I have a large LaTeX document where I have defined a macro like this:
\newcommand{\abs}[1]{\left|#1\right|}
I want to get rid of it by replacing in all the document \abs{...} by \left|...\right|, so I am thinking in a regular expression. I am familiar with their basics but I do not know how to find the bracket that closes the expression, given that the following situations are possible:
\abs{(2+x)^3}
\abs{\frac{2}{3}}
\abs{\frac{2}{\sin(2\abs{x})}}
What I have been able to do for the moment is \\abs\{([^\}]*)\} and then replace as \left\1\right|but it is only able to deal with the pieces of code of the first kind only.
By the way, I am using the TeXstudio regular expression engine.
Well, I did a little more of research and I managed to solve it. According to this response in a similar question, it suffices to use recursive regular expressions and a text editor that supports them, for example Sublime Text 2 (I could not do it with TeXstudio). This does the trick:
Find: \\abs\{(([^\{\}]|(?R))*)\}
Replace: \\left|\1\\right|
EDIT 1: Actually this solves only the two first cases, but fails with the third, so any idea on how to improve the regular expression would be appreciated.
EDIT 2: See comment from #CasimiretHippolyte for full answer using \\abs\{((?>[^{}]+|\{(?1)\})*)\}
Related
On a recreative coding website (https://dmoj.ca/user/quantum) I came across a piece of code which prints out the following string:
If a problem can't be solved with *regex*, it's a bad problem.
I was suprised seeing the code because it seems that it only uses a regular expression to accomplish this:
''=~('('.'?'.'{'.('['^'+').('['^')').('`'|')').('`'|'.').('['^'/').'"'.('`'^')')
.('`'|'&').('{'^'[').('`'|'!').('{'^'[').('['^'+').('['^')').('`'|'/').('`'|'"')
.('`'|',').('`'|'%').('`'|'-').('{'^'[').('`'|'#').('`'|'!').('`'|'.')."'".('['^
'/').('{'^'[').('`'|'"').('`'|'%').('{'^'[').('['^'(').('`'|'/').('`'|',').('['^
'-').('`'|'%').('`'|'$').('{'^'[').('['^',').('`'|')').('['^'/').('`'|'(').('{'^
'[').'*'.('['^')').('`'|'%').('`'|"'").('`'|'%').('['^'#').'*'.','.('{'^'[').('`'
|')').('['^'/')."'".('['^'(').('{'^'[').('`'|'!').('{'^'[').('`'|'"').('`'|'!').
('`'|'$').('{'^'[').('['^'+').('['^')').('`'|'/').('`'|'"').('`'|',').('`'|'%').
('`'|'-').'.'.'"'.'}'.')');
(all credits for this piece of art go to the original author from the website I mentioned above: Quantum)
I really want to know how this works exactly but I couldn't find anything on Google, can someone explain this to me? Oh, and it's written in Perl.
The code uses an Eval-group inside the regex to execute arbitrary code. You have to use use re 'eval' to enable the behavior.
Eval-groups look like (?{...}) with the part inside the curly braces being evaluated.
The rest of the regex is OR'ing and XOR'ing characters. For instance '['^'+']' is equivalent to 'p'. . simply concatenates all those characters.
You can paste the part after the =~ matching operator into your perl shell and see the final regex that is being matched/executed.
I'm using Notepad++ and need to update a file where there are various differences in earlier sections of the string of text and think Wildcards may help here. From the research I've done thus far, it isn't clear what syntax would be used for this.
Here's an example of the original string:
"EEID","SUPLIFE","Voluntary Life Insurance","500000.00","500000.00",0,276,10.62.0,0,0,"20151112","","A","","","","",""
I'd like to find a way to add wildcards in the places noted below as WILDCARD:
"EEID","SUPLIFE","Voluntary Life Insurance","WILDCARD","WILDCARD",WILDCARD,WILDCARD,WILDCARD,WILDCARD,WILDCARD,WILDCARD,"20151112","","A","","","","",""
The final output would then look like the following after the find/replace with wildcards to add VLIFE:
"EEID","SUPLIFE","Voluntary Life Insurance","500000.00","500000.00",0,276,10.62.0,0,0,"20151112","","A","VLIFE","","","",""
Thanks,
Brandon
Tested in Notepad++ and appears to work:
("EEID","SUPLIFE","Voluntary Life Insurance",([^,]+,){8}"","A",)("")(.*)
and replace pattern:
\1"VLIFE"\4
Regex101 example
I am trying to write a regular expression which finds all the comments in text.
For example all between /* */.
Example:
/* Hello */
When I do this:/\*.*\*/, it behaves odd and nothing is shown. What is wrong with it?
EDIT: The comments can be spread across multiple lines
Unlike the example posted above, you were trying to match comments that spanned multiple lines. By default, . does not match a line break. Thus you have to enable multi-line mode in the regex to match multi-line comments.
Also, you probably need to use .*? instead of .*. Otherwise it will make the largest match possible, which will be everything between the first open comment and the last close comment.
I don't know how to enable multi-line matching mode in Sublime Text 2. I'm not sure it is available as a mode. However, you can insert a line break into the actual pattern by using CTRL + Enter. So, I would suggest this alternative:
/\*(.|\n)*?\*/
If Sublime Text 2 doesn't recognize the \n, you could alternatively use CTRL + Enter to insert a line break in the pattern, in place of \n.
I encountered this problem several years ago and wrote an entire article about it.
If you don't have access to non-greedy matching (not all regex libraries support non-greedy) then you should use this regex:
/\*([^*]|[\r\n]|(\*+([^*/]|[\r\n])))*\*+/
If you do have access to non-greedy matching then you can use:
/\*(.|[\r\n])*?\*/
Also, keep in mind that regular expressions are just a heuristic for this problem. Regular expressions don't support cases in which something appears to be a comment to the regular expression but actually isn't:
someString = "An example comment: /* example */";
// The comment around this code has been commented out.
// /*
some_code();
// */
Just want to add for HTML Comments is is this
\<!--(.|\n)*?-->
Just an additionnal note about using regex to remove comments inside a programming language file.
Warning!
Doing this you must not forget the case where you have the string /* or */ inside a string in the code - like var string = "/*"; - (we never know if you parse a huge code that is not yours)!
So the best is to parse the document with a programming language and have a boolean to save the state of an open string (and ignore any match inside open string).
Again a string delimited by " can contain a \" so pay attention with the regex!
You cannot write a regular expression that would be able to correctly find all comments, or even one type of comments - single-line or multiline.
Regular expressions can only provide a partial match, one that would would cover perhaps 90% of all cases, but that's it.
The syntax for regular expression is so complex, it is only possible to identify them correctly in 100% of cases by doing a full expression evaluation, which in turn is based on tokenizing the code. The latter is a huge task, which is implemented by all AST parsers today. See AST Explorer
Only a proper-written AST parser can tell you precisely where all regular expressions are located in your code. You would have to write a parser then based on that.
Or, you could use one of the existing libraries that already do all that, like decomment.
RegEx examples where any head-on approach is going to stumble, being unable to tell a regular expression from a comment block:
/\// - it will think this reg-ex is a single-line comment
/\/*/ - it will think this reg-ex opens a multi-line comment
The answer which user1919238 wrote works. Just corroborating that here, although the many upvotes probably do give you a clue.
It got rid of all these annoying block comments, put here just to show the usefulness/thank user1919238 for saving time:
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if you want to replace the obnoxious comment from flutter main.dart,
Press cmd +r on mac or cntrl+ r on windows,
type //.* into the box above, leave the box below empty
click .* on the replace dialog, to activate regex,
then click on replace all. this will remove all your comments, you can do this if you want to remove all comments in any file in a flutter.
Additional, to reformat the main.dart
press cmd+a on mac and cntrl+a on windows,
then press cmd+alt(option)+l or cntrl+alt+l, this will reformat the code.
I will attach a picture of the main. dart, the green .* at the top of the page is what you will press to activate the regex.
I have a string that looks like:
this is a string [[and]] it is [[awesome|amazing]]
I have the following regular expression so far:
(?<mygroup>(?<=\[\[).+?(?=\]\]))
I am basically trying to capture everything inside the brackets. However, I need to add another condition that says: If the matched result contains a pipe delimiter then only return the word to the right of the pipe delimiter. If there is no pipe then just return everything inside the brackets.
The parsing result I am looking for given the example above should look like:
and
amazing
Any input is appreciated.
(?<mygroup>(?<=\[\[)([^|\]]*|)?([^|]+?)(?=\]\]))
You could use this regex:
(?<=\[\[[^\]]*?)(?!\w+\|)\w+(?=\]\])
it matches both and and amazing words in your test example. You could check it out, I created a test app on Ideone.
From the regex info page:
The tremendous power and expressivity
of modern regular expressions can
seduce the gullible — or the foolhardy
— into trying to use regexes on every
string‐related task they come across.
My advice: Just grab what is between the brackets and parse it after.
Regular expressions are not the answer to everything. May those who follow after you be spared from deciphering the regex you come up with.
Using a regex, I am able to find a bunch of numbers that I want to replace. However, I want to replace the number with another number that is calculated using the original - captured - number.
Is that possible in notepad++ using a kind of expression in the replacement-part?
Edit: Maybe a strange thought, but could the calculation be done in the search part, generating a second captured number that would effectively be the result?
Even if it is possible, it will almost certainly be "messy" - why not do the replacements with a simple script instead? For example..
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
f = File.new("f1.txt", File::RDWR)
contents = f.read()
contents.gsub!(/\d+/){|m|
m.to_i + 1 # convert the current match to an integer, and add one
}
f.truncate(0) # empty the existing file
f.seek(0) # seek to the start of the file, before writing again
f.write(contents) # write modified file
f.close()
..and the output:
$ cat f1.txt
This was one: 1
This two two: 2
$ ruby replacer.rb
$ cat f1.txt
This was one: 2
This two two: 3
In reply to jeroen's comment,
I was actually interested if the possibility existed in the regular expression itself as they are so widespread
A regular expression is really just a simple pattern matching syntax. To do anything more advanced than search/replace with the matches would be up to the text-editors, but the usefulness of this is very limited, and can be achieved via scripting most editors allow (Notepad++ has a plugin system, although I've no idea how easy it is to use).
Basically, if regex/search-and-replace will not achieve what you want, I would say either use your editors scripting ability or use an external script.
Is that possible in notepad++ using a kind of expression in the replacement-part?
Interpolated evaluation of regular-expression matches is a relatively advanced feature that I probably would not expect to find in a general-purpose text editing application. I played around with Notepad++ a bit but was unable to get this to work, nor could I find anything in the documentation that suggests this is possible.
Hmmm... I'd have to recommend AWK to do this.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AWK
notepad++ has limited regular expressions built in. There are extensions that add a bit more to the regular expression find and replace, but I've found those hard to use. I would recommend writing a little external program to do it for you. Either Ruby, Perl or Python would be great for it. If you know those languages. I use Ruby and have had lots of success with it.