I have an RDS automated backup from several hours ago. In there is some data, which I have accidentally removed from the current database. Is it possible to extract data from an old automated backup?
Yes, assuming the data was present at your recovery time.
If you used the automated backup feature, you will be able to restore a DB instance to a specified time -- this process will create a new DB instance that uses the data from your backup. Here's a detailed explaination of what would be happening:
The automated backup feature of Amazon RDS enables point-in-time recovery of your DB Instance. When automated backups are turned on for your DB Instance, Amazon RDS automatically performs a full daily snapshot of your data (during your preferred backup window) and captures transaction logs (as updates to your DB Instance are made). When you initiate a point-in-time recovery, transaction logs are applied to the most appropriate daily backup in order to restore your DB Instance to the specific time you requested.
You haven't told us what type of database engine you're using... but very generally, once the new DB instance is in the available state, you will be able to connect to it and extract any data just as you would on the source DB instance.
You can perform this action from the:
AWS console
CLI (rds-restore-db-instance-to-point-in-time)
API (RestoreDBInstanceToPointInTime).
Note that the security group will be set to the "Default" group by default, so you may need to modify the DB instance after it becomes available if you use any custom security groups to connect.
Related
I have a database hosted in my companies local data centre (source) and another cloud-hosted database (AWS RDS Postgres Online data store)
The local database (on-prem) is updated on an intraday basis (every 1-2 hours), how can I ensure that I move the new data to the RDS Database as soon as changes/updates occur in the local source database (we need this updated data from source to run specific processes/business logic on the RDS database as soon as changes occur in the source databases).
Would AWS DMS or AWS Kinesis be sufficient for this use case?
Try to implement native replication from Postgre, it would be the best method https://hevodata.com/learn/postgresql-streaming-replication/
I am having an AWS RDS Aurora PostgreSQL cluster with four instances with a Multi-AZ deployment serving in Production. Encryption-at-rest hasn't been enabled on this cluster. Now I have to enable the encryption on this existing cluster. AWS docs suggest me to create a snapshot of that cluster and then restore the cluster again with the encryption enabled this time. Ref: Here
Since my cluster is serving in production and no downtime or I/O suspension is acceptable to me. Here are some questions that I would like to get answered before I plan about encrypting the existing cluster:
Is there any downtime during the creation of the snapshot assuming there is a lot of data and a snapshot will take time.
What about the new data that is being written on to the database during the snapshot creation? Is the snapshot creation real-time or I will lose my new data during the time till the snapshot is being taken?
Is this the only way for me to enable encryption on the production cluster knowing that it will result in some database outage?
There is a way to encrypt your AWS RDS Amazon Aurora with PostgreSQL compatibility Cluster with no or minimum downtime, but it will take a bit of effort.
You need to take the following steps:
For the source DB, you have to take snapshot.
Then copy that snapshot, and check Enable Encryption and select Default Encryption Key or select your Custom AWS KMS CMK, now you have an encrypted copy of your DB snapshot.
Restore this encrypted snapshot to the new DB instance, and you can enable Multi-AZ and add Read Replicas now or modify them after migration.
Now you have two DB instances Encrypted and Unencrypted, but the data mismatched as it is a production database.
We will use AWS DMS to make synchronous replication of data, or ou can use PostgreSQL logical replication with Aurora instead of AWS DMS, it will be better, both will works.
Go to AWS DMS console, create an AWS DMS task.
For migration type, choose Migrate existing data and replicate ongoing changes.
For target table preparation mode, choose Truncate.
Under Advanced Task Settings, enable the awsdms_status table if you want to verify replication status.
Run the migration task and wait until all the records are updated. AWS DMS will then determine the size of the data to migrate.
Then, you need to verify the data in the Encrypted DB instance after migration is the same as the Unencrypted DB instance.
Check replication status in AWS DMS, by checking the migration task and awsdms_status.
You can now route traffic to the new endpoint.
For a smooth cutover, use Amazon Route 53 to route traffic by changing the DNS TTL to a short value, and eventually replacing the endpoint names in Route 53.
Now replying to your questions,
Is there any downtime during the creation of the snapshot assuming there is a lot of data and a snapshot will take time.
According to you cluster setup, you are running a Multi-AZ deployment, automated backups and DB Snapshots are simply taken from the standby to avoid I/O suspension on the primary. Please note that you may experience increased I/O latency (typically lasting a few minutes) during backups for both Single-AZ and Multi-AZ deployments.
What about the new data that is being written on to the database during the snapshot creation? Is the snapshot creation real-time or I
will lose my new data during the time till the snapshot is being
taken?
You will lose your data written after the snapshot has been taken, so you will use AWS DMS to replicate synchronous data to your encrypted DB instances.
Is this the only way for me to enable encryption on the production cluster knowing that it will result in some database outage?
Yes this is the only way, but it will result in no or little downtime.
I have created and I have been managing a Postgresql RDS instance using Terraform.
Assuming I perform a terraform destroy, will this also delete the associated RDS snapshots that have been taken via the RDS schedule?
Terraform added the option to keep the automated backups for an RDS with the delete_automated_backups flag. Just set this to false.
When destroying an RDS database you have the option to either create a long lived final snapshot or retain the automated backups which will be deleted as per the schedule they were set for:
Instead of creating a snapshot, you can choose to enable Retain automated backups when you delete a DB instance. These backups are still subject to the retention period of the DB instance and age out the same way systems snapshots do.
Terraform supports keeping a final snapshot by setting the final_snapshot_identifier and making sure that skip_final_snapshot is not set to true.
Unfortunately, Terraform doesn't currently support retaining the automated backups taken from scheduled snapshots but there is an open feature request with a couple of half finished pull requests linked to it.
I have a doubt if in AWS all server-side work is done by cloud manager then why do we store backup for database?
I have studied in documentation that all the things are managed by cloud service providers for the database related things. Then what is the need of storing backup if service provider do everything for me?
You maintain your own backups of RDS instances for the same reason that you maintain offsite backups of on-premise databases: disaster recovery. In your own data center, a fire or terrorism or natural disaster could destroy both your database and your local backups. In the cloud, these disasters tend to take on a different form.
If all of your data is in any one place, then you are vulnerable to data loss in a catastrophic event, which could take a number of forms: a serious defect in the cloud provider's infrastructure (unlikely with AWS, but nothing is impossible), human error, malicious employees, a compromise of your credentials, or any other of a number of statistically-unlikely events -- the low probability of which becomes irrelevant when it occurs.
If you value your data, you back it up independently and outside of its native environment.
Amazon RDS runs a database of your choice: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server. These are normal databases and operate in the same way as a database you would run yourself.
You are correct that a managed solution takes care of installation, maintenance and hardware issues. Also, you can configure the system to automatically take backups of the data.
From Working With Backups - Amazon Relational Database Service:
Amazon RDS creates and saves automated backups of your DB instance. Amazon RDS creates a storage volume snapshot of your DB instance, backing up the entire DB instance and not just individual databases.
Amazon RDS creates automated backups of your DB instance during the backup window of your DB instance. Amazon RDS saves the automated backups of your DB instance according to the backup retention period that you specify. If necessary, you can recover your database to any point in time during the backup retention period.
You also have the ability to trigger a manual backup. This is advisable, for example, before you do major work on the database, such as modifying schemas when upgrading an application that uses the database.
Bottom line: Amazon RDS can manage the backups for you. You do not need to take manage the backup process, but you can trigger the RDS backups yourself.
We are trying to take incremental back for mysql in RDS. We are unable to find any methods to take incremental backup . How can this be done in RDS ? In FAQ we read that we can restore the data up to last five minutes. But we are not sure how to do that?
You can use AWS Data Pipeline to do this.
It supports full RDS dump or incremental dump and restore.The problem is you cannot reuse a pipeline. You will have to clone the pipeline and create a new one using AWS Lambda or Jenkins or some other job scheduling system each time you want to create a Backup or Restore.
Check out this blog to find more information on that.
a. RDS provides Native incremental backup feature - RDS snapshots and also has a feature called Point in time recovery (PITR). This allows you to restore a state of RDS instance from last 5 minutes upto max 35 days in the past (35 days being the max automatic backup retention period).
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_WorkingWithAutomatedBackups.html
b. You can also trigger Manual snapshots in RDS - which is once again incremental (which means that if you have a running RDS server of 1TB your first/base snapshot will be 1TB) and any subsequent snapshots of the same server will only capture the modified blocks. In manual snapshots there is not retention period. You can keep as long as you wish unless you want to delete it manually. But the PITR feature is not available over Manual snapshots (i.e not longer than the configured automatic backup retention window)
In both the above features, you are dependent upon the RDS API/platform to take backup, list all the backups and restore RDS from backup. You dont have any control over the raw data / row level data.
For raw data backup, you need to consider Mysqldumps and restore - but that is an expensive operation (both backup and restore). You can use some third party tools like (percona) which provides good utilities to perform the same - but you cant use few tools because RDS does not allows you with RDS host access - so unless you run your own Mysql on VM/EC2, you are limited to the above 2 options. hope this helps.
https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-xtrabackup/2.3/innobackupex/incremental_backups_innobackupex.html
https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-xtrabackup/2.3/backup_scenarios/incremental_backup.html