Debug Assertion [Vector] - c++

Question

I'm wondering if something is wrong with my code especially the vector implementation?
Well,I was just exposed to the use of vector yesterday by people here.
In my college,I only learnt array.So,the usage of vector is kinda new to me.
To my understanding,vector is basically a dynamic array.-Correct me if I were wrong
Well,so lets go with my code.I got the following error: "Vector subscript out of range" after inputting n value.
EDIT:Fixed my earlier issue.Thanks to #quantdev .Now I noticed that my values aren't sorted.
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
//Function prototype
void Insertion_sort(vector<int> AR, int n);
void random_store(int val, vector<int> &aVec);
int main()
{
int nvalue;
vector<int> int_vector;
cout << "How many numbers would you like to generate?\n";
cin >> nvalue;//get input from user
random_store(nvalue, int_vector);//pass user input into random() function
system("pause");
return 0;
}
void random_store(int val, vector<int> &aVec)//store randomly generated value
{
int num;//represent random integer output
for (int i = 0; i < val; i++)
{
aVec.push_back(rand() % val + 1);//push each generated value into vector
}
Insertion_sort(aVec,val);//Pass the vector into a function to perform sorting
cout << " \n The sorted array is as follows \n ";
for (int i = 1; i <= val; i++)//Print sorted array
{
cout << " \n Element " << i << " : " << aVec[i] << endl;//will loop from aVec 1st array till n value
}
}
void Insertion_sort(vector<int> AR, int n)//insertion sort function
{
int j, val;//iterate through entire list
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
{
val = AR[i];
j = i - 1;
while (j >= 0 && AR[j] > val){
AR[j + 1] = AR[j];
j = j - 1;
}
AR[j + 1] = val;
}
} // end of insertion sort function

Answer 1

The problem is that your vector contains val values, so indexes are in [0, val-1], but within this loop :
for (int i = 1; i <= val; i++)
The last iteration will try to access the element at index val+1, which is out of bounds (it also misses the first element, at index 0)
Change it to :
for (int i = 0; i < val; i++)
And since indexes are of type std::size_t :
for (std::size_t i = 0; i < val; i++)
Note:
Your sort function takes a vector by value, sorting a copy of the vector. You probably want to pass by reference instead :
void Insertion_sort(vector<int>& AR, int n)