I'd like to ask, how could I locate a specific (exported) function inside a DLL. For example I'd like to locate ReadProcessMemory inside Kernel32. I wouldn't like to rely on Import table, I'd like to locate different APIs based on their addresses what I get with a custom function.
I tried to make a small research on VA, RVA & File offsets, but I didn't succeed. Here's an example which I tried, but it isn't working (returns 0 in all cases):
DWORD Rva2Offset(DWORD dwRva, UINT_PTR uiBaseAddress)
{
WORD wIndex = 0;
PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER pSectionHeader = NULL;
PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS pNtHeaders = NULL;
pNtHeaders = (PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS) (uiBaseAddress + ((PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER) uiBaseAddress)->e_lfanew);
pSectionHeader = (PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER) ((UINT_PTR) (&pNtHeaders->OptionalHeader) + pNtHeaders->FileHeader.SizeOfOptionalHeader);
if (dwRva < pSectionHeader[0].PointerToRawData)
return dwRva;
for (wIndex = 0; wIndex < pNtHeaders->FileHeader.NumberOfSections; wIndex++)
{
if (dwRva >= pSectionHeader[wIndex].VirtualAddress && dwRva < (pSectionHeader[wIndex].VirtualAddress + pSectionHeader[wIndex].SizeOfRawData))
return (dwRva - pSectionHeader[wIndex].VirtualAddress + pSectionHeader[wIndex].PointerToRawData);
}
return 0;
}
Could you help me how could I accomplish this simple task?
Thank you.
P.s.: I'm not sticking to the function above, both if you can point out what's the problem, or give a better source would be awesome.
This gives you the relative virtual address
uintptr_t baseAddr = (uintptr_t)GetModuleHandle("nameOfExe.exe");
uintptr_t relativeAddr = functionAddress - baseAddr;
This converts relative virtual address to File offset:
DWORD RVAToFileOffset(IMAGE_NT_HEADERS32* pNtHdr, DWORD dwRVA)
{
int i;
WORD wSections;
PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER pSectionHdr;
pSectionHdr = IMAGE_FIRST_SECTION(pNtHdr);
wSections = pNtHdr->FileHeader.NumberOfSections;
for (i = 0; i < wSections; i++)
{
if (pSectionHdr->VirtualAddress <= dwRVA)
if ((pSectionHdr->VirtualAddress + pSectionHdr->Misc.VirtualSize) > dwRVA)
{
dwRVA -= pSectionHdr->VirtualAddress;
dwRVA += pSectionHdr->PointerToRawData;
return (dwRVA);
}
pSectionHdr++;
}
return (-1);
}
Related
I have the following code that needs to be ported from windows to boost:
BOOL Class::fn_GetModulePath(WCHAR szPath[MAX_PATH])
{
BOOL bReturn = FALSE;
dll::library_handle hDll = dll::load_shared_library((const char*)DC_DLL_FILENAME);
//HMODULE hDll = LoadLibrary(DC_DLL_FILENAME);
if (hDll)
{
// This function needs replacing
DWORD dwResult = GetModuleFileName(hDll,szPath,MAX_PATH);
dll::close_shared_library(hDll);
//FreeLibrary(hDll);
if (dwResult)
{
int iLen = (int) wcslen(szPath);
if (iLen)
{
for (int i = iLen; i >= 0; i--)
{
if(szPath[i] == '\\')
{
szPath[i+1] = 0;
break;
}
}
}
bReturn = TRUE;
}
}
return bReturn;
}
How would I go about implementing the GetModuleFileName function using Boost?
Any help appreciated!
boost::dll::shared_library class has a method location which returns the full path to the library.
For the whole program, there is boost::dll::program_location global function.
In addition, it is possible to find the executable or library location by symbol address and by source location:
boost::dll::symbol_location
boost::dll::this_line_location
The latter can only be used by a module to find its own location.
You can use Boost.Dll like so:
shared_library lib(DC_DLL_FILENAME);
filesystem::path full_path = lib.location();
If you're trying to get the path to the currently running code, that is boost::dll::this_line_location().
My goal is to understand stack unwinding in 64-bit PE32+ executable format in Windows, or how the following API can calculate addresses of a function prologue, body, epilogue, etc.:
CONTEXT context = {0};
RtlCaptureContext(&context);
DWORD64 ImgBase = 0;
RUNTIME_FUNCTION* pRTFn = RtlLookupFunctionEntry(context.Rip, &ImgBase, NULL);
_tprintf(L"Prologue=0x%p\n", (void*)(ImgBase + pRTFn->BeginAddress));
I know that the information on the offsets of all non-leaf functions used by the linker is included in the PE32+ header in the exceptions directory. So I tried to write my own function to parse it. I got to this point where I got stumped:
//INFO -- must be compiled as x64 only!
void GetFunctionTable(BYTE* lpBaseAddress, size_t szImageSz)
{
if(lpBaseAddress)
{
if(szImageSz > sizeof(IMAGE_DOS_HEADER))
{
IMAGE_DOS_HEADER* pDOSHeader = (IMAGE_DOS_HEADER*)lpBaseAddress;
if(pDOSHeader->e_magic == IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE)
{
IMAGE_NT_HEADERS* pNtHeader = (IMAGE_NT_HEADERS*)((BYTE*)pDOSHeader + pDOSHeader->e_lfanew);
PIMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY pDataDirectories = NULL;
if(pNtHeader->OptionalHeader.Magic == IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR64_MAGIC)
{
//64-bit image only
IMAGE_NT_HEADERS64* pHdr64 = (IMAGE_NT_HEADERS64*)pNtHeader;
IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64* pIOH64 = &pHdr64->OptionalHeader;
pDataDirectories = pIOH64->DataDirectory;
IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY* pExceptDir = &pDataDirectories[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXCEPTION];
if(pExceptDir->VirtualAddress &&
pExceptDir->Size)
{
IMAGE_RUNTIME_FUNCTION_ENTRY* pRFs = (IMAGE_RUNTIME_FUNCTION_ENTRY*)
GetPtrFromRVA64(pExceptDir->VirtualAddress, pNtHeader, lpBaseAddress);
//'pRFs' = should point to an array of RUNTIME_FUNCTION structs
// but in my case it points to an empty region of memory with all zeros.
}
}
}
}
}
}
with the following helper functions:
PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER GetEnclosingSectionHeader64(DWORD_PTR rva, PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS64 pNTHeader)
{
PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER section = IMAGE_FIRST_SECTION(pNTHeader);
unsigned int i;
for ( i=0; i < pNTHeader->FileHeader.NumberOfSections; i++, section++ )
{
if ( (rva >= section->VirtualAddress) &&
(rva < (section->VirtualAddress + section->Misc.VirtualSize)))
return section;
}
return 0;
}
LPVOID GetPtrFromRVA64(DWORD rva, const void* pNTHeader, const void* imageBase)
{
PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER pSectionHdr;
INT_PTR delta;
pSectionHdr = GetEnclosingSectionHeader64( rva, (PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS64)pNTHeader );
if ( !pSectionHdr )
return 0;
delta = (INT_PTR)(pSectionHdr->VirtualAddress - pSectionHdr->PointerToRawData);
return (PVOID) ( (BYTE*)imageBase + rva - delta );
}
So I'm testing it on the self executable:
HMODULE hMod = ::GetModuleHandle(NULL);
MODULEINFO mi = {0};
if(::GetModuleInformation(::GetCurrentProcess(), hMod, &mi, sizeof(mi)))
{
GetFunctionTable((BYTE*)hMod, mi.SizeOfImage);
}
But the problem is that inside my GetFunctionTable when I try to look up the function table mapped in memory in the IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXCEPTION directory, I'm getting a pointer (i.e. IMAGE_RUNTIME_FUNCTION_ENTRY*) to an empty region of memory. I must be not translating the rva address correctly.
So anyone who knows how PE32+ header is mapped in memory, can please show what am I doing wrong there?
I am reading IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY as follows
PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY ExportDirectory = (PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY)((DWORD)dosHeader + ConvertRVA(PEImageOptionalHeader->DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT].VirtualAddress,
FirstSectionHeader,PEFileImageHeader));
This works.Then i want to access AddressOfNames.
PDWORD* ExportedFunctions;
ExportedFunctions = (PDWORD *)((DWORD)dosHeader + ConvertRVA(ExportDirectory->AddressOfNames,FirstSectionHeader,PEFileImageHeader));
Now how can i find the names of the exported functions?ConvertRVA() is defined as
DWORD ConvertRVA(DWORD rva,PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER FirstSectionHeader,PIMAGE_FILE_HEADER PEFileImageHeader)
{
int j=0;
auto i =FirstSectionHeader;
for(;j<PEFileImageHeader->NumberOfSections ;i++,j++)
{
if(rva>=i->VirtualAddress && rva<i->VirtualAddress + i->Misc.VirtualSize)
break;
}
return rva+i->PointerToRawData-i->VirtualAddress;
}
I found a way to do this.
PDWORD ExportedFunctions;
ExportedFunctions = (PDWORD )((DWORD)dosHeader + ConvertRVA(ExportDirectory->AddressOfNames,FirstSectionHeaderBest,PEFileImageHeader));
for(int i=0;i<ExportDirectory->NumberOfNames;i++)
{
LPSTR aaaa=(PCHAR)((DWORD)dosHeader + ConvertRVA((DWORD)ExportedFunctions[0],FirstSectionHeaderBest,PEFileImageHeader));
std::cout<<aaaa<<std::endl;
}
I'm confused on why they use - 1 here. Can someone explain what this line is doing in very very very very low level detail please... Not o its subtracting 1 structure.... I need to know more...about the low level... thanks...
PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER last_section = IMAGE_FIRST_SECTION(nt_headers) + (nt_headers->FileHeader.NumberOfSections - 1);
The code above is in the below function:
//Reference: http://www.codeproject.com/KB/system/inject2exe.aspx
PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER add_section(const char *section_name, unsigned int section_size, void *image_addr) {
PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER dos_header = (PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER)image_addr;
if(dos_header->e_magic != 0x5A4D) {
wprintf(L"Could not retrieve DOS header from %p", image_addr);
return NULL;
}
PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS nt_headers = (PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS)((DWORD_PTR)dos_header + dos_header->e_lfanew);
if(nt_headers->OptionalHeader.Magic != 0x010B) {
wprintf(L"Could not retrieve NT header from %p", dos_header);
return NULL;
}
const int name_max_length = 8;
PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER last_section = IMAGE_FIRST_SECTION(nt_headers) + (nt_headers->FileHeader.NumberOfSections - 1);
PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER new_section = IMAGE_FIRST_SECTION(nt_headers) + (nt_headers->FileHeader.NumberOfSections);
memset(new_section, 0, sizeof(IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER));
new_section->Characteristics = IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE | IMAGE_SCN_CNT_CODE;
memcpy(new_section->Name, section_name, name_max_length);
new_section->Misc.VirtualSize = section_size;
new_section->PointerToRawData = align_to_boundary(last_section->PointerToRawData + last_section->SizeOfRawData,
nt_headers->OptionalHeader.FileAlignment);
new_section->SizeOfRawData = align_to_boundary(section_size, nt_headers->OptionalHeader.SectionAlignment);
new_section->VirtualAddress = align_to_boundary(last_section->VirtualAddress + last_section->Misc.VirtualSize,
nt_headers->OptionalHeader.SectionAlignment);
nt_headers->OptionalHeader.SizeOfImage = new_section->VirtualAddress + new_section->Misc.VirtualSize;
nt_headers->FileHeader.NumberOfSections++;
return new_section;
}
In C and C++, array elements are indexed from 0 to n-1 (in FORTRAN from 1 to n). So, if you have a pointer p0 to the first element but want a pointer to the last element you have to add n-1:
plast=p0+n-1. This all there is to this.
Does anybody know of a better/ faster way to get the call stack than "StackWalk"?
I also think that stackwalk can also be slower on methods with a lot of variables...
(I wonder what commercial profilers do?)
I'm using C++ on windows. :)
thanks :)
I don't know if it's faster, and it won't show you any symbols, and I'm sure you can do better than that, but this is some code I wrote a while back when I needed this info (only works for Windows):
struct CallStackItem
{
void* pc;
CallStackItem* next;
CallStackItem()
{
pc = NULL;
next = NULL;
}
};
typedef void* CallStackHandle;
CallStackHandle CreateCurrentCallStack(int nLevels)
{
void** ppCurrent = NULL;
// Get the current saved stack pointer (saved by the compiler on the function prefix).
__asm { mov ppCurrent, ebp };
// Don't limit if nLevels is not positive
if (nLevels <= 0)
nLevels = 1000000;
// ebp points to the old call stack, where the first two items look like this:
// ebp -> [0] Previous ebp
// [1] previous program counter
CallStackItem* pResult = new CallStackItem;
CallStackItem* pCurItem = pResult;
int nCurLevel = 0;
// We need to read two pointers from the stack
int nRequiredMemorySize = sizeof(void*) * 2;
while (nCurLevel < nLevels && ppCurrent && !IsBadReadPtr(ppCurrent, nRequiredMemorySize))
{
// Keep the previous program counter (where the function will return to)
pCurItem->pc = ppCurrent[1];
pCurItem->next = new CallStackItem;
// Go the the previously kept ebp
ppCurrent = (void**)*ppCurrent;
pCurItem = pCurItem->next;
++nCurLevel;
}
return pResult;
}
void PrintCallStack(CallStackHandle hCallStack)
{
CallStackItem* pCurItem = (CallStackItem*)hCallStack;
printf("----- Call stack start -----\n");
while (pCurItem)
{
printf("0x%08x\n", pCurItem->pc);
pCurItem = pCurItem->next;
}
printf("----- Call stack end -----\n");
}
void ReleaseCallStack(CallStackHandle hCallStack)
{
CallStackItem* pCurItem = (CallStackItem*)hCallStack;
CallStackItem* pPrevItem;
while (pCurItem)
{
pPrevItem = pCurItem;
pCurItem = pCurItem->next;
delete pPrevItem;
}
}
I use Jochen Kalmbachs StackWalker.
I speedet it up this way:
The most time is lost in looking for the PDB files in the default directories and PDB Servers.
I use only one PDB path and implemented a white list for the images I want to get resolved (no need for me to look for user32.pdb)
Sometimes I dont need to dive to the bottom, so I defined a max deep
code changes:
BOOL StackWalker::LoadModules()
{
...
// comment this line out and replace to your pdb path
// BOOL bRet = this->m_sw->Init(szSymPath);
BOOL bRet = this->m_sw->Init(<my pdb path>);
...
}
BOOL StackWalker::ShowCallstack(int iMaxDeep /* new parameter */ ... )
{
...
// define a maximal deep
// for (frameNum = 0; ; ++frameNum )
for (frameNum = 0; frameNum < iMaxDeep; ++frameNum )
{
...
}
}
Check out http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb204633%28VS.85%29.aspx - this is "CaptureStackBackTrace", although it's called as "RtlCaptureStackBackTrace".