I am having an issue with (:refer-clojure :exclude [read]). My setup is as follow:
I have a file foo.clj which is:
(ns foo.core)
(load "foo_bar")
Then I have a file bar.clj which is:
(ns foo.core
(:refer-clojure :exclude [read]))
(defn read [])
In my application, I did split a namespace in multiple file. This is why I have a series of (load) statements in the foo.clj file which is the entry point.
The problem is that when I compile this file, I am still getting the famous error:
WARNING: read already refers to: #'clojure.core/read in namespace: clj-osf.crud, being replaced by: #'clj-osf.crud/read
I don't think this would be much of a problem, but the issue is that when I use that library from another application, that other application won't compile and tell me what foo.core/read simply doesn't exist.
I also tried to change foo.clj for:
(ns foo.core
(:refer-clojure :exclude [read]))
(load "foo_bar")
But the same issue happens. Is this a bug in Clojure, or am I missing something?
I am using Clojure 1.6
It doesn't seem like the ns'es you are using match your file names. I'm not sure if that's just sloppy examples or if that's actually the issue.
Usually when you split a namespace across files, the loaded files should start with (in-ns 'foo.core), not (ns foo.core). clojure.pprint is a good example in core (it loads a bunch of sub files).
A fuller example:
foo/core.clj:
(ns foo.core
(:refer-clojure :exclude [read]))
(defn read [] "hi")
(load "bar")
foo/bar.clj:
(in-ns 'foo.core)
(defn read2 [] (str (read) " there"))
If I then start a repl:
user=> (require 'foo.core)
nil
user=> (foo.core/read)
"hi"
user=> (foo.core/read2)
"hi there"
Related
I am having a similar issue to this person: Problems while creating a deps.edn file
However, I'm on MacOS and trying to follow the book and use deps.edn instead of leiningen, so I wasn't able to solve my issue from reading the answers in that post.
I'm using my terminal window and just text files, or Emacs.
Within the terminal, I created a folder called tennisProject. Then I created 2 files, deps.edn and tennisProject.clj inside that folder. Then I put the csv file of tennis data in that folder.
Then I go back to the terminal and restart it. I make tennisProject the current directory. I type in "clj" to start a repl. Then I do (in-ns 'packt-clj.tennisProject) to get into the right namespace. Then, I type (first-match "match_scores_1991-2016_unindexed_csv.csv"), and I get an error:
Syntax error compiling at (REPL:1:1).
Unable to resolve symbol: first-match in this context
The contents are as follows (I copied and pasted from the book).
deps.edn:
{:deps
{org.clojure/data.csv {:mvn/version "1.0.0"}
semantic-csv/semantic-csv {:mvn/version "0.2.1-alpha1"}}}
tennisProject.clj:
(ns packt-clj.tennisProject
(:require
[clojure.data.csv :as csv]
[clojure.java.io :as io]
[semantic-csv.core :as sc]))
(defn first-match [csv]
(with-open [r (io/reader csv)]
(->> (csv/read-csv r)
sc/mappify
first)))
I have a few things different than the book: I changed the name from tennis to tennisProject because I kept making new folders after getting errors. I also changed the data.csv version from "0.1.4" to "1.0.0" because that's what was in the answer I linked, but that didn't resolve my issue. Then I also have semantic-csv/semantic-csv but in the book it's just semantic-csv. I changed that because the repl advised me to make the change.
If I just require the dependencies one by one in the repl, and define the function in the repl, everything works fine, but I really want to understand how all these files work together and I appreciate your help!
By default, the Clojure CLI / deps.edn assumes your source code is going to be in a tree under a folder called src.
The namespace in a Clojure file must "match" its filepath relative to src so for packt-clj.tennisProject, the file should be src/packt_clj/tennisProject.clj -- note the - in a namespace corresponds to an _ in the filepath.
If you reorganize your project like that, and restart your REPL, you should be able to require your code and work with it.
As a stylistic note, we don't use camelCase much in Clojure: it would be more idiomatic to have tennis-project as the namespace (which means tennis_project.clj as the filename).
(edited to add this example session)
(! 556)-> pwd
/Users/sean/clojure/tennisProject
(! 557)-> ls
deps.edn example.csv src
(! 558)-> tree
.
|____deps.edn
|____example.csv
|____src
| |____packt_clj
| | |____tennisProject.clj
(! 559)-> clj
Clojure 1.10.3
user=> (require 'packt-clj.tennisProject)
nil
user=> (in-ns 'packt-clj.tennisProject)
#object[clojure.lang.Namespace 0x128c502c "packt-clj.tennisProject"]
packt-clj.tennisProject=> (first-match "example.csv")
{:some "42", :headers "A value", :in "1", :this "2", :file "3.333"}
packt-clj.tennisProject=> ^D
(! 560)-> cat src/packt_clj/tennisProject.clj
(ns packt-clj.tennisProject
(:require
[clojure.data.csv :as csv]
[clojure.java.io :as io]
[semantic-csv.core :as sc]))
(defn first-match [csv]
(with-open [r (io/reader csv)]
(->> (csv/read-csv r)
sc/mappify
first)))
(! 561)-> cat example.csv
some,headers,in,this,file
42,"A value",1,2,3.333
I have boot-clj installed and want to be able to edit a .clj file in an external editor and separately have a command line REPL running from which I can call the functions that I change in the .clj file. No special reloading commands should be required.
Another thing is I don't want to have to manually type commands to include namespaces - I would like to just run a script that brings me into the namespace, so I can call existing functions right away.
Name of the file:
C:\dev\my-project\src\my_project\utils.clj
Something of what is inside the file:
(ns my-project.utils
(:require
[clojure.string :as s]))
(defn my-range [start end]
(take (- end start) (iterate inc start)))
I would like to go straight into a REPL and go (my-range 0 3) and see if it produces the result I want.
What's the setup for this? What would the script file I need to run look like?
My current understanding is that the answer will look something like this:
(deftask dev-repl
(set-env! …)
(repl))
at the command line
You can achieve this to some degree at the command line, without creating a build.boot file:
In C:\dev\my_project:
boot -r src repl -n my-project.utils
boot -r src: starts boot with src on the "resource paths", which is the set of directories that will be accessible within the JVM.
repl -n my-project.utils starts a REPL, requires your namespace, and enters it.
While the REPL is running, and after you have edited C:\dev\my_project\src\my_project\utils.clj, you can reload it at the REPL like this:
my-project.utils=> (require 'my-project.utils :reload)
nil
minimal build.boot
Alternatively, you could create the file C:\dev\my_project\build.boot with these contents:
(set-env! :resource-paths #{"src"})
(deftask dev
"Run a development REPL"
[]
(repl :init-ns 'my-project.utils))
Then, in C:\dev\my_project:
boot dev
Which will also start a REPL in your namespace, but requires less command-line configuration as we've performed the configuration in build.boot, which boot will automatically evaluate.
Note: from a Clojure REPL, regardless of build tool, you can require any namespace (as long as it's on the JVM's class path) with the require function and enter it with the in-ns function.
build.boot with automatic reloading
Finally, it's possible to combine features of Boot to achieve a development workflow oriented around automatically reloading code.
In C:\dev\my_project\build.boot:
(set-env! :resource-paths #{"src"})
(require '[boot.core :as core]
'[boot.pod :as pod])
(deftask load-ns
"Loads the my-project.utils namespace in a fresh pod."
[]
(let [pods (pod/pod-pool (core/get-env))]
(core/with-pre-wrap [fileset]
(pod/with-eval-in (pods :refresh)
;; We require indirectly here so that errors from my-project.utils have
;; proper line and column information.
(require 'my-project.load-impl))
fileset)))
(deftask dev
"Watches source code and loads my-project/utils every time code changes."
[]
(comp (watch)
(load-ns)))
In C:\dev\my_project\src\my_project\load_impl.clj:
(ns my-project.load-impl)
(require 'my-project.utils)
In C:\dev\my_project\src\my_project\utils.clj:
(ns my-project.utils
(:require
[clojure.string :as s]))
(defn my-range [start end]
(take (- end start) (iterate inc start)))
(println "In the code!")
(println "(my-range 0 10) = " (my-range 10 20))
Back at the command prompt, type boot dev. You should see some println output, and every time you edit and save the file you should see it again, reflecting any changes you made.
Let's say I create a new Leiningen project (lein new app example) and add some code in example/src/example/core.clj that makes use of :gen-class:
(ns example.core
(:gen-class :extends javafx.application.Application))
(defn -start [this stage]
(.show stage))
(defn -main [& args]
(javafx.application.Application/launch example.core args))
If I then create a JAR (lein uberjar) and run it, everything works fine. However, if I instead try to run my app directly (lein run), I get a ClassNotFoundException. In addition, if I open a REPL (lein repl), I first get the same error as before, but after running this code:
(compile 'example.core)
the error no longer appears in lein run or lein repl.
Could someone please explain to me what exactly is going on here, and how I can run my app directly without needing to manually compile my code from a REPL?
Edit: After fooling around a bit more, I found that the solution to this problem is to add
:aot [example.core]
to project.clj. (Thanks #Mars!) I'm still confused, though, because I had previously tried simply removing ^:skip-aot, which (according to the docs) should work:
This will be AOT compiled by default; to disable this, attach
^:skip-aot metadata to the namespace symbol.
But it doesn't. Why?
Another edit (if I should split any of this into a separate question, let me know and I'll do so): I've been playing with hyphens (lein new app my-example), and weird stuff has been happening. This doesn't work:
(ns my-example.core
(:gen-class :extends javafx.application.Application))
;; ...
(defn -main [& args]
(javafx.application.Application/launch my-example.core args))
But this does:
(ns my-example.core
(:gen-class
:name my-example.Core
:extends javafx.application.Application))
;; ...
(defn -main [& args]
(javafx.application.Application/launch my-example.Core args))
So my class name can either start with a lowercase letter (example.core) or contain a hyphen (my-example.Core), but not both? I really don't get it.
And finally, lein uberjar fails on that final example (with the explicit :name), because
Warning: The Main-Class specified does not exist within the jar. It may not be executable as expected. A gen-class directive may be missing in the namespace which contains the main method.
As far as I can tell, the only way to fix that is to split the Application subclass into a separate namespace. Is there another way?
Agreed with #Mars, the problem is that lein run does not AOT the example.core namespace. The default Leiningen template made the example.core non AOT:
(defproject example "0.1.0-SNAPSHOT"
...
:main ^:skip-aot example.core
...)
My best guess is that you could define your app using defrecord and use that as a class instead of the namespace.
As simple as this question is, I can't seem to find the right way for different namespaces in the same directory to validly refer to one another. I have two files:
project_root/src/babbler/core.clj:
(ns babbler.core
(:gen-class)
(use '[clojure.string :only (join split)]))
(defn foo [] "Foo")
and then project_root/src/babbler/bar.clj:
(ns babbler.bar)
(use [babbler.core :as babble])
This file also contains a main method, which is specified in my project.clj via :main babbler.bar
My entire structure is that generated by counterclockwise, with with default leiningen template.
The result of running lein repl is this:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: babbler.core, compiling:(babbler/bar.clj:3:1)
at clojure.lang.Compiler.analyze(Compiler.java:6380)
at clojure.lang.Compiler.analyze(Compiler.java:6322)
at clojure.lang.Compiler$VectorExpr.parse(Compiler.java:3024)
at clojure.lang.Compiler.analyze(Compiler.java:6363)
at clojure.lang.Compiler.analyze(Compiler.java:6322)
(...)
Your use should be inside the definition of the namespace:
(ns babbler.bar
(use [babbler.core :as babble]))
In fact use is discouraged, you may want to write it as:
(ns babbler.bar
(:require [babbler.core :as babble :refer [foo]]))
That way you can call any function f from the babbler.core namespace as babble/f, and you can call foo directly. In addition, your file has information about where foo comes from so you or someone else won't need to go searching for it.
I just started on my first clojure project using lein, the code here:
(ns fileops.core
(:use
[clojure.core :only (slurp)]
[clojure-csv.core :only (parse-csv)]
[fileops.core]))
(defn -main
"I don't do a whole lot ... yet."
[& args]
(read-file "sample.csv"))
(defn read-file
"open and read the csv file"
[fname]
(with-open [file (clojure.java.io/reader fname)]
(parse-csv (slurp fname))))
I tried to run this using "lein run" but I keep getting this error:
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to resolve symbol: read-file in this context
at clojure.lang.Util.runtimeException(Util.java:219)
at clojure.lang.Compiler.resolveIn(Compiler.java:6874)
at clojure.lang.Compiler.resolve(Compiler.java:6818)
at clojure.lang.Compiler.analyzeSymbol(Compiler.java:6779)
at clojure.lang.Compiler.analyze(Compiler.java:6343)
... 52 more
What am I doing wrong?
You have used only slurp from clojure core, meaning that every other core function is now unavailable to you :) Try changing your ns to use :require instead of :use, as this is more idiomatic.
One thing to note is that order does matter in clojure, so if you don't declare a function at the top of your file, as in C and some other languages, the earlier functions will not be able to make reference to them. This is what was causing your error before and is why I like to define my -main function at the bottom. It's a matter of style.
Another thing is that your -main function is taking variable args right now and not using them. In Clojure it is idiomatic to use _ to refer to a parameter that doesn't get used. You could use & _ to avoid error messages, for when the user passes in unnecessary args, but I would just have the -main function parameterless from the start. This is because nothing needs to be provided to main when you run the program, and errors do make debugging easier. It is good to know what is getting used and where. The sample.csv file is already provided and is having read-file called on it, so the program should run if your read-file function is correct and the sample.csv file is in the proper location.
Regarding your -main function, it would be nice to put a little test in there to see if it executes properly when you run it, so I changed it to print out the contents of the csv file onto your console. This way of printing from a file is efficient and worth studying in its own right.
Finally, Make sure you include clojure-csv.core in your project.clj file.
core.clj:
(ns fileops.core
(:require
[clojure-csv.core :refer [parse-csv]]))
(defn read-file
"open and read the csv file"
[fname]
(with-open [file (clojure.java.io/reader fname)]
(parse-csv (slurp fname))))
(defn -main []
(println (clojure.string/join "\n" (read-file "resources/test.csv"))))
project.clj:
...
:dependencies [[org.clojure/clojure "1.5.1"]
[clojure-csv/clojure-csv "2.0.1"]
...]
:main fileops.core
You need to declare fileops.core as :main, as shown above. This tells Leiningen what function to execute when you enter lein run. Very important and tricky stuff.
So now make sure you are in the root of your project directory and at the terminal, run the following:
lein clean
lein deps
lein run
Good luck!
Further reading:
8th light blog on name-spaces
flying machine studios explanation of lein run
read-file should be before main in your source OR you should put before -main a declare cause like that:
(declare read-file)