I want to change the color of the title bar in my application as I have seen done in programs such as Skype Preview. I have found only one solution offered on the internet for this (WM_NCPAINT) which seems to require me to draw a completely custom title bar which is of course not ideal when all I want to do is change the background color. Is anyone aware of a better solution? Someone suggested hooking GetSysColor, but it is never called with an index of 2 (COLOR_ACTIVECAPTION) so the color is being retrieved from elsewhere.
Current title bar:
(source: pbrd.co)
End goal:
You can change window title bar color / behaviour with DWMAPI's DwmSetWindowAttribute function in Win32.
NOTE: Might require Windows SDK 10.0.22000.0 (aka first Windows 11 SDK) as DWMWA_USE_IMMERSIVE_DARK_MODE|DWMWA_BORDER_COLOR|DWMWA_CAPTION_COLOR were not documented in Windows SDK 10.0.19041.0 (latest Windows 10 SDK). People have got DWMWA_USE_IMMERSIVE_DARK_MODE working before the public documentation of the variable by simply using dwAttribute as 20 (or 19 if Windows was before Windows 10 20H1). Here is an example of Qt using it in their Windows platform integration by allowing application to use it by passing -platform windows:darkmode=1 flag when launching the application.
To enable immersive dark mode (available in Windows 10 / 11, but undocumented in Windows 10 SDK (can be used by setting value as dwAttribute as 20), value was 19 pre Windows 10 20H1 Update)
Immersive Dark Mode Enabled
Immersive Dark Mode Enabled Out of Focus
#include <dwmapi.h>
BOOL USE_DARK_MODE = true;
BOOL SET_IMMERSIVE_DARK_MODE_SUCCESS = SUCCEEDED(DwmSetWindowAttribute(
WINhWnd, DWMWINDOWATTRIBUTE::DWMWA_USE_IMMERSIVE_DARK_MODE,
&USE_DARK_MODE, sizeof(USE_DARK_MODE)));
To change border color (only in Windows 11 SDK)
Border Color set to 0x00FFFFFF
Border Color set to 0x00505050
#include <dwmapi.h>
COLORREF DARK_COLOR = 0x00505050;
BOOL SET_CAPTION_COLOR = SUCCEEDED(DwmSetWindowAttribute(
WINhWnd, DWMWINDOWATTRIBUTE::DWMWA_BORDER_COLOR,
&DARK_COLOR, sizeof(DARK_COLOR)));
To change caption color (only in Windows 11 SDK)
Caption Color set to 0x00FFFFFF
Caption Color set to 0x00505050
#include <dwmapi.h>
COLORREF DARK_COLOR = 0x00505050;
BOOL SET_CAPTION_COLOR = SUCCEEDED(DwmSetWindowAttribute(
WINhWnd, DWMWINDOWATTRIBUTE::DWMWA_CAPTION_COLOR,
&DARK_COLOR, sizeof(DARK_COLOR)));
The first thing I'm going to say is: You have been warned!
This is an awfully laborious task. It's a long way from easy and much time was spent reading the Wine sources (linux implementation of native win32 functionality)
Seeing this question brought back 'fond' (read: exasperating!) memories of my efforts to achieve the same result. The process is a somewhat convoluted one and foisters upon you a great many more responsibilities than simply painting the title-bar. (I've included about 500 lines of code)
Amongst other things, you need to handle window activation/inactivation, sizing, NC area buttons, application icon and title-text.
Using some (drawing) utility functions in other files I've not included, the following was achieved:
Both of which are modifications to this dialog:
With the assistance of these (color-keyed) images:
and some stretching/drawing (the image is divided into 9 pieces)
I note upon re-vising this code, that the borders are over-drawn by the client-area. I imagine, because I've not sized it correctly in response to the WM_NCCALCSIZE message. I also used another image which did indeed have borders of 8pixels wide, rather than the 14 that these two show. (You can see the commented-out code in response to the message I mentioned)
The idea is that first, we sub-class the standard dialog-box's WindowProc. In this subclassed handler, we tell the Desktop Window Manager to disable composition for our window, we setup a layered window (this is how the black one appears semi-transparent) and then finally, do the non-client drawing ourselves in response to a WM_NCPAINT message.
I'll also point out that for reasons that have long since escaped me, I wasn't especially satisfied with the functioning of the code.
With that said, here's some code to sink your teeth into:
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0501
#define UNICODE 1
#include <windows.h>
#include <commctrl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "resource.h"
#include "../graphics/graphics.h"
#include <dwmapi.h>
using namespace Gdiplus;
HINSTANCE hInst;
LRESULT CALLBACK DlgSubclassProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam, UINT_PTR uIdSubclass, DWORD_PTR dwRefData);
LRESULT onNcPaint(HWND hwnd, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
HBITMAP frameImg, frameRedImg, frameOrigImg;
int frameIndex = 0;
//HRESULT DwmEnableComposition(UINT uCompositionAction);
typedef HRESULT (WINAPI *pFnDwmEnableComposition)(UINT uCompAction);
typedef HRESULT (WINAPI *pFnDwmSetWindowAttribute)(HWND hwnd, DWORD dwAttribute, LPCVOID pvAttribute, DWORD cbAttribute);
#define WM_DMWNCRENDERINGCHANGED 0x31F
// wParam = 1 (fRenderingEnabled = true)
// wParam = 0 (fRenderingEnabled = false)
HRESULT EnableNcDwm(HWND hwnd, bool enable)
{
HMODULE dwmMod = LoadLibrary(L"dwmapi.dll");
if (dwmMod)
{
pFnDwmSetWindowAttribute DwmSetWindowAttribute;
DwmSetWindowAttribute = (pFnDwmSetWindowAttribute)GetProcAddress(dwmMod, "DwmSetWindowAttribute");
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
DWMNCRENDERINGPOLICY ncrp;
if (enable)
ncrp = DWMNCRP_ENABLED;
else
ncrp = DWMNCRP_DISABLED;
// Disable non-client area rendering on the window.
hr = DwmSetWindowAttribute(hwnd, DWMWA_NCRENDERING_POLICY, &ncrp, sizeof(ncrp));
FreeLibrary(dwmMod);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
{
return hr;
}
}
return S_FALSE;
}
/*
#define DWM_EC_DISABLECOMPOSITION 0
#define DWM_EC_ENABLECOMPOSITION 1
HRESULT EnableDWM(HWND hwnd, bool enable)
{
HMODULE dwmMod = LoadLibrary(L"dwmapi.dll");
pFnDwmEnableComposition DwmEnableComposition;
DwmEnableComposition = (pFnDwmEnableComposition)GetProcAddress(dwmMod, "DwmEnableComposition");
HRESULT hr = S_OK;
// Disable DWM Composition
if (enable)
hr = DwmEnableComposition(DWM_EC_ENABLECOMPOSITION);
else
hr = DwmEnableComposition(DWM_EC_DISABLECOMPOSITION);
FreeLibrary(dwmMod);
return hr;
}
*/
BOOL CALLBACK DlgMain(HWND hwndDlg, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
static bool isSubclassed = false;
switch(uMsg)
{
case WM_DMWNCRENDERINGCHANGED:
{
long dwEx = GetWindowLong(hwndDlg, GWL_EXSTYLE);
dwEx &= ~(WS_EX_LAYERED);
SetWindowLong(hwndDlg, GWL_EXSTYLE, dwEx);
InvalidateRect(hwndDlg, NULL, true);
UpdateWindow(hwndDlg);
MoveAnchorsImmediatelly(hwndDlg);
}
return 0;
// case WM_ERASEBKGND:
// {
// RECT rc;
// GetClientRect(hwndDlg, &rc);
// FillRect((HDC)wParam, &rc, (HBRUSH) COLOR_BACKGROUND);
// return 1;
// }
case WM_INITDIALOG:
{
mSetAnchorMode(GetDlgItem(hwndDlg, IDC_BUTTON1), ANCHOR_CENTER);
}
return TRUE;
case WM_SIZE:
{
//MoveAnchorsImmediatelly(hwndDlg);
DeferAnchorsMove(hwndDlg);
}
return TRUE;
case WM_CLOSE:
{
EndDialog(hwndDlg, 0);
}
return TRUE;
case WM_COMMAND:
{
switch(LOWORD(wParam))
{
case IDC_BUTTON1:
if (isSubclassed == false)
{
SetWindowSubclass( hwndDlg, DlgSubclassProc, 1, NULL);
EnableNcDwm(hwndDlg, false);
frameIndex++;
frameIndex &= 1; // make sure it can only be in range [0..1]
}
else
{
RemoveWindowSubclass( hwndDlg, DlgSubclassProc, 1);
EnableNcDwm(hwndDlg, true);
}
isSubclassed = !isSubclassed;
// InvalidateRect(hwndDlg, NULL, true);
// UpdateWindow(hwndDlg);
// MoveAnchorsImmediatelly(hwndDlg);
break;
}
}
return TRUE;
}
return FALSE;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK DlgSubclassProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam, UINT_PTR uIdSubclass, DWORD_PTR dwRefData)
{
static byte alpha = 255;
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_ENTERSIZEMOVE:
printf("WM_ENTERSIZEMOVE\n");
return 0;
break;
case WM_EXITSIZEMOVE:
printf("WM_EXITSIZEMOVE\n");
return 0;
break;
case WM_MOUSEWHEEL:
if (((SHORT)(HIWORD(wParam))) > 0)
{
if (alpha > 30)
alpha -= 5;
}
else if (alpha < 255)
alpha += 5;
SetLayeredWindowAttributes(hwnd, RGB(255,0,255), alpha, LWA_COLORKEY|LWA_ALPHA);
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
return 0;
case WM_DMWNCRENDERINGCHANGED:
{
// printf("WM_DMWNCRENDERINGCHANGED\n");
long dwEx = GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_EXSTYLE);
dwEx |= WS_EX_LAYERED;
SetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_EXSTYLE, dwEx);
SetLayeredWindowAttributes(hwnd, RGB(255,0,255), alpha, LWA_COLORKEY|LWA_ALPHA);
//MoveAnchorsImmediatelly(hwnd);
DeferAnchorsMove(hwnd);
InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, true);
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
// showWndRect(hwnd);
return 0;
}
break;
case WM_NCACTIVATE:
case WM_NCPAINT:
// printf("WM_NCPAINT -");
// printf("wParam: 0x%08d lParam 0x%08x\n", wParam, lParam);
onNcPaint(hwnd, wParam, lParam);
return 0;
case WM_NCCALCSIZE:
{
RECT *rc = (RECT*)lParam;
rc->left += 8; // frame image margin widths
rc->top += 30;
rc->right -= 8;
rc->bottom -= 8;
// rc->left += 14; // frame image margin widths
// rc->top += 39;
// rc->right -= 14;
// rc->bottom -= 14;
}
return (WVR_HREDRAW | WVR_VREDRAW);
case WM_NCHITTEST:
{
POINT mousePos, rawMousePos;
RECT clientRect, windowRect;
mousePos.x = LOWORD(lParam);
mousePos.y = HIWORD(lParam);
rawMousePos = mousePos;
GetClientRect(hwnd, &clientRect);
GetWindowRect(hwnd, &windowRect);
ScreenToClient(hwnd, &mousePos);
if ((mousePos.x < clientRect.left) && (rawMousePos.y < windowRect.top+8))
return HTTOPLEFT;
if ((mousePos.x > clientRect.right) && (rawMousePos.y < windowRect.top+8))
return HTTOPRIGHT;
if ( (mousePos.x < clientRect.left) && (mousePos.y > clientRect.bottom))
return HTBOTTOMLEFT;
if ( (mousePos.x > clientRect.right) && (mousePos.y > clientRect.bottom))
return HTBOTTOMRIGHT;
if (rawMousePos.x < windowRect.left+11)
return HTLEFT;
if (rawMousePos.x > windowRect.right-11)
return HTRIGHT;
if (mousePos.y > clientRect.bottom)
return HTBOTTOM;
RECT closeRect;
SetRect(&closeRect, windowRect.left + 15, windowRect.top+7, windowRect.left+15+16, windowRect.top+25);
if (PtInRect(&closeRect, rawMousePos))
{
// printf("over sys menu (appIcon) - %d,%d\n", mousePos.x, mousePos.y);
return HTSYSMENU;
}
if (rawMousePos.y < windowRect.top+8)
return HTTOP;
if (mousePos.y < 0)
return HTCAPTION;
else
return HTCLIENT;
}
}
return DefSubclassProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
// return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
LRESULT onNcPaint(HWND hwnd, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
// draw Frame
// HBRUSH mBrush = CreateSolidBrush( RGB(0,113,201) );
HDC hdc = GetWindowDC(hwnd);
// HDC hdc = GetDCEx(hwnd, (HRGN)wParam, DCX_WINDOW);//|DCX_INTERSECTRGN);
RECT mRect, wndRect;
GetWindowRect(hwnd, &mRect);
wndRect = mRect;
mRect.right -= mRect.left;
mRect.bottom -= mRect.top;
mRect.left = 0;
mRect.top = 0;
HDC memDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc);
HBITMAP old, memBmp;
old = (HBITMAP)GetCurrentObject(memDC, OBJ_BITMAP);
memBmp = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdc, mRect.right, mRect.bottom);
//memBmp = zCreateDibSection(hdc, mRect.right, mRect.bottom, 24);
SelectObject(memDC, memBmp);
//StretchNineDraw(HDC destDC, RECT destRect, HBITMAP srcImage, RECT srcRect,
// int marginLeft, int marginTop, int marginRight, int marginBottom, int alpha);
if (frameIndex == 0)
// StretchNineDraw(memDC, mRect, frameImg, (RECT){0,0,33,58}, 16,41,16,16, 255);
StretchNineDrawNoAlpha(memDC, mRect, frameImg, (RECT){0,0,33,58}, 16,41,16,16);
else
StretchNineDraw(memDC, mRect, frameRedImg, (RECT){0,0,33,58}, 16,41,16,16, 255);
// StretchNineDrawNoAlpha(memDC, mRect, frameRedImg, (RECT){0,0,33,58}, 16,41,16,16);
// StretchNineDrawNoAlpha(memDC, mRect, frameOrigImg, (RECT){0,0,17,39}, 8,30,8,8);
//1111drawImgNineSquareStretching(memDC, mRect, frameImg, (RECT){0,0,33,58}, 16,41,16,16);
//void StretchNineDrawNoAlpha(HDC destDC, RECT destRect, HBITMAP srcImage, RECT srcRect,
// int marginLeft, int marginTop, int marginRight, int marginBottom)
// draw icon
HICON smallIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
DrawIconEx(memDC, 15, 9, smallIcon, 16, 16, 0,0, DI_NORMAL );
// draw window text
wchar_t wndText[100];
RECT textRect;
textRect.left = 9 + 16 + 9;
textRect.top = 0;
textRect.right = 1000;
textRect.bottom = 32;
GetWindowText(hwnd, wndText, 99);
//int oldMode = SetBkMode(hdc, TRANSPARENT);
//int oldMode = SetBkMode(memDC, TRANSPARENT);
SetBkMode(memDC, TRANSPARENT);
HFONT oldFont, hfont0 = CreateFont(-13, 0, 0, 0, 0, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, (L"Ms Shell Dlg"));
oldFont = (HFONT)SelectObject(memDC, hfont0);
DrawText(memDC, wndText, -1, &textRect, DT_VCENTER|DT_SINGLELINE|DT_LEFT);
SelectObject(memDC, oldFont);
DeleteObject(hfont0);
// top slice
BitBlt(hdc, 0,0, mRect.right,41, memDC, 0,0, SRCCOPY);
// left edge
BitBlt(hdc, 0, mRect.top + 41, 16, mRect.bottom - (41+16),
memDC, 0, mRect.top + 41, SRCCOPY);
// right edge
BitBlt(hdc, mRect.right-16, mRect.top + 41, 16, mRect.bottom - (41+16),
memDC, mRect.right-16, mRect.top + 41, SRCCOPY);
// bottom slice
BitBlt(hdc, 0,mRect.bottom-16, mRect.right,16, memDC, 0,mRect.bottom-16, SRCCOPY);
// BitBlt(hdc, 0,0, mRect.right,mRect.bottom, memDC, 0,0, SRCCOPY);
ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);
SelectObject(memDC, old);
DeleteDC(memDC);
DeleteObject(memBmp);
// ValidateRgn(hwnd, (HRGN)wParam);
return 0;
}
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd)
{
GdiplusStartupInput gdiplusStartupInput;
ULONG_PTR gdiplusToken;
GdiplusStartup(&gdiplusToken, &gdiplusStartupInput, NULL);
frameImg = mLoadImageFile(L"frame.png");
frameRedImg = mLoadImageFile(L"frameRed.png");
frameOrigImg = mLoadImageFile(L"frameOrig.png");
hInst=hInstance;
InitCommonControls();
int result = DialogBox(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(DLG_MAIN), NULL, (DLGPROC)DlgMain);
GdiplusShutdown(gdiplusToken);
return result;
}
Find below the functions that:
- Load a png file (uses GDI+)
- stretch draw this image onto the borders
/* BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG, TIFF, Exif, WMF, and EMF */
HBITMAP mLoadImageFile(wchar_t *filename)
{
HBITMAP result = NULL;
Bitmap bitmap(filename, false);
bitmap.GetHBITMAP(0, &result);
return result;
}
void GetRectSize(LPRECT tgt, int *width, int *height)
{
*width = (tgt->right - tgt->left) + 1;
*height = (tgt->bottom - tgt->top) + 1;
}
BOOL SetRectSizePos(LPRECT tgt, int xPos, int yPos, int width, int height)
{
return SetRect(tgt, xPos, yPos, xPos+(width-1), yPos+(height-1));
}
BOOL MoveRect(LPRECT tgt, int newX, int newY)
{
int width, height;
GetRectSize(tgt, &width, &height);
return SetRectSizePos(tgt, newX,newY, width,height);
}
// ****** marginLeft = 6
// ....|....|.... *
// ..tL.|.tM.|.tR.. *
// ---------------- * marginTop = 3
// ..mL.|.mM.|.mR..
// ---------------- * marginBottom = 3
// ..bL.|.bM.|.bR.. *
// ....|....|.... *
// ****** marginRight = 6
void CalcNineRects(LPRECT srcRect, RECT *dest, int marginLeft, int marginTop, int marginRight, int marginBottom)
{
int srcWidth, srcHeight;
int leftWidth, midWidth, rightWidth;
int topHeight, midHeight, botHeight;
int xOrig, yOrig;
GetRectSize(srcRect, &srcWidth, &srcHeight);
xOrig = srcRect->left;
yOrig = srcRect->top;
leftWidth = marginLeft;
midWidth = srcWidth - (marginLeft + marginRight) - 1;
rightWidth = marginRight;
topHeight = marginTop;
midHeight = srcHeight - (marginTop + marginBottom) - 1;
botHeight = marginBottom;
SetRectSizePos(&dest[0], xOrig, yOrig, leftWidth, topHeight);
SetRectSizePos(&dest[1], xOrig+(leftWidth), yOrig, midWidth, topHeight);
SetRectSizePos(&dest[2], xOrig+(leftWidth+midWidth), yOrig, rightWidth, topHeight);
SetRectSizePos(&dest[3], xOrig, yOrig+(topHeight), leftWidth, midHeight);
SetRectSizePos(&dest[4], xOrig+(leftWidth), yOrig+(topHeight), midWidth, midHeight);
SetRectSizePos(&dest[5], xOrig+(leftWidth+midWidth), yOrig+(topHeight), rightWidth, midHeight);
SetRectSizePos(&dest[6], xOrig,yOrig+(topHeight+midHeight), leftWidth, botHeight);
SetRectSizePos(&dest[7], xOrig+(leftWidth), yOrig+(topHeight+midHeight), midWidth, botHeight);
SetRectSizePos(&dest[8], xOrig+(leftWidth+midWidth), yOrig+(topHeight+midHeight), rightWidth, botHeight);
}
void StretchNineDraw(HDC destDC, RECT destRect, HBITMAP srcImage, RECT srcRect,
int marginLeft, int marginTop, int marginRight, int marginBottom,int alpha)
{
RECT destRectList[9], srcRectList[9];
int i;
int curSrcWidth, curSrcHeight, curDestWidth, curDestHeight;
HDC srcDC;
HBITMAP oldSrcBmp;
srcDC = CreateCompatibleDC(destDC);
// GetCurrentObject(srcDC, OBJ_BITMAP);
oldSrcBmp = (HBITMAP) SelectObject(srcDC, srcImage);
BLENDFUNCTION bf = {AC_SRC_OVER,0,alpha,AC_SRC_ALPHA};
int destHeight, destWidth;
GetRectSize(&destRect, &destWidth, &destHeight);
CalcNineRects(&srcRect, srcRectList, marginLeft, marginTop, marginRight, marginBottom);
CalcNineRects(&destRect, destRectList, marginLeft, marginTop, marginRight, marginBottom);
// printf("dst rect: %d,%d - %d,%d -- \n", destRect.left, destRect.top, destRect.right,destRect.bottom);
for (i=0; i<9; i++)
{
GetRectSize(&srcRectList[i], &curSrcWidth, &curSrcHeight);
GetRectSize(&destRectList[i], &curDestWidth, &curDestHeight);
AlphaBlend( destDC,
destRectList[i].left, destRectList[i].top,
curDestWidth, curDestHeight,
srcDC,
srcRectList[i].left, srcRectList[i].top,
curSrcWidth, curSrcHeight,
bf
);
}
SelectObject(srcDC, oldSrcBmp);
DeleteDC(srcDC);
}
Finally, the code for anchoring controls to the window (automatically recalculate their position when the window is re-sized)
typedef struct ANCHORPROPERTY
{
long anchorType;
RECT rc;
} *pANCHORPROPERTY;
#define ANCHOR_NONE 0
#define ANCHOR_WIDTH 1
#define ANCHOR_RIGHT 2
#define ANCHOR_CENTER_HORZ 3
#define ANCHOR_HEIGHT 4
#define ANCHOR_HEIGHT_WIDTH 5
#define ANCHOR_HEIGHT_RIGHT 6
#define ANCHOR_BOTTOM 7
#define ANCHOR_BOTTOM_WIDTH 8
#define ANCHOR_BOTTOM_RIGHT 9
#define ANCHOR_CENTER_HORZ_BOTTOM 10
#define ANCHOR_CENTER_VERT 11
#define ANCHOR_CENTER_VERT_RIGHT 12
#define ANCHOR_CENTER 13
pANCHORPROPERTY getWndAnchor(HWND hwnd);
bool removeAnchor(HWND hwnd);
bool mSetAnchorMode(HWND hwnd, long anchorMode);
BOOL CALLBACK AnchorEnum(HWND hwnd, LPARAM lParam);
void MoveAnchorsImmediatelly(HWND controlParent);
void DeferAnchorsMove(HWND controlParent);
long getChildCount(HWND controlParent);
pANCHORPROPERTY getWndAnchor(HWND hwnd)
{
return (pANCHORPROPERTY)GetProp(hwnd, L"anchor");
}
bool removeAnchor(HWND hwnd)
{
pANCHORPROPERTY pAnchor;
if (GetProp(hwnd, L"anchor") != NULL)
{
pAnchor = (pANCHORPROPERTY)RemoveProp(hwnd, L"anchor");
delete pAnchor;
}
return false;
}
bool mSetAnchorMode(HWND hwnd, long anchorMode)
{
bool result = false;
RECT rc, pr;
POINT p;
if (IsWindow(hwnd))
{
pANCHORPROPERTY pAnchor;
pAnchor = getWndAnchor(hwnd);
if (pAnchor == NULL)
{
pAnchor = new ANCHORPROPERTY;
SetProp(hwnd, L"anchor", pAnchor);
}
GetWindowRect(hwnd, &rc);
p.x = rc.left;
p.y = rc.top;
ScreenToClient( GetParent(hwnd), &p);
GetClientRect( GetParent(hwnd), &pr);
// printf("pos: %d,%d\n", p.x, p.y);
pAnchor->anchorType = mmin( mmax(anchorMode, ANCHOR_NONE), ANCHOR_CENTER);
pAnchor->rc.left = p.x;
pAnchor->rc.top = p.y;
pAnchor->rc.right = pr.right - (rc.right-rc.left + p.x);
pAnchor->rc.bottom = pr.bottom - (rc.bottom - rc.top + p.y);
result = true;
}
return result;
}
BOOL CALLBACK AnchorEnum(HWND hwnd, LPARAM lParam)
{
RECT pr, rc;
long x,y,xW,yH;
pANCHORPROPERTY pAnchor;
pAnchor = (pANCHORPROPERTY)GetProp(hwnd, L"anchor");
if (pAnchor != NULL)
{
if (pAnchor->anchorType != ANCHOR_NONE)
{
// printf("child enumerated - %d\n", pAnchor->anchorType);
RECT client, wnd;
GetClientRect(hwnd, &client);
GetWindowRect(hwnd, &wnd);
// printf("WndRect: %d x %d", (wnd.right-wnd.left) + 1, (wnd.bottom-wnd.top)+1);
// printf("client: %d x %d", client.right-client.left+1, client.bottom-client.top+1 );
int wW, wH, cW,cH;
wW = (wnd.right-wnd.left) + 1;
wH = (wnd.bottom-wnd.top) + 1;
cW = (client.right-client.left) + 1;
cH = (client.bottom-client.top) + 1;
GetClientRect(hwnd, &rc);
GetClientRect(GetParent(hwnd), &pr);
switch (pAnchor->anchorType)
{
case ANCHOR_WIDTH:
x = pAnchor->rc.left;
y = pAnchor->rc.top;
xW = mmax(pr.right - pAnchor->rc.left - pAnchor->rc.right, 0);
yH = rc.bottom;
break;
case ANCHOR_RIGHT: // = 2
x = (pr.right - rc.right - pAnchor->rc.right) - (wW-cW);
y = pAnchor->rc.top;
xW = rc.right + (wW-cW);
yH = rc.bottom + (wH-cH);
// printf("xPos, yPos: %d, %d - Size: %d x %d\n", x,y,xW,yH);
break;
case ANCHOR_CENTER_HORZ: // = 3
x = (pr.right - rc.right) / 2;
y = pAnchor->rc.top;
xW = rc.right;
yH = rc.bottom;
break;
case ANCHOR_HEIGHT: // = 4
x = pAnchor->rc.left;
y = pAnchor->rc.top;
xW = rc.right;
yH = mmax(pr.bottom - pAnchor->rc.top - pAnchor->rc.bottom, 0);
break;
case ANCHOR_HEIGHT_WIDTH: // = 5
x = pAnchor->rc.left;
y = pAnchor->rc.top;
xW = mmax(pr.right - pAnchor->rc.left - pAnchor->rc.right, 0);
yH = mmax(pr.bottom - pAnchor->rc.top - pAnchor->rc.bottom, 0);
break;
case ANCHOR_HEIGHT_RIGHT: // = 6
x = pr.right - rc.right - pAnchor->rc.right;
y = pAnchor->rc.top;
xW = rc.right;
yH = mmax(pr.bottom - pAnchor->rc.top - pAnchor->rc.bottom, 0);
break;
case ANCHOR_BOTTOM: // = 7
x = pAnchor->rc.left;
y = pr.bottom - pAnchor->rc.bottom - rc.bottom;
xW = rc.right;
yH = rc.bottom;
break;
case ANCHOR_BOTTOM_WIDTH: // = 8
x = pAnchor->rc.left;
y = pr.bottom - pAnchor->rc.bottom - rc.bottom;
xW = mmax(pr.right - pAnchor->rc.left - pAnchor->rc.right, 0);
yH = rc.bottom;
break;
case ANCHOR_BOTTOM_RIGHT: // = 9
x = pr.right - rc.right - pAnchor->rc.right;
y = pr.bottom - pAnchor->rc.bottom - rc.bottom;
xW = rc.right;
yH = rc.bottom;
break;
case ANCHOR_CENTER_HORZ_BOTTOM: // = 10
x = (pr.right - rc.right) / 2;
y = pr.bottom - pAnchor->rc.bottom - rc.bottom;
xW = rc.right;
yH = rc.bottom;
break;
case ANCHOR_CENTER_VERT: // = 11
x = pAnchor->rc.left;
y = (pr.bottom - rc.bottom) / 2;
xW = rc.right;
yH = rc.bottom;
break;
case ANCHOR_CENTER_VERT_RIGHT: // = 12
x = pr.right - rc.right - pAnchor->rc.right;
y = (pr.bottom - rc.bottom) / 2;
xW = rc.right;
yH = rc.bottom;
break;
case ANCHOR_CENTER: // = 13
x = (pr.right - rc.right) / 2;
y = (pr.bottom - rc.bottom) / 2;
xW = rc.right;
yH = rc.bottom;
break;
}
if (lParam == 0)
SetWindowPos(hwnd,0, x,y, xW,yH, SWP_NOZORDER|SWP_NOCOPYBITS);
else
DeferWindowPos((HDWP)lParam, hwnd, 0, x,y, xW,yH, SWP_NOZORDER|SWP_NOCOPYBITS);
}
}
return true;
}
void MoveAnchorsImmediatelly(HWND controlParent)
{
EnumChildWindows(controlParent, AnchorEnum, 0);
}
BOOL CALLBACK CountEnum(HWND hwnd, LPARAM lParam)
{
long *pCount = (long*)lParam;
++(*pCount);
return true;
}
long getChildCount(HWND controlParent)
{
long curCount = 0;
EnumChildWindows(controlParent, CountEnum, (LPARAM)&curCount);
// printf("Child count: %d\n", curCount);
return curCount;
}
void DeferAnchorsMove(HWND controlParent)
{
HDWP deferMoveHandle;
int childCount = getChildCount(controlParent);
deferMoveHandle = BeginDeferWindowPos(childCount);
EnumChildWindows(controlParent, AnchorEnum, (LPARAM)deferMoveHandle);
EndDeferWindowPos(deferMoveHandle);
}
You may try to create a window without a frame; i found reference here:
opening a window that has no title bar with win32
and then make your own title bar inside your application, in the color you like (located at the top of the window starting from the visible part).
I'm trying to load individual cards from a spritesheet of cards based on suit and rank but I'm unsure of how to construct a new Bitmap object from cutting out Rectangle coordinates in the source image. I'm using <windows.h> currently and trying to find a simple way to accomplish this. I'm looking for something like this:
HBITMAP* twoOfHearts = CutOutFromImage(sourceImage, new Rectangle(0, 0, 76, 116));
From source: http://i.stack.imgur.com/WZ9Od.gif
Here's a function I played with the other week for more-or-less this same task. In my case, I wanted to return a HBRUSH that could be used with FillRect. In that instance, we still need to create a bitmap of the area of interest, before then going on to create a brush from it.
In your case, just return the dstBmp instead. spriteSheet is a global that has had a 256x256 spritesheet loaded. I've hardcoded the size of my sprites to 16x16, you'd need to change that to something like 81x117.
Here's some code that grabs a copy of the required area and some more that uses these 'stamps' to draw a level map. That said - there are all kinds of problems with this approach. Speed is one, excessive work is another one that impacts on the first. Finally, scrolling a window drawn like this produces artefacts.
// grabs a 16x16px section from the spriteSheet HBITMAP
HBRUSH getSpriteBrush(int col, int row)
{
HDC memDC, dstDC, curDC;
HBITMAP oldMemBmp, oldDstBmp, dstBmp;
curDC = GetDC(HWND_DESKTOP);
memDC = CreateCompatibleDC(NULL);
dstDC = CreateCompatibleDC(NULL);
dstBmp = CreateCompatibleBitmap(curDC, 16, 16);
int xOfs, yOfs;
xOfs = 16 * col;
yOfs = 16 * row;
oldMemBmp = (HBITMAP)SelectObject(memDC, spriteSheet);
oldDstBmp = (HBITMAP)SelectObject(dstDC, dstBmp);
BitBlt(dstDC,0,0,16,16, memDC, xOfs,yOfs, SRCCOPY);
SelectObject(memDC, oldMemBmp);
SelectObject(dstDC, oldDstBmp);
ReleaseDC(HWND_DESKTOP, curDC);
DeleteDC(memDC);
DeleteDC(dstDC);
HBRUSH result;
result = CreatePatternBrush(dstBmp);
DeleteObject(dstBmp);
return result;
}
void drawCompoundSprite(int x, int y, HDC paintDC, char *tileIndexes, int numCols, int numRows)
{
int mapCol, mapRow;
HBRUSH curSprite;
RECT curDstRect;
for (mapRow=0; mapRow<numRows; mapRow++)
{
for (mapCol=0; mapCol<numCols; mapCol++)
{
int curSpriteIndex = tileIndexes[mapRow*numCols + mapCol];
int spriteX, spriteY;
spriteX = curSpriteIndex % 16;
spriteY = curSpriteIndex / 16;
curDstRect.left = x + 16*mapCol;
curDstRect.top = y + 16 * mapRow;
curDstRect.right = curDstRect.left + 16;
curDstRect.bottom = curDstRect.top + 16;
curSprite = getSpriteBrush(spriteX, spriteY);
FillRect(paintDC, &curDstRect, curSprite);
DeleteObject(curSprite);
}
}
}
The latter function has since been replaced with the following:
void drawCompoundSpriteFast(int x, int y, HDC paintDC, unsigned char *tileIndexes, int numCols, int numRows, pMapInternalData mData)
{
int mapCol, mapRow;
HBRUSH curSprite;
RECT curDstRect;
HDC memDC;
HBITMAP oldBmp;
memDC = CreateCompatibleDC(NULL);
oldBmp = (HBITMAP)SelectObject(memDC, mData->spriteSheet);
for (mapRow=0; mapRow<numRows; mapRow++)
{
for (mapCol=0; mapCol<numCols; mapCol++)
{
int curSpriteIndex = tileIndexes[mapRow*numCols + mapCol];
int spriteX, spriteY;
spriteX = curSpriteIndex % mData->tileWidth;
spriteY = curSpriteIndex / mData->tileHeight
// Draw sprite as-is
// BitBlt(paintDC, x+16*mapCol, y+16*mapRow,
// mData->tileWidth, mData->tileHeight,
// memDC,
// spriteX * 16, spriteY*16,
// SRCCOPY);
// Draw sprite with magenta rgb(255,0,255) areas treated as transparent (empty)
TransparentBlt(
paintDC,
x+mData->tileWidth*mapCol, y+mData->tileHeight*mapRow,
mData->tileWidth, mData->tileHeight,
memDC,
spriteX * mData->tileWidth, spriteY*mData->tileHeight,
mData->tileWidth, mData->tileHeight,
RGB(255,0,255)
);
}
}
SelectObject(memDC, oldBmp);
DeleteObject(memDC);
}
I am in the process of implementing scrolling in a custom edit control that I have been working on. What I was wondering was, is it essential to use ScrollWindowEx/ScrollWindow/ScrollDC to implement scrolling? I see that ScrollWindowEx just scrolls the paint area. All that is fine, but since my edit control implements double buffering, I'd have to update my BitBlt as well. That is a trivial thing, but I was wondering if it is essential. If I use only SetScrollInfo, that would also have the same effect. The only advantage that I see here is that when a user scrolls up or down, there would already be some text over there(because ScrollWindowEx shifts the target client area) and I wouldn't have to bother aobut repainting. Is there any other advantage, or reason why ScrollWindowEx is used? I am new to scrolling in win32, and this is actually the first time I've had to do all the processing on my own instead of the api doing it for me, so I really don't know how to go about this.
P.S.
Just to be clear, I'm not using MFC. Only Win32 api.
Programming Language : unmanaged C++
You can implement scrolling any way you want.
ScrollWindow etc will scroll the relevant part of the client area and invalidate the part that then needs repainting.
In general this is an efficient and simple way to handle scrolling, so obviously it's popular. But if you can show that in your case you can achieve the same result more efficiently, go for it.
An example for comparison can be found in ScrollCall.
Also, there's an interesting example in C of using ScrollDC to scroll a screen here
In that example, lprcScroll and lprcClip refer to the same RECT, which delineates the painted output rectangle from the scrolling.
The painted output from ScrollDC can be handled by a routine in WM_PAINT, so long as the call is followed by InvalidateRect. However, unlike ScrollWindow(Ex), ScrollDC doesn't care about any owned/child/parent/sibling windows which may be overlaid in the DC, it is more suited to images or text in single controls. For scrolling a large DC, be sure to use lprcScroll and lprcClip to avoid scrolling areas of the DC which are not visible.
As mentioned, ScrollWindoW(Ex) is the preferred choice, especially for windows with mixed control content.
Included for further illustration is an amazingly venerable implementation of all the three functions copied from here:
* Scroll windows and DCs
*
* Copyright David W. Metcalfe, 1993
*
*/
static char Copyright[] = "Copyright David W. Metcalfe, 1993";
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "windows.h"
#include "gdi.h"
#include "stddebug.h"
/* #define DEBUG_SCROLL /* */
/* #undef DEBUG_SCROLL /* */
#include "debug.h"
static int RgnType;
/*************************************************************************
* ScrollWindow (USER.61)
*/
void ScrollWindow(HWND hwnd, short dx, short dy, LPRECT rect, LPRECT clipRect)
{
HDC hdc;
HRGN hrgnUpdate;
RECT rc, cliprc;
dprintf_scroll(stddeb,"ScrollWindow: dx=%d, dy=%d, rect=%d,%d,%d,%d\n",
dx, dy, rect->left, rect->top, rect->right, rect->bottom);
hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
if (rect == NULL)
GetClientRect(hwnd, &rc);
else
CopyRect(&rc, rect);
if (clipRect == NULL)
GetClientRect(hwnd, &cliprc);
else
CopyRect(&cliprc, clipRect);
hrgnUpdate = CreateRectRgn(0, 0, 0, 0);
ScrollDC(hdc, dx, dy, &rc, &cliprc, hrgnUpdate, NULL);
InvalidateRgn(hwnd, hrgnUpdate, TRUE);
ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);
}
/*************************************************************************
* ScrollDC (USER.221)
*/
BOOL ScrollDC(HDC hdc, short dx, short dy, LPRECT rc, LPRECT cliprc,
HRGN hrgnUpdate, LPRECT rcUpdate)
{
HRGN hrgnClip, hrgn1, hrgn2;
POINT src, dest;
short width, height;
DC *dc = (DC *)GDI_GetObjPtr(hdc, DC_MAGIC);
dprintf_scroll(stddeb, "ScrollDC: dx=%d, dy=%d, rc=%d,%d,%d,%d\n", dx, dy,
rc->left, rc->top, rc->right, rc->bottom);
if (rc == NULL)
return FALSE;
if (cliprc)
{
hrgnClip = CreateRectRgnIndirect(cliprc);
SelectClipRgn(hdc, hrgnClip);
}
if (dx > 0)
{
src.x = XDPTOLP(dc, rc->left);
dest.x = XDPTOLP(dc, rc->left + abs(dx));
}
else
{
src.x = XDPTOLP(dc, rc->left + abs(dx));
dest.x = XDPTOLP(dc, rc->left);
}
if (dy > 0)
{
src.y = YDPTOLP(dc, rc->top);
dest.y = YDPTOLP(dc, rc->top + abs(dy));
}
else
{
src.y = YDPTOLP(dc, rc->top + abs(dy));
dest.y = YDPTOLP(dc, rc->top);
}
width = rc->right - rc->left - abs(dx);
height = rc->bottom - rc->top - abs(dy);
if (!BitBlt(hdc, dest.x, dest.y, width, height, hdc, src.x, src.y,
SRCCOPY))
return FALSE;
if (hrgnUpdate)
{
if (dx > 0)
hrgn1 = CreateRectRgn(rc->left, rc->top, rc->left+dx, rc->bottom);
else if (dx < 0)
hrgn1 = CreateRectRgn(rc->right+dx, rc->top, rc->right,
rc->bottom);
else
hrgn1 = CreateRectRgn(0, 0, 0, 0);
if (dy > 0)
hrgn2 = CreateRectRgn(rc->left, rc->top, rc->right, rc->top+dy);
else if (dy < 0)
hrgn2 = CreateRectRgn(rc->left, rc->bottom+dy, rc->right,
rc->bottom);
else
hrgn2 = CreateRectRgn(0, 0, 0, 0);
RgnType = CombineRgn(hrgnUpdate, hrgn1, hrgn2, RGN_OR);
}
if (rcUpdate) GetRgnBox( hrgnUpdate, rcUpdate );
return TRUE;
}
/*************************************************************************
* ScrollWindowEx (USER.319)
*/
int ScrollWindowEx(HWND hwnd, short dx, short dy, LPRECT rect, LPRECT clipRect,
HRGN hrgnUpdate, LPRECT rcUpdate, WORD flags)
{
HDC hdc;
RECT rc, cliprc;
dprintf_scroll(stddeb,"ScrollWindowEx: dx=%d, dy=%d, rect=%d,%d,%d,%d\n",
dx, dy, rect->left, rect->top, rect->right, rect->bottom);
hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
if (rect == NULL)
GetClientRect(hwnd, &rc);
else
CopyRect(&rc, rect);
if (clipRect == NULL)
GetClientRect(hwnd, &cliprc);
else
CopyRect(&cliprc, clipRect);
ScrollDC(hdc, dx, dy, &rc, &cliprc, hrgnUpdate, rcUpdate);
if (flags | SW_INVALIDATE)
{
RedrawWindow(hwnd, NULL, hrgnUpdate,
RDW_INVALIDATE | ((flags & SW_ERASE) ? RDW_ERASENOW : 0));
}
ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);
return RgnType;
}