Making Snake Game in Cpp Movement of Snake - c++

Question

I'm beginner to C++. i'm making a snake game in c++ simple game console based. without using any graphics. i had done almost 60% of work the only thing which makes me confuse is the movement of snake after eating "fruit". Below is my code if someone can help me please it'll be very helpful or i want you to give me any hint so that i can continue my code
Here is my header file
snake.h:
#ifndef SNAKE_H
#define SNAKE_H
class snake
{
private:
char key;
int x1, y1, x2, y2, n;
char keyp;
public:
snake()
{
x1=28; y1=12; x2=0; y2=0; n=1;
}
void gotoxy(int x, int y);
void frame();
char movement(char keyp);
char rmove();
char lmove();
char umove();
char dmove();
void rstar();
void rcstar();
void options();
};
#endif // SNAKE_H
Here is my snake.cpp File
Snake.cpp
#include "snake.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;
//gotoxy function
COORD coord={0,0};
void snake::gotoxy(int x,int y)
{
coord.X=x;
coord.Y=y;
SetConsoleCursorPosition(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE),coord);
}
void snake::frame()
{
for(int i=0;i<=78;i++)
cout << char(45);
for(int i=1;i<22;i++)
{
gotoxy(0,i);
cout << char(124);
gotoxy(63,i);
cout << char(124);
gotoxy(78,i);
cout << char(124);
}
cout << endl;
for(int i=0;i<=78;i++)
cout << char(45);
}
char snake::rmove()
{
for(;x1<=63;x1++)
{
Sleep(200);
if(x1==62)
{
x1=1;
gotoxy(61,y1);
cout << " ";
}
if(x1!=1)
{
gotoxy(x1-1,y1);
cout << " ";
gotoxy(x1,y1);
cout << "*";
}
rcstar();
if(kbhit())
{
keyp=getch();
if(keyp=='a' || keyp=='A' || keyp=='d' || keyp=='D')
continue;
else
break;
}
}
return keyp;
}
char snake::lmove()
{
for(x1;x1>=0;x1--)
{
Sleep(200);
if(x1==0)
{
x1=62;
gotoxy(1,y1);
cout << " ";
}
if(x1!=62)
{
gotoxy(x1+1,y1);
cout << " ";
gotoxy(x1,y1);
cout << "*";
}
rcstar();
if(kbhit())
{
keyp=getch();
if(keyp=='d' || keyp=='D' || keyp=='a' || keyp=='A')
continue;
else
break;
}
}
return keyp;
}
char snake::umove()
{
for(;y1>=0;y1--)
{
Sleep(200);
if(y1==0)
{
y1=21;
gotoxy(x1,1);
cout << " ";
}
if(y1!=21)
{
gotoxy(x1,y1+1);
cout << " ";
gotoxy(x1,y1);
cout << "*";
}
rcstar();
if(kbhit())
{
keyp=getch();
if(keyp=='s' || keyp=='S' || keyp=='w' || keyp=='W')
continue;
else
break;
}
}
return keyp;
}
char snake::dmove()
{
for(;y1<=22;y1++)
{
Sleep(200);
if(y1==22)
{
y1=1;
gotoxy(x1,21);
cout << " ";
}
if(y1!=1)
{
gotoxy(x1,y1-1);
cout << " ";
gotoxy(x1,y1);
cout << "*";
}
rcstar();
if(kbhit())
{
keyp=getch();
if(keyp=='w' || keyp=='W' || keyp=='s' || keyp=='S')
continue;
else
break;
}
}
return keyp;
}
char snake::movement(char keyp)
{
switch(keyp)
{
case 'w':
keyp=umove();
break;
case 's':
keyp=dmove();
break;
case 'd':
keyp=rmove();
break;
case 'a':
keyp=lmove();
break;
}
return keyp;
}
void snake::rcstar()
{
if(x1==x2 && y1==y2)
{
rstar();
n++;
}
gotoxy(65,8);
cout << "Score : " << n-1;
}
void snake::rstar()
{
x2 = rand()%61+1;
y2 = rand()%21+1;
gotoxy(x2, y2);
cout << "*";
}
void snake::options()
{
gotoxy(64,4);
cout << "[P] Pause";
gotoxy(64,5);
cout << "[K] Difficulty";
gotoxy(64,6);
cout << "[Q] Quit";
gotoxy(66,9);
cout << "High Score";
gotoxy(70,10);
cout << "0";
gotoxy(66,13);
cout << "SNAKE 2K ";
gotoxy(65,15);
cout << "Created By";
gotoxy(66,17);
cout << "Khurram";
}
And Here is main main.cpp file
main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include "snake.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
snake a1;
char kph;
a1.load();
system("cls");
a1.frame();
a1.gotoxy(28,12);
cout << "*";
a1.rstar();
a1.options();
kph=getch();
do
{
if(kph=='w' || kph=='s' || kph=='a' || kph=='d')
kph=a1.movement(kph);
else if(kph=='q')
break;
else if(kph=='p' || kph=='P')
kph=getch();
else if(kph=='k' || kph=='K')
{ kph=a1.difficulty(); }
else
continue;
}
while(kph!='q');
a1.gotoxy(0,24);
return 0;
}
First of all i want to say that i know this code is really messed up but i'm beginner and still learning how to make a good program.
Please help me to complete this program.

Answer 1

You are going to need to save the coordinates (positions) of each segment of the snake. You will need to prepend a head and erase a tail segment. You will save the coordinates in a container.
There are many containers such as std::vector, std::list, std::stack and std::deque. I recommend std::deque. This allows you to push new segment coordinates into the back and pop the oldest segment from the top.
The std::deque structure allows growth too. You can push more items than you pop and also pop more than push (until the container is empty).
You can also do this the more difficult method and use an array or std::vector. You would erase the tail (using the coordinates at the end of the array), then move all the coordinates down (to make room for a new head coordinate), then set the first slot to the new coordinate.
Also, please invest some time with your debugger. Debugging your program is a lot faster than using StackOverflow to debug it. Most of us don't have the time to take your program, use a debugger, to find out where the issues are. If the issue is not obvious to most people in the first minute, your question is less likely to be answered (thus more downvotes).

Answer 2

Why are you making 3 programs. Here is how you do it. Make good use of OOP man !
#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;
bool gameOver;
const int width = 40;
const int height = 20;
int x, y, fruitX, fruitY, score;
int tailX[100], tailY[100];
int ntail;
enum edirecton { STOP = 0, LEFT, RIGHT, UP, DOWN };
edirecton dir;
void Setup()
{
gameOver = false;
dir = STOP;
x = width / 2;
y = height / 2;
fruitX = rand() % width;
fruitY = rand() % height;
score = 0;
}
void Draw()
{
system("cls");
for (int i = 0; i < width + 2; i++)
cout << "|";
cout << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < height; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < width; j++)
{
if (j == 0)
cout << "|";
if (i == y && j == x)
cout << "O";
else if (i == fruitY && j == fruitX)
cout << "F";
else
{
bool print = false;
for (int k = 0; k < ntail; k++)
{
if (tailX[k] == j && tailY[k] == i)
{
cout << "o";
print = true;
}
}
if (!print)
cout << " ";
}
if (j == width - 1)
cout << "|";
}
cout << endl;
}
for (int i = 0; i < width + 2; i++)
cout << "|";
cout << endl;
cout << "Score= " << score << endl;
}
void Input()
{
if (_kbhit())
{
switch (_getch())
{
case 'a':
dir = LEFT;
break;
case 'd':
dir = RIGHT;
break;
case 'w':
dir = UP;
break;
case 's':
dir = DOWN;
break;
case 'x':
gameOver = true;
break;
}
}
}
void Logic()
{
int prevX = tailX[0];
int prevY = tailY[0];
int prev2X, prev2Y;
tailX[0] = x;
tailY[0] = y;
for (int i = 1; i < ntail; i++)
{
prev2X = tailX[i];
prev2Y = tailY[i];
tailX[i] = prevX;
tailY[i] = prevY;
prevX = prev2X;
prevY = prev2Y;
}
switch (dir)
{
case LEFT:
x--;
break;
case RIGHT:
x++;
break;
case UP:
y--;
break;
case DOWN:
y++;
break;
default:
break;
}
//if (x > width || x<0 || y>height || y < 0)
//gameOver = true;
if (x >= width)
x = 0;
else if (x < 0)
x = width - 1;
if (y >= height)
y = 0;
else if (y < 0)
y = height - 1;
for (int i = 0; i < ntail; i++)
{
if (tailX[i] == x && tailY[i] == y)
gameOver = true;
}
if (x == fruitX && y == fruitY)
{
score += 10;
fruitX = rand() % width;
fruitY = rand() % height;
ntail++;
}
}
int main()
{
Setup();
while (!gameOver)
{
Draw();
Input();
Logic();
Sleep(80);
}
return 0;
}