout << "Binded Correctly\n";
else
{
std::cerr << "Unable to bind\n";
return -1;
}
socklen_t addr_size = sizeof my_addr;
int con = 0;
do { con = connect(client, (struct sockaddr*)&my_addr, sizeof my_addr); } while (con != 0);
if (con == 0)
std::cout << "Client Connected\n";
else
std::cerr << "Error in Connection\n";
return client;
}
My OS is Ubuntu20.04 and such code will work with normal output. However, when I remove comments in test() for listenfd, it will output Unable to bind infinitely.
I'm really a newbie in socket and network. I have no idea why that will happen. Also, is there a way for an address-port to be both server and client at the same time? (Maybe to be exact, can an address-port both connect actively & accept others' connection passively?) Thank you!
my_addr1.sin_family = AF_INET;
my_addr1.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
my_addr1.sin_port = htons(atoi(localPort));
// This ip address will change according to the machine
inet_pton(AF_INET, localAddr, &my_addr1.sin_addr.s_addr);
if (bind(client, (struct sockaddr*)&my_addr1, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) == 0)
std::cout << "Binded Correctly\n";
This code binds a listening socket to port 19287, localPort is 19287.
// SOCKET listenfd = OpenListenFD("127.0.0.1", "19287");
And so does the commented-out code. Un-commenting it out results in two sockets attempting to listen on the same port. Surprise, surprise: this doesn't work.
The fact that the first socket that binds this port uses SO_REUSEADDR is irrelevant, and makes no difference. With or without SO_REUSEADDR, no two sockets can listen on the same port.
SO_REUSEADDR does not allow you to have multiple sockets listening on the same port, at the same time. All that SO_REUSEADDR does is allow a listening socket to be bound on a port that's temporarily "take out of commission", in specific edge cases, until a prescribed timeout expires. It allows a port to be bound as long as nothing else is listening on it, even if it's sitting in a "timeout room".
But it still won't allow you to have two different sockets listening on the same port, at the same time.
I am coding in C++ using winsock api. I am making a multi- client server chat. The problem that I am encountering in my code is that my server is able to send the message to the client only once. But I want this to happen multiple times. I cannot put accept() function out of infinite loop in server code. I have used select() for multi client. I am doing it without threading.
Server:
#include <iostream>
#include <WS2tcpip.h>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#pragma comment (lib, "ws2_32.lib")
using namespace std;
void main()
{
// Initialze winsock
WSADATA wsData;
WORD ver = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
int wsOk = WSAStartup(ver, &wsData);
if (wsOk != 0)
{
cerr << "Can't Initialize winsock! Quitting" << endl;
return;
}
// Create a socket
SOCKET listening = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (listening == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
cerr << "Can't create a socket! Quitting" << endl;
return;
}
// Bind the ip address and port to a socket
sockaddr_in hint;
hint.sin_family = AF_INET;
hint.sin_port = htons(54000);
hint.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = INADDR_ANY; // Could also use inet_pton ....
bind(listening, (sockaddr*)&hint, sizeof(hint));
// Tell Winsock the socket is for listening
listen(listening, SOMAXCONN);
// Create the master file descriptor set and zero it
fd_set master;
FD_ZERO(&master);
// Add our first socket that we're interested in interacting with; the listening socket!
// It's important that this socket is added for our server or else we won't 'hear' incoming
// connections
FD_SET(listening, &master);
// this will be changed by the \quit command (see below, bonus not in video!)
bool running = true;
while (running)
{
// Make a copy of the master file descriptor set, this is SUPER important because
// the call to select() is _DESTRUCTIVE_. The copy only contains the sockets that
// are accepting inbound connection requests OR messages.
// E.g. You have a server and it's master file descriptor set contains 5 items;
// the listening socket and four clients. When you pass this set into select(),
// only the sockets that are interacting with the server are returned. Let's say
// only one client is sending a message at that time. The contents of 'copy' will
// be one socket. You will have LOST all the other sockets.
// SO MAKE A COPY OF THE MASTER LIST TO PASS INTO select() !!!
fd_set copy = master;
// See who's talking to us
int socketCount = select(0, ©, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
for (int i = 0; i < socketCount; i++) {
//Accept a new connection
SOCKET sock = copy.fd_array[i];
if (sock == listening) {
//Accept a new connection
SOCKET client = accept(listening, nullptr, nullptr);
//Add a new connection
FD_SET(client, &master);
string mssg = "Welcome to the awesome chat server\n";
//Send a welcome message to the connected client
send(client, mssg.c_str(), mssg.size() + 1, 0);
}
//Send a new message
string mssg;
getline(cin, mssg);
int bytes = send(sock, mssg.c_str(), mssg.size() + 1, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < master.fd_count; i++) {
SOCKET outsock = master.fd_array[i];
if (outsock != listening && outsock != sock) {
send(outsock, mssg.c_str(), mssg.size() + 1, 0);
}
}
}
}
// Remove the listening socket from the master file descriptor set and close it
// to prevent anyone else trying to connect.
FD_CLR(listening, &master);
closesocket(listening);
// Message to let users know what's happening.
string msg = "Server is shutting down. Goodbye\r\n";
while (master.fd_count > 0)
{
// Get the socket number
SOCKET sock = master.fd_array[0];
// Send the goodbye message
send(sock, msg.c_str(), msg.size() + 1, 0);
// Remove it from the master file list and close the socket
FD_CLR(sock, &master);
closesocket(sock);
}
// Cleanup winsock
WSACleanup();
system("pause");
}
Client code:
#include<iostream>
#include<ws2tcpip.h>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
void main() {
string ipAddress = "127.0.0.1"; //IP Address of the server
int port = 54000; //Listening port on the sever
//Initialize Winsock
WSADATA data;
WORD ver = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
int wsResult = WSAStartup(ver, &data);
if (wsResult != 0) {
cerr << " Can't initialize winsock " << endl;
return;
}
//Create socket
SOCKET sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sock == INVALID_SOCKET) {
cerr << "Can't create a socket " << WSAGetLastError() << endl;
closesocket(sock);
WSACleanup();
return;
}
//Fill in a hint structure
sockaddr_in hint;
hint.sin_family = AF_INET;
hint.sin_port = htons(port);
inet_pton(AF_INET, ipAddress.c_str(), &hint.sin_addr);
//Connect to the server
int connResult = connect(sock, (sockaddr*)&hint, sizeof(hint));
if (connResult == SOCKET_ERROR) {
cerr << " Can't connect to the server " << WSAGetLastError() << endl;
closesocket(sock);
WSACleanup();
return;
}
//Do-While loop to send and receive data
//char b[4096];
//int bytes = recv(sock,b,4096, 0);
//cout << string(b, 0, bytes) << endl;
char buff[4096];
string userInput;
do {
//Prompt the user
//cout << ">";
//getline(cin, userInput);
//Send the result
//int sendResult = send(sock, userInput.c_str(), userInput.size() + 1, 0);
//if (sendResult != SOCKET_ERROR) {
//ZeroMemory(buff, 0);
int bytesrecieved = recv(sock, buff, 4096, 0);
if (bytesrecieved > 0) {
//Echo response to console
cout << "SERVER> " << string(buff, 0, bytesrecieved) << endl;
}
//}
} while (true);
//Shut down everything
closesocket(sock);
WSACleanup();
}
EDIT:
You should do some modifications :
Use timeval for select to avoid the blocking select (wait until a
new connection was made or there is something to read).
Move the read/send message section out of the for loop.
Separate key input processing in an other thread.
Use a safe queue to share the input between the input thread and the communciation one(main thread).
Here is an example:
#include <iostream>
#include <WS2tcpip.h>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
#include <list>
#pragma comment (lib, "ws2_32.lib")
using namespace std;
class safe_queue {
mutex m;
list<string> str_queue;
public:
safe_queue() {};
void add(const string &s) {
const lock_guard<mutex> lock(m);
str_queue.push_back(s);
}
bool pop( string &s ) {
const lock_guard<mutex> lock(m);
if (!str_queue.empty()) {
s = str_queue.front();
str_queue.pop_front();
return true;
}
return false;
}
};
int main()
{
// Initialze winsock
WSADATA wsData;
WORD ver = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
int wsOk = WSAStartup(ver, &wsData);
if (wsOk != 0)
{
cerr << "Can't Initialize winsock! Quitting" << endl;
return 0;
}
// Create a socket
SOCKET listening = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (listening == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
cerr << "Can't create a socket! Quitting" << endl;
return 0;
}
// Bind the ip address and port to a socket
sockaddr_in hint;
hint.sin_family = AF_INET;
hint.sin_port = htons(54000);
hint.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = INADDR_ANY; // Could also use inet_pton ....
bind(listening, (sockaddr*)&hint, sizeof(hint));
// Tell Winsock the socket is for listening
listen(listening, SOMAXCONN);
// Create the master file descriptor set and zero it
fd_set master;
FD_ZERO(&master);
// Add our first socket that we're interested in interacting with; the listening socket!
// It's important that this socket is added for our server or else we won't 'hear' incoming
// connections
FD_SET(listening, &master);
// this will be changed by the \quit command (see below, bonus not in video!)
bool running = true;
safe_queue sq;
auto io_thread = thread([&] {
string s;
while (running && getline(std::cin, s, '\n')){
sq.add(s);
}
});//thread.
while (running)
{
// Make a copy of the master file descriptor set, this is SUPER important because
// the call to select() is _DESTRUCTIVE_. The copy only contains the sockets that
// are accepting inbound connection requests OR messages.
// E.g. You have a server and it's master file descriptor set contains 5 items;
// the listening socket and four clients. When you pass this set into select(),
// only the sockets that are interacting with the server are returned. Let's say
// only one client is sending a message at that time. The contents of 'copy' will
// be one socket. You will have LOST all the other sockets.
// SO MAKE A COPY OF THE MASTER LIST TO PASS INTO select() !!!
fd_set copy = master;
timeval tv = {0,0};
// See who's talking to us
int socketCount = select(0, ©, nullptr, nullptr, &tv);
for (int i = 0; i < socketCount; i++) {
//Accept a new connection
SOCKET sock = copy.fd_array[i];
if (sock == listening) {
//Accept a new connection
SOCKET client = accept(listening, nullptr, nullptr);
//Add a new connection
FD_SET(client, &master);
string mssg = "Welcome to the awesome chat server\n";
//Send a welcome message to the connected client
send(client, mssg.c_str(), mssg.size() + 1, 0);
}
}//for.
string mssg;
if (sq.pop(mssg) ) {
std::cout << "Send :" << mssg << endl;
for (u_int i = 0; i < master.fd_count; i++) {
SOCKET outsock = master.fd_array[i];
if (outsock != listening) {
send(outsock, mssg.c_str(), mssg.size() + 1, 0);
}
}
}
}//while
// Remove the listening socket from the master file descriptor set and close it
// to prevent anyone else trying to connect.
FD_CLR(listening, &master);
closesocket(listening);
// Message to let users know what's happening.
string msg = "Server is shutting down. Goodbye\r\n";
while (master.fd_count > 0)
{
// Get the socket number
SOCKET sock = master.fd_array[0];
// Send the goodbye message
send(sock, msg.c_str(), msg.size() + 1, 0);
// Remove it from the master file list and close the socket
FD_CLR(sock, &master);
closesocket(sock);
}
// Cleanup winsock
WSACleanup();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
I am tying to evaluate the performance of this simple client-server program setting it up in a way where a test client makes a fixed number of requests, say; 10000 and then see how long it takes the server to deal with these and then trying it with multiple clients in parallel since it runs with threads. Now I am wondering how to program this? (sorry just started with Winsock). I was also wondering if this is a proper implementation of threading and if not what could be improved and why. Thanks in advance
Test server code;
Server:
#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib") //header file
#include <WinSock2.h>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
SOCKET Connections[100];
int ConnectionCounter = 0;
void ClientHandlerThread(int index) //index = the index in the SOCKET Connections array
{
char buffer[256]; //Buffer to receive and send out messages from/to the clients
while (true)
{
recv(Connections[index], buffer, sizeof(buffer), NULL); //get message from client
for (int i = 0; i < ConnectionCounter; i++) //For each client connection
{
if (i == index) //Don't send the chat message to the same user who sent it
continue; //Skip user
send(Connections[i], buffer, sizeof(buffer), NULL);//send the chat message to this client
}
}
}
int main()
{
std::cout << "\n\n\n\n\n Server sucessfully turned on, awaiting for clients...\n\n\n\n\n";
//Winsock Startup
WSAData wsaData;
WORD DllVersion = MAKEWORD(2, 1);
if (WSAStartup(DllVersion, &wsaData) != 0) //initialise winsock library, if WSAStartup returns anything other than 0, then that means an error has occured in the WinSock Startup.
{
MessageBoxA(NULL, "WinSock startup failed", "Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
return 0;
}
SOCKADDR_IN addr; //Address that we will bind our listening socket to
int addrlen = sizeof(addr); //length of the address (required for accept call)
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); //Broadcast locally, using inet_address funtion that converts to correct long format.
addr.sin_port = htons(1111); //Port
addr.sin_family = AF_INET; //IPv4 Socket
SOCKET sListen = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, NULL); //Create socket to listen for new connections
bind(sListen, (SOCKADDR*)&addr, sizeof(addr)); //Bind the address to the socket
listen(sListen, SOMAXCONN); //Places sListen socket in a state in which it is listening for an incoming connection. Note:SOMAXCONN = Socket Oustanding Max Connections
SOCKET newConnection; //Socket to hold the client's connection
int ConnectionCounter = 0; //# of client connections
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
newConnection = accept(sListen, (SOCKADDR*)&addr, &addrlen); //Accept a new connection
if (newConnection == 0) //If accepting the client connection failed
{
std::cout << "Failed to accept the client's connection." << std::endl;
}
else //If client connection properly accepted
{
std::cout << "\n\n\nClient Connected!\n\n" << std::endl;
/* char MOTD[256] = "Welcome! This is the Message of the Day."; //Create buffer with message of the day
send(newConnection, MOTD, sizeof(MOTD), NULL); //Send MOTD buffer */
Connections[i] = newConnection; //Set socket in array to be the newest connection before creating the thread to handle this client's socket.
ConnectionCounter += 1; //Incremenent total # of clients that have connected
cout << "\nConnected Clients: ";
cout << ConnectionCounter;
CreateThread(NULL, NULL, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)ClientHandlerThread, (LPVOID)(i), NULL, NULL); //Create Thread to handle this client. The index in the socket array for this thread is the value (i).
}
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
Client:
#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib") //Required for WinSock
#include <WinSock2.h> //For win sockets
#include <string> //For std::string
#include <iostream> //For std::cout, std::endl, std::cin.getline
SOCKET Connection;//This client's connection to the server
void ClientThread()
{
char buffer[256]; //Create buffer to hold messages up to 256 characters
while (true)
{
recv(Connection, buffer, sizeof(buffer), NULL); //receive buffer
std::cout << buffer << std::endl; //print out buffer
}
}
int main()
{
//Winsock Startup
WSAData wsaData;
WORD DllVersion = MAKEWORD(2, 1);
if (WSAStartup(DllVersion, &wsaData) != 0)
{
MessageBoxA(NULL, "Winsock startup failed", "Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
return 0;
}
SOCKADDR_IN addr; //Address to be binded to our Connection socket
int sizeofaddr = sizeof(addr); //Need sizeofaddr for the connect function
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); //Address = localhost (this pc)
addr.sin_port = htons(1111); //Port = 1111
addr.sin_family = AF_INET; //IPv4 Socket
Connection = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, NULL); //Set Connection socket
if (connect(Connection, (SOCKADDR*)&addr, sizeofaddr) != 0) //If we are unable to connect...
{
MessageBoxA(NULL, "Failed to Connect", "Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
return 0; //Failed to Connect
}
std::cout << "Connected!" << std::endl;
CreateThread(NULL, NULL, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)ClientThread, NULL, NULL, NULL); //Create the client thread that will receive any data that the server sends.
char buffer[256]; //256 char buffer to send message
while (true)
{
std::cin.getline(buffer, sizeof(buffer)); //Get line if user presses enter and fill the buffer
send(Connection, buffer, sizeof(buffer), NULL); //Send buffer
Sleep(10);
}
return 0;
}
As #JerryCoffin said, using thread-per-client model burden the server by too many context switches between threads. Modern servers like Nginx web server use an asynchronous non-blocking model to reach scalability. I have developed such an architecture recently. To get more familiar with this model, I provide some useful links for you.
Start with the following to get more familiar with the concept:
Inside NGINX: How We Designed for Performance & Scale
You need to know re-actor and pro-actor design patterns. You can implement them using select() or similar facilities.
Example: Nonblocking I/O and select()
There are also some nice implementations of them in libraries like boost, POCO, and ACE. Personally, I recommend you take a look at the boost asio library. You can find full documentation, tutorial, and examples here.
Boost.Asio
I am new to c++. I understand Object Oriented Programming.
I followed a tutorial and put together this Client/Server code. I would now like to add a message to the server when a client is disconnected.
im using vs11
Server:
#include "main.h"
using namespace std;
void main ( )
{
long answer;
WSAData wsaData;
WORD DLLVERSION;
DLLVERSION = MAKEWORD(2,1);
answer = WSAStartup(DLLVERSION, &wsaData);
//WINSOCK LOADED
SOCKADDR_IN addr;
int addrlen = sizeof(addr);
SOCKET sListen;
SOCKET sConnect;
SOCKET* Connections;
static int ConCounter = 0;
Connections = (SOCKET*)calloc(64, sizeof(SOCKET));
sConnect = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,NULL);
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
addr.sin_port = htons(1234);
sListen = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,NULL);
bind(sListen, (SOCKADDR*)&addr, sizeof(addr));
listen(sListen, SOMAXCONN);
for(;;)
{
cout << "Wating for connection..." <<endl;
if(sConnect = accept(sListen, (SOCKADDR*)&addr, &addrlen))
{
Connections[ConCounter] = sConnect;
cout << "Connection found " << ConCounter <<endl;
answer = send(Connections[ConCounter], "YourMessage", 12, NULL);
ConCounter++;
}
}
}
Client:
#include "main.h"
using namespace std;
void main ( )
{
string confirm;
char message[200];
string strmessage;
long answer;
WSAData wsaData;
WORD DLLVersion;
DLLVersion = MAKEWORD(2,1);
answer = WSAStartup(DLLVersion, &wsaData);
SOCKADDR_IN addr;
int addrlen = sizeof(addr);
SOCKET sConnect;
sConnect = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM,NULL);
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
addr.sin_port = htons(1234);
cout << "Do you want to connect to the Server? [Y/N]" <<endl;
cin >> confirm;
if(confirm == "N")
{
exit(1);
}
else
{
if(confirm == "Y")
{
connect(sConnect, (SOCKADDR*)&addr, sizeof(addr));
answer = recv(sConnect, message, sizeof(message), NULL);
strmessage = message;
cout << strmessage <<endl;
getchar();
}
}
getchar();
}
You can't detect it with your present code, because all your present server does is send one message to a newly accepted connection, which isn't likely to fail, and then completely forget about that connection., including leaking its socket into hyperspace.
You need to either start a new thread per connection, that will deal with all I/O on that connection including disconnects (signaled by recv() returning zero) or errors (signaled by -1 returns from send() or recv())., or else go to Async or multiplexed I/O, which is two whole nuther kettles of fish.
The following c++ program should convert each line to uppercase using socket datagram to communicate between two threads.
Example:
Hello World!<return>
HELLO WORLD!
123abc!<return>
123ABC!
<return>
<end program>
The program as written works for me, however if I comment the bugfix() function call in the main the program wait indefinitely after the first line of input.
Example:
Hello World!<return>
<the program wait indefinitely>
This happen on windows 7 with the last update as 10/04/2011 using the last MinGW32.
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cctype>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <winsock.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <process.h>
using namespace std;
#define CHECK(exp, cond) do { typeof(exp) _check_value_ = exp; check(_check_value_ cond, _check_value_, __LINE__, #exp #cond); } while(0)
template <class T>
void check(bool ok, T value, int line, const char* text) {
if (!ok) {
cerr << "ERROR(" << line << "):" << text << "\nReturned: " << value << endl;
cerr << "errno=" << errno << endl;
cerr << "WSAGetLastError()=" << WSAGetLastError() << endl;
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
#define DATA_CAPACITY 1000
#define PORT 23584
#define TEST_IP "192.0.32.10"
#define MYSELF "127.0.0.1"
#define DST_IP MYSELF
sockaddr_in address(u_long ip, u_short port) {
sockaddr_in addr = { };
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
addr.sin_port = port;
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = ip;
return addr;
}
void __cdecl client_thread(void* args) {
SOCKET s = *(SOCKET*)args;
sockaddr_in addr = address(inet_addr(DST_IP), htons(PORT));
char data[DATA_CAPACITY];
while (1) {
cin.getline(data, DATA_CAPACITY);
int data_len = strlen(data);
CHECK(sendto(s, data, data_len, 0, (sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof addr), >= 0);
CHECK(recvfrom(s, data, DATA_CAPACITY, 0, NULL, NULL), >= 0);
cout << data << endl;
if (data_len == 0)
break;
}
CHECK(closesocket(s), == 0);
}
void __cdecl server_thread(void* args) {
SOCKET s = *(SOCKET*)args;
sockaddr_in addr = address(INADDR_ANY, htons(PORT));
int addr_size = sizeof addr;
CHECK(bind(s, (sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof addr), != SOCKET_ERROR);
char data[DATA_CAPACITY];
while (1) {
int data_len = recvfrom(s, data, DATA_CAPACITY, 0, (sockaddr*)&addr, &addr_size);
CHECK(data_len, >= 0);
for (int i = 0; i < data_len; i++)
if (islower(data[i]))
data[i] = toupper(data[i]);
CHECK(sendto(s, data, data_len, 0, (sockaddr*)&addr, addr_size), >= 0);
if (data_len == 0)
break;
}
CHECK(closesocket(s), == 0);
}
// This function create a TCP connection with www.example.com and the close it
void bugfix() {
SOCKET s = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
sockaddr_in addr = address(inet_addr(TEST_IP), htons(80));
connect(s, (sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof addr);
CHECK(closesocket(s), == 0);
}
int main()
{
cout << "Convert text to uppercase, an empty line terminate the program" << endl;
WSADATA wsaData;
CHECK(WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData), == 0);
SOCKET client = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
SOCKET server = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
CHECK(client, != INVALID_SOCKET);
CHECK(server, != INVALID_SOCKET);
// if this function is not called the program doesn't work
bugfix();
HANDLE hClient = (HANDLE)_beginthread(client_thread, 0, &client);
HANDLE hServer = (HANDLE)_beginthread(server_thread, 0, &server);
HANDLE h[] = { hClient, hServer };
WaitForMultipleObjects(sizeof h / sizeof *h, h, TRUE, INFINITE);
CHECK(WSACleanup(), == 0);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
int data_len = strlen(data);
Tony Hoare called his definition of a NULL pointer his billion dollar mistake. Having strings zero-terminated must be Dennnis Ritchie's ten billion dollar mistake. Add one.
Your program is otherwise an elaborate way to discover that UDP is not a reliable protocol. The network stack is allowed to arbitrarily make UDP packets disappear or reorder them. Which is okay as long as there's another protocol on top of it that detects this, like TCP. You are flying without such bandaids, bugfix() is not actually a workaround.
Use TCP, send the packet length first so that the receiver will know how many bytes are following so you're immune to stream behavior. But more to the point, exchanging data between threads through a socket is a really expensive way to avoid using an array with a mutex. Threads have unfettered access to memory in the process, you don't need an interprocess communication mechanism to get them to exchange data.
I see several problems right off the bat.
I normally don't use IPPROTO_UDP flag to create the socket. Just pass 0 for the protocol parameter to the socket.
SOCKET client = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
SOCKET server = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
More important. You need to call "bind" on the client socket in the same way that you do the server socket. If you want the OS to pick a randomly available port for you, you can use 0 as the port value and IPADDR_ANY for the IP address. If you want to know what the OS picked as a local port for you, you can use getsockname. Something like the following:
void __cdecl client_thread(void* args) {
SOCKET s = *(SOCKET*)args;
sockaddr_in addr = address(inet_addr(DST_IP), htons(PORT));
sockaddr_in localAddrBind = address(INADDR_ANY, 0);
sockaddr_in localAddrActual = {};
int length = sizeof(localAddrActual);
int bindRet = bind(s, (sockaddr*)&localAddrBind, sizeof(localAddrBind));
getsockname(s, (sockaddr*)&localAddrActual, &length);
printf("Listening on port %d\n", ntohs(localAddrActual.sin_port));