Showing Wrong Language in window title and messagebox : win32 application, opengl - c++

Question

I was trying to create a basic window with opengl and win32 application in visual studio 2013.
Everything works fine except the window title and messages in messagebox are not showing English. My code is given below:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "ThesisProject.h"
#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100
// ================================= Variable Region : All the global variables will be declared here with categorization =========================== //
TCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];
TCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];
HDC hDC = NULL; // Private GDI Device Context. GDI : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Device_Interface
HWND hWnd = NULL; // holds our window handle.
HINSTANCE hInstance; // holds the instance of the application
HGLRC hRC = NULL; // Permanent Rendering Context
bool keys[256]; // Array Used for the keyboard routine. this will help us to track multiple key press, like : "Ctrl + s"
bool active = TRUE; // window active flag. set to true by default.
bool fullscreen = TRUE; // fullscreen flag. set to true by default. indicates whether the screen should be windowed or fullscreen.
// ================================================================================================================================================== //
// ================================ Function prototype declaration region : all the function prototype declaration will go here. ====================== //
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); // a call back function to process window action.
int InitGL(GLvoid); // this function is used for setting up opengl components.
BOOL CreateGLWindow(char* title, int width, int height, int bits, bool fullscreenflag); // creates the window.
int DrawGLScene(GLvoid); // this is where all the drawing goes.
GLvoid ReSizeGLScene(GLsizei width, GLsizei height); // this function is used to handle the properties when the window is resized when full screen mode is not used.
GLvoid KillGLWindow(GLvoid); // this function is called before closing the window.
// =================================================================================================================================================== //
// this function is the entry point of this project . what ever this program does, it starts from here.
int APIENTRY _tWinMain(_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance,
_In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
_In_ LPTSTR lpCmdLine,
_In_ int nCmdShow)
{
MSG msg; // Windows Message Structure
BOOL done = FALSE; // Bool Variable To Exit Loop
// Create Our OpenGL Window
if (!CreateGLWindow("OpenGL Testing", 640, 480, 16, fullscreen))
{
return 0; // Quit If Window Was Not Created
}
while (!done) // Loop That Runs Until done=TRUE
{
if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) // Is There A Message Waiting?
{
if (msg.message == WM_QUIT) // Have We Received A Quit Message?
{
done = TRUE; // If So done=TRUE
}
else // If Not, Deal With Window Messages
{
TranslateMessage(&msg); // Translate The Message
DispatchMessage(&msg); // Dispatch The Message
}
}
else // If There Are No Messages
{
// Draw The Scene. Watch For ESC Key And Quit Messages From DrawGLScene()
if (active) // Program Active?
{
if (keys[VK_ESCAPE]) // Was ESC Pressed?
{
done = TRUE; // ESC Signalled A Quit
}
else // Not Time To Quit, Update Screen
{
DrawGLScene(); // Draw The Scene
SwapBuffers(hDC); // Swap Buffers (Double Buffering)
}
}
if (keys[VK_F1]) // Is F1 Being Pressed?
{
keys[VK_F1] = FALSE; // If So Make Key FALSE
KillGLWindow(); // Kill Our Current Window
fullscreen = !fullscreen; // Toggle Fullscreen / Windowed Mode
// Recreate Our OpenGL Window
if (!CreateGLWindow("Aqib", 640, 480, 16, fullscreen))
{
return 0; // Quit If Window Was Not Created
}
}
}
}
// Shutdown
KillGLWindow(); // Kill The Window
return (msg.wParam); // Exit The Program
}
// this function is used to initialize all the opengl components.
int InitGL(GLvoid){
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); // enabling smooth shader
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // black background
glClearDepth(1.0f); // depth buffer setup
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // enable depth testing
glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL); // the type of depth test to do
glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST); // really nice perspective calculations
return TRUE; // initialization went ok
}
// this function creates and registers the window to the OS.
BOOL CreateGLWindow(char* title, int width, int height, int bits, bool fullscreenflag){
GLuint PixelFormat; // Holds The Results After Searching For A Match
WNDCLASS wc; // Windows Class Structure
DWORD dwExStyle; // Window Extended Style
DWORD dwStyle; // Window Style
RECT WindowRect; // Grabs Rectangle Upper Left / Lower Right Values
WindowRect.left = (long)0; // Set Left Value To 0
WindowRect.right = (long)width; // Set Right Value To Requested Width
WindowRect.top = (long)0; // Set Top Value To 0
WindowRect.bottom = (long)height; // Set Bottom Value To Requested Height
fullscreen = fullscreenflag; // Set The Global Fullscreen Flag
hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL); // Grab An Instance For Our Window
wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW | CS_OWNDC; // Redraw On Move, And Own DC For Window
wc.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WndProc; // WndProc Handles Messages
wc.cbClsExtra = 0; // No Extra Window Data
wc.cbWndExtra = 0; // No Extra Window Data
wc.hInstance = hInstance; // Set The Instance
wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_WINLOGO); // Load The Default Icon
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); // Load The Arrow Pointer
wc.hbrBackground = NULL; // No Background Required For GL
wc.lpszMenuName = NULL; // We Don't Want A Menu
wc.lpszClassName = (LPCWSTR)"OpenGLTesting"; // Set The Class Name
if (!RegisterClass(&wc)) // Attempt To Register The Window Class
{
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Failed To Register The Window Class.", (LPCWSTR)"ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE; // Exit And Return FALSE
}
if (fullscreen){ // Attempt Fullscreen Mode?
DEVMODE dmScreenSettings; // Device Mode
memset(&dmScreenSettings, 0, sizeof(dmScreenSettings)); // Makes Sure Memory's Cleared
dmScreenSettings.dmSize = sizeof(dmScreenSettings); // Size Of The Devmode Structure
dmScreenSettings.dmPelsWidth = width; // Selected Screen Width
dmScreenSettings.dmPelsHeight = height; // Selected Screen Height
dmScreenSettings.dmBitsPerPel = bits; // Selected Bits Per Pixel
dmScreenSettings.dmFields = DM_BITSPERPEL | DM_PELSWIDTH | DM_PELSHEIGHT;
// Try To Set Selected Mode And Get Results. NOTE: CDS_FULLSCREEN Gets Rid Of Start Bar.
if (ChangeDisplaySettings(&dmScreenSettings, CDS_FULLSCREEN) != DISP_CHANGE_SUCCESSFUL){
// If The Mode Fails, Offer Two Options. Quit Or Run In A Window.
fullscreen = FALSE;
}
}
if (fullscreen){ // Are We Still In Fullscreen Mode?
dwExStyle = WS_EX_APPWINDOW; // Window Extended Style
dwStyle = WS_POPUP; // Windows Style
ShowCursor(TRUE); // Hide Mouse Pointer
}
else{
dwExStyle = WS_EX_APPWINDOW | WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE; // Window Extended Style
dwStyle = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW; // Windows Style
}
AdjustWindowRectEx(&WindowRect, dwStyle, FALSE, dwExStyle); // Adjust Window To True Requested Size
if (!(hWnd = CreateWindowEx(dwExStyle, // Extended Style For The Window
(LPCWSTR)"OpenGLTesting", // Class Name
(LPCWSTR)title, // Window Title
WS_CLIPSIBLINGS | // Required Window Style
WS_CLIPCHILDREN | // Required Window Style
dwStyle, // Selected Window Style
0, 0, // Window Position
WindowRect.right - WindowRect.left, // Calculate Adjusted Window Width
WindowRect.bottom - WindowRect.top, // Calculate Adjusted Window Height
NULL, // No Parent Window
NULL, // No Menu
hInstance, // Instance
NULL)))
{
KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Window Creation Error.", (LPCWSTR)"ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE;
}
static PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd = // pfd Tells Windows How We Want Things To Be
{
sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR), // Size Of This Pixel Format Descriptor
1, // Version Number
PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW | // Format Must Support Window
PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL | // Format Must Support OpenGL
PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER, // Must Support Double Buffering
PFD_TYPE_RGBA, // Request An RGBA Format
bits, // Select Our Color Depth
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // Color Bits Ignored
0, // No Alpha Buffer
0, // Shift Bit Ignored
0, // No Accumulation Buffer
0, 0, 0, 0, // Accumulation Bits Ignored
16, // 16Bit Z-Buffer (Depth Buffer)
0, // No Stencil Buffer
0, // No Auxiliary Buffer
PFD_MAIN_PLANE, // Main Drawing Layer
0, // Reserved
0, 0, 0 // Layer Masks Ignored
};
if (!(hDC = GetDC(hWnd))) // Did We Get A Device Context?
{
KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Can't Create A GL Device Context.", (LPCWSTR)"ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE; // Return FALSE
}
if (!(PixelFormat = ChoosePixelFormat(hDC, &pfd))) // Did Windows Find A Matching Pixel Format?
{
KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Can't Find A Suitable PixelFormat.", (LPCWSTR)"ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE; // Return FALSE
}
if (!SetPixelFormat(hDC, PixelFormat, &pfd)) // Are We Able To Set The Pixel Format?
{
KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Can't Set The PixelFormat.", (LPCWSTR)"ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE; // Return FALSE
}
if (!(hRC = wglCreateContext(hDC))) // Are We Able To Get A Rendering Context?
{
KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Can't Create A GL Rendering Context.", (LPCWSTR)"ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE; // Return FALSE
}
if (!wglMakeCurrent(hDC, hRC)) // Try To Activate The Rendering Context
{
KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Can't Activate The GL Rendering Context.", (LPCWSTR)"ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE; // Return FALSE
}
ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW); // Show The Window
SetForegroundWindow(hWnd); // Slightly Higher Priority
SetFocus(hWnd); // Sets Keyboard Focus To The Window
ReSizeGLScene(width, height); // Set Up Our Perspective GL Screen
if (!InitGL()) // Initialize Our Newly Created GL Window
{
KillGLWindow(); // Reset The Display
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Initialization Failed.", (LPCWSTR)"ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE; // Return FALSE
}
return TRUE; // Success
}
// this function is used to draw objects in the scene.
int DrawGLScene(GLvoid){
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // Clear The Screen And The Depth Buffer
glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The Current Modelview Matrix
glTranslatef(-1.5f, 0.0f, -6.0f); // Move into space 6 units and -1.5 to the left
glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); // Begin drawing triagle
glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Top
glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f); // Bottom Left
glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f); // Bottom Right
glEnd(); // Finished Drawing The Triangle
glTranslatef(3.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // Move Right 3 Units
glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glBegin(GL_QUADS); // Draw A Quad
glColor3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Top Left
glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // Top Right
glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f); // Bottom Right
glColor3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f); // Bottom Left
glEnd(); // Done Drawing The Quad
return TRUE; // Everything Went OK
}
// this function resizes and reinitializes the property of the opengl window when window is resized.
GLvoid ReSizeGLScene(GLsizei width, GLsizei height){
if (height == 0){ // prevent a divide by zero
height = 1; // Making height equal one
}
glViewport(0, 0, width, height); // Resize the current viewport
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); // select the projection matrix
glLoadIdentity(); // reset the projection matrix
// Calculate theaspect ratio of the window
gluPerspective(45.0f, (GLfloat)width / (GLfloat)height, 0.1f, 100.0f);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); // select the model view matrix
glLoadIdentity(); // reset the modelview matrix
}
// this function is called before closing the application to properly close the window.
GLvoid KillGLWindow(GLvoid)
{
if (fullscreen)
{
ChangeDisplaySettings(NULL, 0); // If so Switch back to the Desktop.
ShowCursor(TRUE); // Show the mouse pointer.
}
if (hRC)
{
if (!wglMakeCurrent(NULL, NULL))
{
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Release of DC and RC Failed", (LPCWSTR)"SHUTDOWN ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
}
if (!wglDeleteContext(hRC)) // Are we able to delete the rendering context?
{
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Release of Rendering Context Failed", (LPCWSTR)"SHUTDOWN ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
}
hRC = NULL; // set rendering context to null.
}
if (hDC && !ReleaseDC(hWnd, hDC)) // Are We Able To Release The DC
{
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Release Device Context Failed.", (LPCWSTR)"SHUTDOWN ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
hDC = NULL; // Set DC To NULL
}
if (hWnd && !DestroyWindow(hWnd)) // Are We Able To Destroy The Window?
{
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Could Not Release hWnd.", (LPCWSTR)"SHUTDOWN ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
hWnd = NULL; // Set hWnd To NULL
}
if (!UnregisterClass((LPCWSTR)"OpenGL", hInstance)) // Are We Able To Unregister Class
{
MessageBox(NULL, (LPCWSTR)"Could Not Unregister Class.", (LPCWSTR)"SHUTDOWN ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
hInstance = NULL; // Set hInstance To NULL
}
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, // Handle For This Window
UINT uMsg, // Message For This Window
WPARAM wParam, // Additional Message Information
LPARAM lParam) // Additional Message Information
{
switch (uMsg) // Check For Windows Messages
{
case WM_ACTIVATE: // Watch For Window Activate Message
{
if (!HIWORD(wParam)) // Check Minimization State
{
active = TRUE; // Program Is Active
}
else
{
active = FALSE; // Program Is No Longer Active
}
return 0; // Return To The Message Loop
}
case WM_SYSCOMMAND: // Intercept System Commands
{
switch (wParam) // Check System Calls
{
case SC_SCREENSAVE: // Screensaver Trying To Start?
case SC_MONITORPOWER: // Monitor Trying To Enter Powersave?
return 0; // Prevent From Happening
}
break; // Exit
}
case WM_CLOSE: // Did We Receive A Close Message?
{
PostQuitMessage(0); // Send A Quit Message
return 0; // Jump Back
}
case WM_KEYDOWN: // Is A Key Being Held Down?
{
keys[wParam] = TRUE; // If So, Mark It As TRUE
return 0; // Jump Back
}
case WM_KEYUP: // Has A Key Been Released?
{
keys[wParam] = FALSE; // If So, Mark It As FALSE
return 0; // Jump Back
}
case WM_SIZE: // Resize The OpenGL Window
{
ReSizeGLScene(LOWORD(lParam), HIWORD(lParam)); // LoWord=Width, HiWord=Height
return 0; // Jump Back
}
}
// Pass All Unhandled Messages To DefWindowProc
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}

Answer 1

The problem you're most likely running into is, that the Windows APIs you use expect wide character strings, but the string literals you have in your source code are standard (narrow) characters. So for every 2 consecutive characters in your strings, Windows interprets it as a single wide character; which will very likely end up in some asian script if every two bytes of a wchar are nonzero.
Solution: Use the _TEXT(…) macro to surround your string literals, turning them into wide character strings.