Give alpha to an object OpenGL ES - opengl

I am new on OpenGl and what I want to achieve is to give a texture the alpha from 1.0 to 0.0
I has been searching and only found "how to load alpha in images" but I cant find how to apply alpha to an object
I has been tried with:
gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_ALPHA_TEST);
alpha += 0.002f;
if(alpha > 1) alpha = 1f;
gl.glAlphaFunc(GL10.GL_EQUAL, alpha);
But it doesnt work, How I can give alpha value(To make the effect of fade) to an object/texture?
This is my class
public class Palabra {
public float posX = 0f;
public float posY = 0f;
public float scaleX = 2f;
public float scaleY = 2f;
public float alpha= 0.5f;
public State estado;
private FloatBuffer vertexBuffer, texBuffer; // Buffer for vertex-array
private float[] vertices = { // Vertices for a face
0.0f, 0.0f, 0.2f, // 0. left-bottom-front
2.1f, 0.0f, 0.2f, // 1. right-bottom-front
0.0f, 0.35f, 0.2f, // 2. left-top-front
2.1f, 0.35f, 0.2f // 3. right-top-front
};
float[] texCoords = { // Texture coords for the above face
0.00f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // A. left-bottom
1.00f, 0.0f, 1.0f, // B. right-bottom
0.00f, 0.2f, 1.0f, // C. left-top
1.00f, 0.2f, 1.0f // D. right-top
};
public enum State {
MISS, NORMAL,GREAT,AWESOME,PERFECT;
}
public Palabra(int a) {
// Setup vertex-array buffer. Vertices in float. An float has 4 bytes
ByteBuffer vbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length * 4);
vbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); // Use native byte order
vertexBuffer = vbb.asFloatBuffer(); // Convert from byte to float
vertexBuffer.put(vertices); // Copy data into buffer
vertexBuffer.position(0); // Rewind
// Setup texture-coords-array buffer, in float. An float has 4 bytes
// (NEW)
ByteBuffer tbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(texCoords.length * 4);
tbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
texBuffer = tbb.asFloatBuffer();
texBuffer.put(texCoords);
texBuffer.position(0);
posX = (float) 0.00f;
switch(a)
{
case 0:
posY = (float) 1f;
break;
case 1:
posY = (float) 1.5f;
break;
case 2:
posY = (float) 2f;
break;
case 3:
posY = (float) 2.5f;
break;
case 4:
posY = (float) 3f;
break;
}
}
public void draw(GL10 gl)
{
gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW);
gl.glLoadIdentity();
gl.glPushMatrix();
gl.glTranslatef(posX, posY, 0f);
gl.glScalef(scaleX, scaleY, 0f);
scaleX -= 0.02f;
scaleY -= 0.02f;
posX += 0.02f;
if(scaleX < 1)
{
scaleX = 1f;
posX -= 0.02f;
}
if(scaleY < 1) scaleY = 1f;
gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_TEXTURE);
gl.glLoadIdentity();
switch(this.estado)
{
case AWESOME:
gl.glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.2f, 0f);
break;
case GREAT:
gl.glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.4f, 0f);
break;
case NORMAL:
gl.glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.6f, 0f);
break;
case MISS:
gl.glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.8f, 0f);
break;
case PERFECT:
break;
}
gl.glFrontFace(GL10.GL_CCW); // Front face in counter-clockwise
// orientation
gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_CULL_FACE); // Enable cull face
gl.glCullFace(GL10.GL_BACK); // Cull the back face (don't display)
gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, vertexBuffer);
gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); // Enable
// texture-coords-array
// (NEW)
gl.glTexCoordPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, texBuffer); // Define
// texture-coords
// buffer (NEW)
gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_BLEND);
gl.glBlendFunc(GL10.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL10.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
// front
gl.glBindTexture(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D, TextureLoader.palabrasIDs[0]);
gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY); // Disable
// texture-coords-array
// (NEW)
gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
gl.glDisable(GL10.GL_CULL_FACE);
gl.glDisable(GL10.GL_BLEND);
gl.glPopMatrix();
}
}

I made it!
That is the code
gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_BLEND);
gl.glBlendFunc(GL10.GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL10.GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
gl.glColor4f(1f, 1f, 1f,alpha);
alpha -= 0.002f;
if(alpha < 0) alpha = 0f;

Related

2D basic transformation combination

I have a 2D transformation problem in OpenGL. My program draws two letters on screen and, by pressing assigned keys, letters have to move up (GLUT_KEY_UP) down (GLUT_KEY_DOWN) left (GLUT_KEY_LEFT) right (GLUT_KEY_RIGHT) and rotate CW (GLUT_KEY_HOME) and CCW (GLUT_KEY_END). (On keys GLUT_KEY_PAGE_UP and GLUT_KEY_PAGE_DOWN both letters rotate around their own centers simultaniously in oposite directions, pressing e.g. GLUT_KEY_UP after GLUT_KEY_PAGE_UP moves both letters in a correct direction).
I can't make the letters do the correct movement (up, down, left or right) after the objects had been rotated with GLUT_KEY_HOME or GLUT_KEY_END:
case GLUT_KEY_HOME: //rotate clockwise around the center of the model
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
setRotationMatrix(-angle, modelSizeX, modelSizeY);
glMultMatrixf(rotationMatrix); // multiply current Modelview Matrix by rotate-and-translate matrix
display();
break;
Function that 'sets' the rotation matrix inserts angle and rotation point into Identity matrix [4x4]:
void setRotationMatrix(float theta, float x0, float y0)
{
theta = theta * (2 * acos(0.0)) / 180; // convert theta from degrees to radian
rotationMatrix[0] = cos(theta);
rotationMatrix[1] = sin(theta);
rotationMatrix[4] = -sin(theta);
rotationMatrix[5] = cos(theta);
rotationMatrix[12] = ((x0 * 0.5f) * (1 - cos(theta)) + (y0 * 0.5f) * sin(theta));
rotationMatrix[13] = ((y0 * 0.5f) * (1 - cos(theta)) - (x0 * 0.5f) * sin(theta));
}
After the objects have been rotated, if I press KEY_UP, they move not 'up' (in normal direction against x axis ) but in the direction normal to the horizontal plane of the object after rotation (slightly sideways).
case GLUT_KEY_UP:
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glTranslated(0, delta, 0);
display();
break;
how do I make it move straightly to the 'north', meaning, not the 'north' of the object but the 'north' of my coordinate system?
#include <Windows.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <vector>
#include <fstream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
#define EscKey 27
#define PlusKey 43
#define MinusKey 45
struct Point
{
int x, y;
};
double pi = 2 * acos(0.0);
void reshape(int w, int h);
void display();
void drawInitials();
void processNormalKeys(unsigned char key, int x, int y);
void processSpecialKeys(int key, int x, int y);
void setRotationMatrix(float theta, float x0, float y0);
void readFromFile();
void lineto(Point p);
void moveto(Point p);
void drawM();
void drawJ();
vector <Point> point;
vector <int> code;
Point currentPoint;
int modelSizeX = 202; int modelSizeY = 89;
int letterMSizeX = 107; int letterJSizeX = 78;
int delta = 5; // movement size
float zoomRate = 0.1; // scale-and-translate rate: 0.1 = resize by 10%
float angle = 1, rotaterR = 1 * pi / 180, rotater, angleCount = 0.0; // saved rotation angle
GLfloat modelviewStateMatrix[16];
int windowSizeX, windowSizeY;
boolean separate = false;
float rotationMatrix[16] = { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
float plusKeyMatrix[16] = { 1.0f + zoomRate, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f + zoomRate, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
-(modelSizeX * zoomRate * 0.5f), -(modelSizeY * zoomRate * 0.5f), 0.0f, 1.0f };
float minusKeyMatrix[16] = { 1.0f - zoomRate, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f - zoomRate, 0.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
modelSizeX * zoomRate * 0.5f, modelSizeY * zoomRate * 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
void readFromFile()
{
fstream f("initials_points_2.txt", ios::in);
int pointNumber;
Point p;
f >> pointNumber;
for (int i = 0; i < pointNumber;i++)
{
f >> p.x >> p.y;
point.push_back(p);
}
int movesNumber, m;
f >> movesNumber;
for (int i = 0; i < movesNumber; i++)
{
f >> m; code.push_back(m);
}
f.close();
}
void moveto(Point p)
{
currentPoint.x = p.x; currentPoint.y = p.y;
}
void lineto(Point p)
{
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glVertex2i(currentPoint.x, currentPoint.y);
glVertex2i(p.x, p.y);
glEnd();
currentPoint.x = p.x; currentPoint.y = p.y;
}
void setRotationMatrix(float theta, float x0, float y0)
{
theta = theta * (2 * acos(0.0)) / 180; // convert theta from degrees to radian
rotationMatrix[0] = cos(theta);
rotationMatrix[1] = sin(theta);
rotationMatrix[4] = -sin(theta);
rotationMatrix[5] = cos(theta);
rotationMatrix[12] = ((x0 * 0.5f) * (1 - cos(theta)) + (y0 * 0.5f) * sin(theta));
rotationMatrix[13] = ((y0 * 0.5f) * (1 - cos(theta)) - (x0 * 0.5f) * sin(theta));
}
void drawM()
{
int i = 1;
moveto(point[0]);
while (code[i] > 0 && i < code.size())
{
lineto(point[code[i] - 1]);
i++;
}
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glVertex3f(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(letterMSizeX, 0.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(letterMSizeX, 0.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(letterMSizeX, modelSizeY, 0.0);
glVertex3f(letterMSizeX, modelSizeY, 0.0);
glVertex3f(0.0, modelSizeY, 0.0);
glVertex3f(0.0, modelSizeY, 0.0);
glVertex3f(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glEnd();
glColor3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glVertex2i(0, 0); glVertex2i(letterMSizeX, modelSizeY);
glVertex2i(letterMSizeX, 0); glVertex2i(0, modelSizeY);
glEnd();
}
void drawJ()
{
glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
int i = 14;
moveto(point[-1 * (code[i]) - 1]);
i++;
while (i < code.size())
{
lineto(point[code[i] - 1]);
i++;
}
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glVertex3f((modelSizeX - letterJSizeX), 0.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f((modelSizeX - letterJSizeX), modelSizeY, 0.0);
glVertex3f((modelSizeX - letterJSizeX), modelSizeY, 0.0);
glVertex3f(modelSizeX, modelSizeY, 0.0);
glVertex3f(modelSizeX, modelSizeY, 0.0);
glVertex3f(modelSizeX, 0.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(modelSizeX, 0.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f((modelSizeX - letterJSizeX), 0.0, 0.0);
glEnd();
glColor3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glVertex2i(letterMSizeX + 17, 0); glVertex2i(modelSizeX, modelSizeY);
glVertex2i(letterMSizeX + 17, modelSizeY); glVertex2i(modelSizeX, 0);
glEnd();
}
void drawInitials()
{
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glPushMatrix();
setRotationMatrix(-rotater, letterMSizeX, modelSizeY);
glMultMatrixf(rotationMatrix); // multiply current Modelview Matrix by rotate-and-translate matrix
drawM();
glTranslatef(-letterMSizeX * 0.5, -modelSizeY * 0.5, 0);
glPopMatrix();
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef((modelSizeX - letterJSizeX), 0, 0);
setRotationMatrix(rotater, letterJSizeX, modelSizeY);
glMultMatrixf(rotationMatrix); // multiply current Modelview Matrix by rotate-and-translate matrix
glTranslatef(-(modelSizeX - letterJSizeX), 0, 0);
drawJ();
glPopMatrix();
}
void processNormalKeys(unsigned char key, int x, int y)
{
switch (key)
{
case EscKey:
exit(0);
break;
case PlusKey: // "zoom in"
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glMultMatrixf(plusKeyMatrix); // multiply current Modelview Matrix by scale-and-translate matrix
display();
break;
case MinusKey: // "zoom out"
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glMultMatrixf(minusKeyMatrix); // multiply current Modelview Matrix by scale-and-translate matrix
display();
break;
}
}
void processSpecialKeys(int key, int x, int y) {
switch (key) {
case GLUT_KEY_UP:
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glTranslated(0, delta, 0);
display();
break;
case GLUT_KEY_DOWN:
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glTranslated(0, -delta, 0);
display();
break;
case GLUT_KEY_LEFT:
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glTranslated(-delta, 0, 0);
display();
break;
case GLUT_KEY_RIGHT:
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glTranslated(delta, 0, 0);
display();
break;
case GLUT_KEY_HOME: //rotate clockwise around the center of the model
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
setRotationMatrix(-angle, modelSizeX, modelSizeY);
glMultMatrixf(rotationMatrix); // multiply current Modelview Matrix by rotate-and-translate matrix
display();
break;
case GLUT_KEY_END: //rotate counterclockwise around the center of the model
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
setRotationMatrix(angle, modelSizeX, modelSizeY);
glMultMatrixf(rotationMatrix); // multiply current Modelview Matrix by rotate-and-translate matrix
display();
break;
case GLUT_KEY_PAGE_UP:
rotater -= rotaterR;
if (rotater <= -2 * pi)
rotater += 2 * pi;
display();
break;
case GLUT_KEY_PAGE_DOWN:
rotater += rotaterR;
if (rotater >= 2 * pi)
rotater -= 2 * pi;
display();
break;
}
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
currentPoint.x = 0; currentPoint.y = 0;
readFromFile();
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB);
glutInitWindowSize(800, 600);
glutInitWindowPosition(100, 150);
glutCreateWindow("OpenGL lab");
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
glutKeyboardFunc(processNormalKeys);
glutSpecialFunc(processSpecialKeys);
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}
void reshape(int w, int h)
{
glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
windowSizeX = w;
windowSizeY = h;
gluOrtho2D(-modelSizeX, modelSizeX * 2, -modelSizeY, modelSizeY * 2); // World size
}
void display()
{
glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 0);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glPushMatrix();
glLoadIdentity();
glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glVertex2i(-windowSizeX, 0); glVertex2i(windowSizeX, 0);
glVertex2i(0, -windowSizeY); glVertex2i(0, windowSizeY);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glColor3d(1, 0, 0);
drawInitials();
glPointSize(5);
glBegin(GL_POINTS);
glVertex3f(modelSizeX * 0.5, modelSizeY * 0.5, 0.0);
glVertex3f(letterMSizeX * 0.5, modelSizeY * 0.5, 0.0);
glVertex3f(letterJSizeX * 0.5 + letterMSizeX + 17, modelSizeY * 0.5, 0.0);
glEnd();
glFlush();
}
vertices file: initials_points_2.txt
I was trying to:
encapsulate _HOME/_END rotation with glPushMatrix()/glPopMatrix()
revert the rotation after the drawal of the object by multiplying MODELVIEW matrix with (-angle, same point)
was trying to drop glMultMatrix() and use glTranslate(), glRotate()
none of them had worked as I intended
Consider the following steps:
At first, rotate the object on the object coordinate system.
Next, place the object into the space (coordinate system) that you are considering the directions {up, down, left, and right} in.
i.e. for first rotation, the center must be the value in the object coordinate system. For example, object coordinate system is often defined as the origin equals to the center of object. In this case, rotation center is (0,0,0).
glPushMatrix();
//2nd step : Place the object
glTranslatef( ... );
//1st step : rotate the object
glRotatef( ... );
//object draw code
//(all vertex value is in the object coordinate system)
glPopMatrix();
I found out what I was doing wrong: buttons GLUT_KEY_HOME/GLUT_KEY_END should be performing rotations similar to those of GLUT_KEY_PAGE_UP/GLUT_KEY_PAGE_DOWN:
increase current rotation angle for the whole model (new variable to save rotation angle around the middle of the model);
call display method();
Then, inside display() method:
push current matrix into stack;
rotate model by the angle;
another push matrix into stack
rotate letters by the rotater variable changed in PAGE_UP/PAGE_DOWN
draw letters
pop matrix
pop matrix;
Code on keys:
case GLUT_KEY_HOME: //rotate clockwise around the center of the model
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
angle -= rotationRate;
if (angle <= -2 * pi)
angle += 2 * pi;
display();
break;
case GLUT_KEY_END: //rotate counterclockwise around the center of the model
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
angle += rotationRate;
if (angle >= 2 * pi)
angle -= 2 * pi;
display();
break;
edited drawInitials() method (called from display() method):
void drawInitials()
{
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glPushMatrix();
setRotationMatrix(angle, modelSizeX, modelSizeY); //set rotation matrix to rotate around the center of the model by current angle
glMultMatrixf(rotationMatrix); // multiply current Modelview Matrix by rotate-and-translate matrix
glPushMatrix();
setRotationMatrix(-rotater, letterMSizeX, modelSizeY); //set to rotate around the center of the letter M by current rotater Clockwise
glMultMatrixf(rotationMatrix); // multiply current Modelview Matrix by rotate-and-translate matrix
drawM();
glPopMatrix();
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef((modelSizeX - letterJSizeX), 0, 0); // move OX axis by the size of letter M + space between the letters
setRotationMatrix(rotater, letterJSizeX, modelSizeY);//set to rotate around the center of the letter J by current rotater Counter Clockwise
glMultMatrixf(rotationMatrix); // multiply current Modelview Matrix by rotate-and-translate matrix
glTranslatef(-(modelSizeX - letterJSizeX), 0, 0); // return OX axis to its previous place
drawJ();
glPopMatrix();
glPopMatrix();
}
In setRotationMatrix() remove conversion into radian;
Add new variable rotationRate to use it as an incriment for both rotations:
float angle;
// saved rotation angle around center of the model (radian)
float rotater;
// rotater - saved rotation angle around center of the letter (radian)
float rotationRate = 1 * pi / 180; // rotation rate (radian), ex rotaterR

My FPS camera is going crazy what I should do to fix it? Also Warning C26451 Arithmetic overflow

NOTE I know that my plane and the cylinder are badly built but their purpose is just to have something to see on the screen. Considering (px,py,pz), the camera position, and (dx, dy, dz), the view direction.
Important: My camera should follow a structure similar to the one I implemented here, so I can't use glRotate, glTranslate everything has to be done manually, the imposition of my teacher sadly, And also I am using Visual Studio.
FIX: My translations are all ok now I fixed a thing in the case GLUT_KEY_LEFT and GLUT_KEY_RIGTH.
Problem: Now the remaning problem is in the mouse_motion, when I click with left mouse button and drag the mouse around the screen my camera changes it direction really fast and sometimes when I go up it faces down its strange and hard to describe XD.
Warning: Warning C26451 Arithmetic overflow: Using operator '+' on a 4 byte value and then casting the result to a 8 byte value. Cast the value to the wider type before calling operator '+' to avoid overflow (io.2). class2 main.cpp 199 .
This is my the line that says gluLookAt(px, py, pz, px+dx, py+dy, pz+dz, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); How can I fix it?
Camera: I just want the motion of the mouse to allow me to define the direction I want to go and use the up, down, left, right keys to move.
#include <math.h>
#include <ctime>
#include <iostream>
#ifdef __APPLE__
#include <GLUT/glut.h>
#else
#include <GL/glut.h>
#endif
#define PI 3.1415926535897932384626433832795
//For Camera
#define GlUT_KEY_UP 72
#define KEY_DOWN 80
#define KEY_LEFT 75
#define KEY_RIGHT 77
// angle of rotation for the camera direction
float angle = 0.0f; //alpha
float angle1 = 0.0f; //beta
// actual vector representing the camera's direction
float dx = 0.0f;
float dy = 0.0f;
float dz = 1.0f;
// XZ position of the camera
float px = 0.0f;
float py = 0.0f;
float pz = 10.0f;
float speed = 1.0f;
float rotateSpeed = 0.0008f;
//For FPS
int timebase;
float frame;
void changeSize(int w, int h) {
// Prevent a divide by zero, when window is too short
// (you cant make a window with zero width).
if(h == 0)
h = 1;
// compute window's aspect ratio
float ratio = w * 1.0 / h;
// Set the projection matrix as current
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
// Load Identity Matrix
glLoadIdentity();
// Set the viewport to be the entire window
glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
// Set perspective
gluPerspective(45.0f ,ratio, 1.0f ,1000.0f);
// return to the model view matrix mode
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
}
// Draw Figures
void drawAxis() {
glBegin(GL_LINES);
// X axis in Red
glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(100.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(-100.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
// Y Axis in Green
glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(0.0f, 100.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(0.0f, -100.0f, 0.0f);
// Z Axis in Blue
glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 100.0f);
glVertex3f(0.0f, 0.0f, -100.0f);
glEnd();
}
void drawPlane(float width) {
width/=2;
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);
glColor3f(4.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3d(width, 0,width);
glVertex3d(width, 0, -width);
glVertex3d(-width, 0,-width);
glColor3f(3.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3d(width, 0, width);
glVertex3d(-width, 0, -width);
glVertex3d(-width, 0, width);
glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3d(width, 0, -width);
glVertex3d(width, 0, width);
glVertex3d(-width, 0, -width);
glColor3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3d(-width, 0, -width);
glVertex3d(width, 0, width);
glVertex3d(-width, 0, width);
glEnd();
}
void drawCylinder(float radius, float height, int slices) {
float interval = 2 * PI / slices;
float next_a, next_h;
for (float a = 0; a < 2 * PI; a += interval) {
next_a = a + interval;
if (next_a > 2 * PI) {
next_a = 2 * PI;
}
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
//Top
glColor3f(0.698f, 0.133f, 0.133f);
glVertex3f(0.0f, height / 2, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(radius * sin(a), height / 2, radius * cos(a));
glVertex3f(radius * sin(next_a), height / 2, radius * cos(next_a));
//Bottom
glColor3f(0.698f, 0.133f, 0.133f);
glVertex3f(0.0f, -height / 2, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(radius * sin(next_a), -height / 2, radius * cos(next_a));
glVertex3f(radius * sin(a), -height / 2, radius * cos(a));
for (float h = -height / 2; h < height / 2; h += height) {
next_h = h + height;
if (next_h > height / 2) {
next_h = height / 2;
}
//Walls
glColor3f(1.0f, 0.271f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(radius * sin(next_a), next_h, radius * cos(next_a));
glVertex3f(radius * sin(a), next_h, radius * cos(a));
glVertex3f(radius * sin(next_a), h, radius * cos(next_a));
glColor3f((a + 0.05) / (2 * PI), (a + 0.3) / (2 * PI), (h + height / 2) / height);
glVertex3f(radius * sin(a), next_h, radius * cos(a));
glVertex3f(radius * sin(a), h, radius * cos(a));
glVertex3f(radius * sin(next_a), h, radius * cos(next_a));
}
glEnd();
}
}
void renderScene(void) {
// clear buffers
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// set the camera
glLoadIdentity();
//FPS Camera
gluLookAt(px, py, pz, px+dx, py+dy, pz+dz, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
// put the geometric transformations here
// put drawing instructions here
drawAxis();
drawPlane(4);
drawCylinder(1,3,30);
//FPS counter
frame++;
int final_time = glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME);
if (final_time - timebase > 1000) {
int fps = frame * 1000.0f / (final_time - timebase);
char title[(((sizeof fps) * CHAR_BIT) + 2) / 3 + 2];
sprintf(title,"FPS: %d", fps);
glutSetWindowTitle(title);
timebase = final_time;
frame = 0;
}
// End of frame
glutSwapBuffers();
}
//FPS Camera
void move(int key, int x, int y) {
switch (key) {
case GLUT_KEY_RIGHT: {
px -= (dz * speed);
pz += (dx * speed);
break;
}
case GLUT_KEY_LEFT: {
px += (dz * speed);
pz -= (dx * speed);
break;
}
case GLUT_KEY_UP: {
px += (dx * speed);
pz += (dz * speed);
break;
}
case GLUT_KEY_DOWN: {
px -= (dx * speed);
pz -= (dz * speed);
break;
}
default: {
break;
}
}
glutPostRedisplay();
}
void mouse_motion(int x, int y) {
float lx = x - 800;
float ly = y - 800;
angle = angle + lx * rotateSpeed;
angle1 = angle1 + ly * rotateSpeed;
dx = cos(angle1) * sin(angle);
dy = sin(angle1);
dz = cos(angle1) * cos(angle);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
// init GLUT and the window
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH|GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_RGBA);
glutInitWindowPosition(100,100);
glutInitWindowSize(800,800);
glutCreateWindow("CG");
// Required callback registry
glutIdleFunc(renderScene);
glutDisplayFunc(renderScene);
glutReshapeFunc(changeSize);
//FPS
timebase = glutGet(GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME);
// put here the registration of the keyboard callbacks
glutSpecialFunc(move);
glutMotionFunc(mouse_motion);
//glutPassiveMotionFunc(mouse_motion);
// OpenGL settings
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
// enter GLUT's main cycle
glutMainLoop();
return 1;
}

Can't rotate object around its own center on mouse click OpenGL

I succesfully managed to rotate my object but I need to right click on the object to stop its rotation. I don't know how to make the object to rotate just around its center and then stop, I'll attach the code to see exactly what's happening with this shape. The problem, I think, is with the spinDisplay() function... the thing is that I need to rotate around its center on left mouse click and on the right mouse click I should change the color of the object....
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "dependente\freeglut\freeglut.h"
#include "dependente\glfw\glfw3.h"
#include <stdio.h> //incluziuni librarii
float ORG[3] = { 0,0,0 };
static GLfloat spin = 0.0;
GLfloat viewangle = 0, tippangle = 0, traj[120][3]; //variabila pentru unghi camera
GLfloat d[3] = { 0.1, 0.1, 0.1 }; //vector directie
GLfloat xAngle = 0.0, yAngle = 0.0, zAngle = 0.0;
bool draw_triangle = false; //variabila desenat figuri
bool draw_square = false;
bool draw_decagon = false;
void Triangle(void) //draw the triangle shape
{
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);//triangles have a common vertex, which is the central vertex
glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); //V0(red)
glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); //V1(green)
glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); //V2(blue)
glEnd();
}
void Square(void) {
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glVertex2f(-1.0f, 1.0f); // top left
glVertex2f(1.0f, 1.0f); // top right
glVertex2f(1.0f, -1.0f); // bottom right
glVertex2f(-1.0f, -1.0f); // bottom left
glEnd();
}
void Decagon(void) //draw the decagon shape
{
glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(0.72f,0.8f, 0.0f); //a1
glVertex3f(0.52f, 0.8f,0.0f); //z
glVertex3f(0.35f, 0.64f, 0.0f); //b1
glVertex3f(0.3f, 0.48f, 0.0f); //d1
glVertex3f(0.35f, 0.3f, 0.0f); //e1
glVertex3f(0.52f, 0.16f, 0.0f); //l1
glVertex3f(0.72f, 0.16f, 0.0f); //m1
glVertex3f(0.9f, 0.3f, 0.0f); //o1
glVertex3f(0.95f, 0.48f, 0.0f); //p1
glVertex3f(0.9f, 0.64f, 0.0f); //c1
glScalef(10, 10, 10);
glTranslatef(1, 2, 3);
glEnd();
}
void Keyboard(unsigned char key, int x, int y) //press a key to perform actions
{
switch (key) {
case 'd': d[0] += 0.1; break; //camera right
case 'a': d[0] -= 0.1; break; //camera left
case 'w': d[1] += 0.1; break; //camera up
case 's': d[1] -= 0.1; break; //camera down
case 'm': d[2] += 0.1; break; //magnify
case 'n': d[2] -= 0.1; break; //minify
case 't': draw_triangle = true; draw_decagon = false; break; //draw pyramid when key is pressed
case 'q': draw_square = true; draw_decagon = false; draw_triangle = false; break; //draw cube when key is pressed
case 'l': draw_decagon = true; draw_triangle = false; draw_square = false; break; //draw prism when key is pressed
case 'x': xAngle += 5; break; //modify x axis angle
case 'y': yAngle += 5; break; //modify y axis angle
case 'z': zAngle += 5; break; //modify z axis angle
default: printf(" Keyboard %c == %d", key, key); //see what key it's pressed
}
glutPostRedisplay();
}
void spinDisplay() //here it's the problematic function
{
spin = spin + 0.1;
if (spin > 360.0)
{
spin = 0.0;
}
glutPostRedisplay();
}
void mouse(int buton, int state, int x, int y)
{
switch (buton) {
case GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON:
if (state == GLUT_DOWN)
glutIdleFunc(spinDisplay);
break;
case GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON: //here I don't know how to change the color of the shape
glutIdleFunc(NULL);
default:glutIdleFunc(NULL);
break;
}
}
void redraw(void)
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glLoadIdentity();
glTranslatef(0, 0, -3);
glRotatef(tippangle, 1, 0, 0); // Up and down arrow keys 'tip' view.
glRotatef(viewangle, 0, 1, 0); // Right/left arrow keys 'turn' view.
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(d[0], d[1], d[2]); // Move box down X axis.
glScalef(0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f); //increase the object size
glRotatef(zAngle, 0, 0, 1);
glRotatef(yAngle, 0, 1, 0);
glRotatef(xAngle, 1, 0, 0);
glRotatef(spin, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
if (draw_triangle)
Triangle();
if (draw_decagon)
Decagon();
if (draw_square)
Square();
glPopMatrix();
glutSwapBuffers();
}
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitWindowSize(900, 600);
glutInitWindowPosition(300, 300);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE);
glutCreateWindow("Figure Rotation");
glutDisplayFunc(redraw);
glutKeyboardFunc(Keyboard);
glutMouseFunc(mouse);
glClearColor(0.1, 0.0, 0.1, 1.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);//specify which matrix is the current matrix, matrix that represents your camera's lens (aperture, far-field, near-field, etc).
gluPerspective(60, 1.5, 1, 10); //set up a perspective projection matrix
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); //specify which matrix is the current matrix,matrix that represents your camera (position, pointing, and up vector).
glutMainLoop();
return 1;
}
Solely based on your code, the main problem is at Decagon() for its shape vertices definition.
As such vertices are defined not at the center of the shape itself but defined towards the top right, thus it won't rotate around itself but seem to orbit around the center although your sequence of matrix multiplications are working ok.
For simplicity, I would visualize centering it at 0,0 along xy plane, then define right half of its shape then mirror it back to the left one. You can take advantage of - minus sign. Implicitly take advantage of defining shape in NDC (Normalizd Device Coordinate) space.
Note: not exactly the same ratio as per your original definition, but to get you an idea. You can try swapping the following into yours, then it should rotate around itself.
glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(0.25f, 0.5f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(0.45f, 0.30f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(0.55f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(0.45f, -0.30f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(0.25f, -0.5f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(-0.25f, -0.5f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(-0.45f, -0.30f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(-0.55f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(-0.45f, 0.30f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(-0.25f, 0.5f, 0.0f);
//glScalef(10, 10, 10); // this won't have any effect on result
//glTranslatef(1, 2, -3);// the same
glEnd();
You have 2 options here
Completely change the vertices definition (only with Decagon to be similar to above relative to the origin). Other shapes are already good, it's defined relative to the origin.
Carefully determine the origin of the shape regardless of how your defined shape's vertices. Use such position to translate back the shape as part of matrix operation firstly before all other operations (please read on to know why).
Concept of rotation around itself
The concept of rotation around itself is that we need to do the following operations in order
Scale (in this case we don't have)
Rotation
Translation
Scaling although we don't have in this case, should be last otherwise it might affect other two operations.
If we translate first to the arbitrary position, then the rotation will happen around such point. In fact, rotation works relatively to the origin 0,0, thus we just need to do by any means to place the object back to origin first before we proceed, then we can rotate, translate to desire position it should be, and scale.
Let's see your matrix multiplication order
glScalef(0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f); //increase the object size
glTranslatef(d[0], d[1], d[2]); // Move box down X axis.
glRotatef(zAngle, 0, 0, 1);
glRotatef(yAngle, 0, 1, 0);
glRotatef(xAngle, 1, 0, 0);
glRotatef(spin, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
This means we do the following in order
rotate around z-axis with spin angle
rotate around x-axis with xAngle angle
rotate around y-axis with yAngle angle
rotate around z-axis with zAngle angle
Although we could possibly combine the first and last together, but anyway it's ok.
Also you might want to further look at Euler Angles when we rotate around 3 cardinal axes like this, it can lead to Gimbal lock problem but it can be solved by limiting angles user can rotate around a certain axis.
The order is right. This is translated into mathematics terms as S * T * Rz * Ry * Rx * Rspin in which you can see it's inverse of the order in code. Rspin happen first, then Rx then so on.
Now what happen if Decagon shape is defined not relative to the origin, but defined to in the way that it translated to the right.
Take my vertices definition, but + 0.55f for all x position, we will have
glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(0.80f, 0.5f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(1.0f, 0.30f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(1.10f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(1.0f, -0.30f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(0.80f, -0.5f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(0.30f, -0.5f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(0.10f, -0.30f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(0.1f, 0.30f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(0.30f, 0.5f, 0.0f);
glEnd();
If you swap above code to your vertices definition, then it won't rotate around itself anymore. But we know that it takes -0.55f in x-axis to bring this shape back to origin, thus if we add glTranslatef(-0.55f, 0.0f, 0.0f) to be the first operation to execute then it will work the same.
We'd have
glScalef(0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f);
glTranslatef(d[0], d[1], d[2]);
glRotatef(zAngle, 0, 0, 1);
glRotatef(yAngle, 0, 1, 0);
glRotatef(xAngle, 1, 0, 0);
glRotatef(spin, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
glTranslatef(-0.55f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // <------ add this
In short, translate target object to be at origin first before rotating (around itself), then proceed proper sequence as before.
If you desire to have such object to be located at the location you've defined the shape's vertices i.e. it's to the right +0.55f along x-axis and still rotate around itself. Then you use glTranslatef(d[0] + 0.55f, d[1], d[2]) instead.
Further Notes
The last two gl operations glScalef() and glTranslatef() won't have any effect as you already drew the shape. These two operations get discarded every frame when you call glLoadIdentity().
Just note that source code is still based on fixed-function pipeline of OpenGL. You might want to also take a look at modern programmable pipeline. This will allows you more flexibility in controlling virtual camera thus matrix operations are more clear cut and separated to the object itself whenever we need to move around. So this will make matrix operations easier to grasp, and to understand.
Edit
For additional control and satisfy application requirement as follows
Left click to rotate indefinitely, then left click again to stop
Right click to cycle through the color for rendered shape
We have to have control flags, and information for us to change at any frame time as follows.
bool isSpinning = false;
#define NUM_COLOR 4
int sCurrColor = 0;
GLfloat sColor[NUM_COLOR][3] = {
{1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f},
{1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f},
{0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f},
{0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}
};
So for colors, we have white, red, blue, and green. Total in 4 colors, each color has 3 component values for RGB. We start with white color as seen in sCurrColor for our index.
Now your mouse() function would looks like this
void mouse(int buton, int state, int x, int y)
{
switch (buton) {
case GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON:
if (state == GLUT_DOWN && !isSpinning)
isSpinning = true;
else if (state == GLUT_DOWN && isSpinning)
isSpinning = false;
break;
case GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON: //here I don't know how to change the color of the shape
if (state == GLUT_DOWN)
sCurrColor = (sCurrColor + 1) % NUM_COLOR;
break;
default:glutIdleFunc(NULL);
break;
}
}
We optimized moving glutIdleFunc(spinDisplay); to be called inside main() function just before glutMainLoop(). As your requirements, we don't have to change it every frame.
Thus, spinDisplay() is now changed to be
void spinDisplay() //here it's the problematic function
{
if (isSpinning)
{
spin = spin + 3.0;
if (spin > 360.0)
{
spin = 0.0;
}
}
glutPostRedisplay();
}
Probably better to change the name of function to something like display() as it's more generic to not confuse that we have to spin everytime. Anyway, I didn't change this for the sake of brevity and consistency of your code.
Now the last part is to plug in sColor to be used by all those shapes in rendering. For example for Decagon you can do this
glColor3f(sColor[sCurrColor][0], sColor[sCurrColor][1], sColor[sCurrColor][2]);
This will be the same for other shapes if you like to have the same effect by right clicking to cycle through the color.

Using Depth test on transparent shapes in

I'm trying to use depth test and alpha-blend together. What I want to do is put an opaque small ring inside of a bigger and transparent one. I should enable depth testing in order to prevent bad geometry. so if I enable depth test I can't display inner ring. Is there a workaround for this issue. Thank you for help. My code is showed below:
#include <GLTools.h> // OpenGL toolkit
#include <GLMatrixStack.h>
#include <GLFrame.h>
#include <GLFrustum.h>
#include <GLGeometryTransform.h>
#include <GLShaderManager.h>
#include <math3d.h>
#include <math.h>
#define FREEGLUT_STATIC
#include <GL\glut.h>
GLFrame viewFrame;
GLFrustum viewFrustum;
GLBatch triangleBatch;
GLTriangleBatch torusBatch;
GLTriangleBatch torusBatch2;
GLMatrixStack modelViewMatrix;
GLMatrixStack projectionMatrix;
GLGeometryTransform transformPipeline;
GLShaderManager shaderManager;
// Flags for effects
bool iCull = true;
bool iDepth = true;
GLfloat blockSize = 0.3f;
GLfloat vVerts[] ={-blockSize, -blockSize, 0.0f,
blockSize, -blockSize, 0.0f,
blockSize, blockSize, 0.0f};
void ProcessMenu(int value)
{
switch(value)
{
case 1:
iDepth = !iDepth;
break;
case 2:
iCull = !iCull;
break;
case 3:
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);
break;
case 4:
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);
break;
case 5:
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_POINT);
break;
case 6:
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT, GL_LINE);
break;
}
glutPostRedisplay();
}
void bounceFunction(void)
{
static GLfloat xDir = 1.0f;
static GLfloat yDir = 1.0f;
GLfloat stepSize = 0.0005f;
GLfloat blockX = vVerts[0]; // Upper left X
GLfloat blockY = vVerts[7]; // Upper left Y
blockY += stepSize * yDir;
blockX += stepSize * xDir;
if(blockX < -1.0f) { blockX = -1.0f; xDir *= -1.0f; }
if(blockX > (1.0f - blockSize * 2)) { blockX = 1.0f - blockSize * 2; xDir *= -1.0f; }
if(blockY < -1.0f + blockSize * 2) { blockY = -1.0f + blockSize * 2; yDir *= -1.0f; }
if(blockY > 1.0f) { blockY = 1.0f; yDir *= -1.0f; }
vVerts[0] = blockX;
vVerts[1] = blockY - blockSize*2;
vVerts[3] = blockX + blockSize*2;
vVerts[4] = blockY - blockSize*2;
vVerts[6] = blockX + blockSize*2;
vVerts[7] = blockY;
}
void movementKeys(int key, int x, int y)
{
/*GLfloat stepSize = 0.025f;
GLfloat blockX = vVerts[0];
GLfloat blockY = vVerts[7];
if(key == GLUT_KEY_UP)
blockY += stepSize;
if(key == GLUT_KEY_DOWN)
blockY -= stepSize;
if(key == GLUT_KEY_LEFT)
blockX -= stepSize;
if(key == GLUT_KEY_RIGHT)
blockX += stepSize;
//CollisonDetection
if(blockX < -1.0f) blockX = -1.0f;
if(blockX > (1.0f - blockSize * 2)) blockX = 1.0f - blockSize * 2;;
if(blockY < -1.0f + blockSize * 2) blockY = -1.0f + blockSize * 2;
if(blockY > 1.0f) blockY = 1.0f;
//CollisonDetection end
//Recalculation
vVerts[0] = blockX;
vVerts[1] = blockY - blockSize*2;
vVerts[3] = blockX + blockSize*2;
vVerts[4] = blockY - blockSize*2;
vVerts[6] = blockX + blockSize*2;
vVerts[7] = blockY;
triangleBatch.CopyVertexData3f(vVerts);
glutPostRedisplay();*/
if(key == GLUT_KEY_UP)
viewFrame.RotateWorld(m3dDegToRad(-5.0), 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
if(key == GLUT_KEY_DOWN)
viewFrame.RotateWorld(m3dDegToRad(5.0), 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
if(key == GLUT_KEY_LEFT)
viewFrame.RotateWorld(m3dDegToRad(-5.0), 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
if(key == GLUT_KEY_RIGHT)
viewFrame.RotateWorld(m3dDegToRad(5.0), 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
// Refresh the Window
glutPostRedisplay();
}
void changeSize(int w, int h)
{
// Prevent a divide by zero
if(h == 0)
h = 1;
// Set Viewport to window dimensions
glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
viewFrustum.SetPerspective(35.0f, float(w)/float(h), 1.0f, 100.0f);
projectionMatrix.LoadMatrix(viewFrustum.GetProjectionMatrix());
transformPipeline.SetMatrixStacks(modelViewMatrix, projectionMatrix);
}
void renderScene()
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT);
// Turn culling on if flag is set
if(iCull)
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
else
glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE);
// Enable depth testing if flag is set
if(iDepth)
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
else
glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
modelViewMatrix.PushMatrix(viewFrame);
glPolygonOffset(-1.0f, -1.0f);
GLfloat vRed[] = {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f};
GLfloat vBlue[] = {0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f};
glEnable(GL_BLEND);
glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
shaderManager.UseStockShader(GLT_SHADER_DEFAULT_LIGHT, transformPipeline.GetModelViewMatrix(), transformPipeline.GetProjectionMatrix(), vRed);
torusBatch.Draw();
shaderManager.UseStockShader(GLT_SHADER_DEFAULT_LIGHT, transformPipeline.GetModelViewMatrix(), transformPipeline.GetProjectionMatrix(), vBlue);
torusBatch2.Draw();
glDisable(GL_BLEND);
modelViewMatrix.PopMatrix();
glutSwapBuffers();
}
void SetupRC()
{
glClearColor(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);//Backgroung color
shaderManager.InitializeStockShaders();
viewFrame.MoveForward(7.0f);
gltMakeTorus(torusBatch, 1.0f, 0.25f, 52, 26);
gltMakeTorus(torusBatch2, 0.95f, 0.1f, 52, 26);
triangleBatch.Begin(GL_TRIANGLES, 3);
triangleBatch.CopyVertexData3f(vVerts);
triangleBatch.End();
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
gltSetWorkingDirectory(argv[0]);
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_STENCIL);
glutInitWindowSize(1280,720);
glutCreateWindow("Test");
GLenum err = glewInit();
if(err != GLEW_OK)
{
//Error handling
fprintf(stderr, "GLEW error: %s\n", glewGetErrorString(err));
return -1;
}
glutReshapeFunc(changeSize);
glutDisplayFunc(renderScene);
glutSpecialFunc(movementKeys);
// Create the Menu
glutCreateMenu(ProcessMenu);
glutAddMenuEntry("Toggle depth test",1);
glutAddMenuEntry("Toggle cull backface",2);
glutAddMenuEntry("Set Fill Mode", 3);
glutAddMenuEntry("Set Line Mode", 4);
glutAddMenuEntry("Set Point Mode", 5);
glutAddMenuEntry("Set Line Mode Back Face Culling", 6);
glutAttachMenu(GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON);
SetupRC();
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}
Typically you enable depth testing with your opaque objects, then do back-to-front rending of transparent objects with OVER blending enabled. Still, self-intersecting objects present a problem that requires further work. Unfortunately, transparency is not a "flip a bit and it works" feature in OpenGL.
Here is a good overview of recent techniques & ideas. https://developer.nvidia.com/content/transparency-or-translucency-rendering

Can't rotate and change color of object on mouseclick on OpenGL

I tried to rotate around his own center an object when I click left button of the mouse but it doesn't seem to work...Also, when I right click the mouse I should change the color of the object but I don't understand why it doesn't seem to work, it just stops the rotation of the object..... Here it's my code that will help you, I added all the functions to see exactly what I'm trying to do:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "dependente\freeglut\freeglut.h"
#include "dependente\glfw\glfw3.h"
#include <stdio.h> //incluziuni librarii
float ORG[3] = { 0,0,0 };
static GLfloat spin = 0.0;
GLfloat viewangle = 0, tippangle = 0, traj[120][3]; //variabila pentru unghi camera
GLfloat d[3] = { 0.1, 0.1, 0.1 }; //vector directie
GLfloat xAngle = 0.0, yAngle = 0.0, zAngle = 0.0;
bool draw_triangle = false; //variabila desenat figuri
bool draw_square = false;
bool draw_decagon = false;
// Use arrow keys to rotate entire scene !!!
void Special_Keys(int key, int x, int y) //functie ptr taste sus jos stanga dreapta
{
switch (key) {
case GLUT_KEY_LEFT: viewangle -= 5; break;
case GLUT_KEY_RIGHT: viewangle += 5; break;
case GLUT_KEY_UP: tippangle -= 5; break;
case GLUT_KEY_DOWN: tippangle += 5; break;
default: printf("Special key %c == %d", key, key);
}
glutPostRedisplay();
}
void Triangle(void) //draw the triangle shape
{
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);//triangles have a common vertex, which is the central vertex
glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); //V0(red)
glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); //V1(green)
glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); //V2(blue)
glEnd();
}
void Square(void) {
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glVertex2f(-1.0f, 1.0f); // top left
glVertex2f(1.0f, 1.0f); // top right
glVertex2f(1.0f, -1.0f); // bottom right
glVertex2f(-1.0f, -1.0f); // bottom left
glEnd();
}
void Decagon(void) //draw the decagon shape
{
glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(0.72f,0.8f, 0.0f); //a1
glVertex3f(0.52f, 0.8f,0.0f); //z
glVertex3f(0.35f, 0.64f, 0.0f); //b1
glVertex3f(0.3f, 0.48f, 0.0f); //d1
glVertex3f(0.35f, 0.3f, 0.0f); //e1
glVertex3f(0.52f, 0.16f, 0.0f); //l1
glVertex3f(0.72f, 0.16f, 0.0f); //m1
glVertex3f(0.9f, 0.3f, 0.0f); //o1
glVertex3f(0.95f, 0.48f, 0.0f); //p1
glVertex3f(0.9f, 0.64f, 0.0f); //c1
glScalef(10, 10, 10);
glTranslatef(1, 2, 3);
glEnd();
}
void Keyboard(unsigned char key, int x, int y) //press a key to perform actions
{
switch (key) {
case 'd': d[0] += 0.1; break; //camera right
case 'a': d[0] -= 0.1; break; //camera left
case 'w': d[1] += 0.1; break; //camera up
case 's': d[1] -= 0.1; break; //camera down
case 'm': d[2] += 0.1; break; //magnify
case 'n': d[2] -= 0.1; break; //minify
case 't': draw_triangle = true; draw_decagon = false; break; //draw pyramid when key is pressed
case 'q': draw_square = true; draw_decagon = false; draw_triangle = false; break; //draw cube when key is pressed
case 'l': draw_decagon = true; draw_triangle = false; break; //draw prism when key is pressed
case 'x': xAngle += 5; break; //modify x axis angle
case 'y': yAngle += 5; break; //modify y axis angle
case 'z': zAngle += 5; break; //modify z axis angle
default: printf(" Keyboard %c == %d", key, key); //see what key it's pressed
}
glutPostRedisplay();
}
void spinDisplay()
{
spin = spin + 0.1;
if (spin > 360.0)
{
spin = 0.0;
}
glutPostRedisplay();
}
void mouse(int buton, int state, int x, int y)
{
switch (buton) {
case GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON:
if (state == GLUT_DOWN)
glutIdleFunc(spinDisplay);
break;
case GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON: //here I don't know how to change the color of the shape
glutIdleFunc(NULL);
default:glutIdleFunc(NULL);
break;
}
}
void redraw(void)
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glLoadIdentity();
glTranslatef(0, 0, -3);
glRotatef(tippangle, 1, 0, 0); // Up and down arrow keys 'tip' view.
glRotatef(viewangle, 0, 1, 0); // Right/left arrow keys 'turn' view.
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(d[0], d[1], d[2]); // Move box down X axis.
glScalef(0.3f, 0.3f, 0.3f); //increase the object size
glRotatef(zAngle, 0, 0, 1);
glRotatef(yAngle, 0, 1, 0);
glRotatef(xAngle, 1, 0, 0);
glRotatef(spin, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
if (draw_triangle)
Triangle();
if (draw_decagon)
Decagon();
if (draw_square)
Square();
glPopMatrix();
glutSwapBuffers();
}
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitWindowSize(900, 600);
glutInitWindowPosition(300, 300);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE);
glutMouseFunc(mouse);
glutCreateWindow("Figure Rotation");
glutDisplayFunc(redraw);
glutKeyboardFunc(Keyboard);
glutSpecialFunc(Special_Keys);
glClearColor(0.1, 0.0, 0.1, 1.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);//specify which matrix is the current matrix, matrix that represents your camera's lens (aperture, far-field, near-field, etc).
gluPerspective(60, 1.5, 1, 10); //set up a perspective projection matrix
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); //specify which matrix is the current matrix,matrix that represents your camera (position, pointing, and up vector).
glutMainLoop();
return 1;
}
You must declare a variable that represents the color of the shape. Like you do to change draw triangle or decagon.
Declare global variable:
bool colorChanged = false;
In mouse function change this variable, and add glutPostRedisplay call (otherwise the display funtion will not be called).
colorChanged = !colorChanged;
glutPostRedisplay();
When you render take into account this variable.
if (colorChanged)
glColor3f(0,0,0);
else
glColor3f(1,1,1);
Be careful with this:
glutMouseFunc(mouse);
glutCreateWindow("Figure Rotation");
You are registering mouse function before creating the window. Some implementations ignore this call.