C++: Hbitmap/BITMAP into .bmp file [duplicate] - c++

Question

This question already has answers here:
Save HBITMAP to *.bmp file using only Win32
(5 answers)
Closed 8 years ago.
Ok, whole story is, I am trying to use Leptonica+Tesseract OCR in C++ to take a screenshot, save it to a *.bmp file, then load it back up to OCR with it. I won't need to do this frequently, but as I cannot seem to copy the screenshot data directly into a Leptonica PIX structure, I need to save it to a file first..actually a solution to this would be preferably.
Here's some code I've found online, trying to help me out.
Screen cap:
HBITMAP ScreenCapture(){
int width=100;
int height=100;
// get the device context of the screen
HDC hScreenDC = CreateDC(L"DISPLAY", NULL, NULL, NULL);
// and a device context to put it in
HDC hMemoryDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hScreenDC);
int x = GetDeviceCaps(hScreenDC, HORZRES);
int y = GetDeviceCaps(hScreenDC, VERTRES);
// maybe worth checking these are positive values
HBITMAP hBitmap = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hScreenDC, x, y);
// get a new bitmap
HBITMAP hOldBitmap = (HBITMAP)SelectObject(hMemoryDC, hBitmap);
BitBlt(hMemoryDC, 0, 0, width, height, hScreenDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
hBitmap = (HBITMAP)SelectObject(hMemoryDC, hOldBitmap);
//GlobalAlloc(GPTR, hBitmap)
WriteDIB(L"test.bmp", (HGLOBAL)hBitmap);
// clean up
DeleteDC(hMemoryDC);
DeleteDC(hScreenDC);
return hBitmap;
// now your image is held in hBitmap. You can save it or do whatever with it
}
Attempt to write function:
BOOL WriteDIB( LPTSTR szFile, HANDLE hDIB)
{
cout<<endl<<"Running save function";
/*HANDLE hDIB=GlobalAlloc(GPTR, sizeof(hDIBtochange));//this doesn't work, the result is four. Also the HANDLE parameter's name would be changed to hDIBtochange, so that the rest of the function uses the old 'hDIB' throughout
cout<<endl<<sizeof(hDIBtochange);*/
BITMAPFILEHEADER hdr;
LPBITMAPINFOHEADER lpbi;
if (!hDIB)
return FALSE;
CFile file;
if( !file.Open( szFile, CFile::modeWrite|CFile::modeCreate) )
return FALSE;
lpbi = (LPBITMAPINFOHEADER)hDIB;
int nColors = 1 << lpbi->biBitCount;
// Fill in the fields of the file header
hdr.bfType = ((WORD) ('M' << 8) | 'B'); // is always "BM"
hdr.bfSize = GlobalSize (hDIB) + sizeof( hdr );
hdr.bfReserved1 = 0;
hdr.bfReserved2 = 0;
hdr.bfOffBits = (DWORD) (sizeof( hdr ) + lpbi->biSize + nColors * sizeof(RGBQUAD));
// Write the file header
file.Write( &hdr, sizeof(hdr) );
// Write the DIB header and the bits
file.Write( lpbi, GlobalSize(hDIB) );
return TRUE;
}
Shamelessly copied from people's posts over the years.
Ok! Problem I face is, I cannot seem to understand how to GlobalAlloc the Hbitmap into a globally accessible Handle, that can be converted or use with LPBITMAPINFOHEADER.
Soon as lpbi is created, every single field inside of it is "Unable to read memory" error in Visual Studio 2012 debugging. It's inaccessible, despite being created.
Solutions..
Go straight from screencap to PIX, inside of memory..
Find a way to save to bitmap and create them periodically to read..
Find another way entirely that makes more sense..
Preferring first, but, I'm asking for a solution in this, to the second one..or third.
If you need more info I can try to provide it. This mostly boils down to "I've never done code like this before and it wasn't taught in my classes so I'm trying to learn as I go".

Answer 1

A much easier way to save an HBITMAP to file is to make use of GDI+.
This gives you the advantage of being able to save to any format that windows supports natively, while freeing you from the muck of playing around with or even needing to understand, various image formats.
In the below example, I've just used LoadImage as a quik and dirty way of loading a pre-existing image - you could simply use the HBITMAP you've already captured.
Here's an example that loads a bitmap and saves it again. (I had initially used "image/png" as the output type, along with an appropriate output filename)
#include <windows.h>
#include <gdiplus.h>
using namespace Gdiplus;
int GetEncoderClsid(const WCHAR* format, CLSID* pClsid)
{
UINT num = 0; // number of image encoders
UINT size = 0; // size of the image encoder array in bytes
ImageCodecInfo* pImageCodecInfo = NULL;
GetImageEncodersSize(&num, &size);
if(size == 0)
return -1; // Failure
pImageCodecInfo = (ImageCodecInfo*)(malloc(size));
if(pImageCodecInfo == NULL)
return -1; // Failure
GetImageEncoders(num, size, pImageCodecInfo);
for(UINT j = 0; j < num; ++j)
{
if( wcscmp(pImageCodecInfo[j].MimeType, format) == 0 )
{
*pClsid = pImageCodecInfo[j].Clsid;
free(pImageCodecInfo);
return j; // Success
}
}
free(pImageCodecInfo);
return -1; // Failure
}
int main()
{
GdiplusStartupInput gdiplusStartupInput;
ULONG_PTR gdiplusToken;
GdiplusStartup(&gdiplusToken, &gdiplusStartupInput, NULL);
HBITMAP hBitmap = (HBITMAP)LoadImage(GetModuleHandle(NULL), "babe.bmp", IMAGE_BITMAP, 0,0, LR_LOADFROMFILE);
Bitmap *image = new Bitmap(hBitmap, NULL);
CLSID myClsId;
int retVal = GetEncoderClsid(L"image/bmp", &myClsId);
image->Save(L"output.bmp", &myClsId, NULL);
delete image;
GdiplusShutdown(gdiplusToken);
return 0;
}

Answer 2

I recently had to do the same thing you are doing and successfully used GlobalAlloc.
The basis of this code is from This MSDN Article.
It looks like you Got your example code from here.
MSDN is really reliable for win32 operations, definitely prefer it over other sites in my experaince.
What seems to be happening is that the sizeof(hDIBtochange) is returning 4, so you are only allocating 4 bytes of memory. which would not be enough to hold a pbi structure.
Here is my code with a GlobalAlloc which hopefully will show the correct usage.
void
WriteBmpTofile(const bool remote, LPSTR pszFile, PBITMAPINFO pbi, HBITMAP hBmp, HDC hDC)
{
HANDLE hFile;
BITMAPFILEHEADER hdr;
PBITMAPINFOHEADER pbih;
LPBYTE lpBits;
DWORD dwTemp;
pbih = (PBITMAPINFOHEADER)pbi;
lpBits = (LPBYTE) GlobalAlloc(GMEM_FIXED, pbih->biSizeImage);
if(!lpBits)
{
return; // could not allocate bitmap
}
GetDIBits(hDC, hBmp, 0, (WORD)pbih->biHeight, lpBits, pbi, DIB_RGB_COLORS);
hFile = CreateFile(pszFile,
GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
0,
NULL,
CREATE_ALWAYS,
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
NULL);
if(hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
return; // Could not open screenshot file
}
// type == BM
hdr.bfType = 0x4d42;
hdr.bfSize = (sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + pbih->biSize + pbih->biClrUsed * sizeof(RGBQUAD) + pbih->biSizeImage);
hdr.bfReserved1 = 0;
hdr.bfReserved2 = 0;
hdr.bfOffBits = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + pbih->biSize + pbih->biClrUsed * sizeof(RGBQUAD);
// write the bitmap file header to file
WriteFile(hFile, (LPVOID)&hdr, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER), &dwTemp, NULL);
// write the bitmap header to file
WriteFile(hFile, (LPVOID)pbih, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) + pbih->biClrUsed * sizeof(RGBQUAD), &dwTemp, NULL);
// copy the bitmap colour data into the file
WriteFile(hFile, (LPSTR)lpBits, pbih->biSizeImage, &dwTemp, NULL);
CloseHandle(hFile);
GlobalFree((HGLOBAL)lpBits);
}
Here is the top function in that MSDN article, if you need it (again modified by me).
PBITMAPINFO
Print::CreateBitmapInfo(HBITMAP hBmp)
{
BITMAP bmp;
PBITMAPINFO pbmi;
GetObject(hBmp, sizeof(BITMAP), &bmp);
pbmi = static_cast<PBITMAPINFO>(LocalAlloc(LPTR, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER)));
pbmi->bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
pbmi->bmiHeader.biWidth = bmp.bmWidth;
pbmi->bmiHeader.biHeight = bmp.bmHeight;
pbmi->bmiHeader.biPlanes = bmp.bmPlanes; // we are assuming that there is only one plane
pbmi->bmiHeader.biBitCount = bmp.bmBitsPixel;
// no compression this is an rgb bitmap
pbmi->bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
// calculate size and align to a DWORD (8bit), we are assuming there is only one plane.
pbmi->bmiHeader.biSizeImage = ((pbmi->bmiHeader.biWidth * bmp.bmBitsPixel +31) & -31) * pbmi->bmiHeader.biHeight;
// all device colours are important
pbmi->bmiHeader.biClrImportant = 0;
return pbmi;
}

Answer 3

I'm guessing you got your code from here Storing an Image. A while back I had to modify the code to work with WinCE 5.0 and WinCE 6.0. Here is the beta-sample though it is kinda messy. It does it without the GlobalAlloc. It uses CreateDibSection instead.
int CreateBMPFile(HWND hwnd, LPCTSTR pszFile, PBITMAPINFO pbi,
HBITMAP hBMP, HDC hDC)
{
HANDLE hf; // file handle
BITMAPFILEHEADER hdr; // bitmap file-header
PBITMAPINFOHEADER pbih; // bitmap info-header
//LPBYTE lpBits; // memory pointer
DWORD dwTotal; // total count of bytes
DWORD cb; // incremental count of bytes
BYTE *hp; // byte pointer
DWORD dwTmp;
int ret = 0;
pbi = CreateBitmapInfoStruct(NULL, hBMP);
if(pbi == NULL)
{
return ret;
}
pbih = (PBITMAPINFOHEADER) pbi;
/*
lpBits = (LPBYTE) GlobalAlloc(GMEM_FIXED, pbih->biSizeImage);
if (!lpBits)
{
//errhandler("GlobalAlloc", hwnd);
return;
}
*/
RGBQUAD *rgbq;
rgbq = pbi->bmiColors;
PALETTEENTRY pe[256];
GetSystemPaletteEntries(hDC, 0, pbih->biClrUsed, pe);
for(DWORD i = 0; i < pbih->biClrUsed; i++)
{
rgbq[i].rgbRed = pe[i].peRed;
rgbq[i].rgbBlue = pe[i].peBlue;
rgbq[i].rgbGreen = pe[i].peGreen;
rgbq[i].rgbReserved = 0;
}
// CE5.0 + CE6.0
HDC tHDC;
tHDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hDC);
HBITMAP h = CreateDIBSection(hDC, pbi, DIB_PAL_COLORS, (void **)&hp, NULL, 0);
if(h == NULL)
{
goto close_bmp;
}
SelectObject(tHDC, h);
BitBlt(tHDC, 0, 0, SCREEN_W, SCREEN_H, hDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
/*
// Retrieve the color table (RGBQUAD array) and the bits
// (array of palette indices) from the DIB.
if (!GetDIBits(hDC, hBMP, 0, (WORD) pbih->biHeight, lpBits, pbi,
DIB_RGB_COLORS))
{
//errhandler("GetDIBits", hwnd);
return;
}
*/
// Create the .BMP file.
hf = CreateFile(pszFile,
GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
(DWORD) 0,
NULL,
CREATE_ALWAYS,
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
(HANDLE) NULL);
if (hf == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
//errhandler("CreateFile", hwnd);
goto close_bmp;
}
hdr.bfType = 0x4d42; // 0x42 = "B" 0x4d = "M"
// Compute the size of the entire file.
hdr.bfSize = (DWORD) (sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) +
pbih->biSize + pbih->biClrUsed
* sizeof(RGBQUAD) + pbih->biSizeImage);
hdr.bfReserved1 = 0;
hdr.bfReserved2 = 0;
// Compute the offset to the array of color indices.
hdr.bfOffBits = (DWORD) sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) +
pbih->biSize + pbih->biClrUsed
* sizeof (RGBQUAD);
// Copy the BITMAPFILEHEADER into the .BMP file.
if (!WriteFile(hf, (LPVOID) &hdr, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER),
(LPDWORD) &dwTmp, NULL))
{
//errhandler("WriteFile", hwnd);
goto close_bmp;
}
// Copy the BITMAPINFOHEADER and RGBQUAD array into the file.
if (!WriteFile(hf, (LPVOID) pbih, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER)
+ pbih->biClrUsed * sizeof (RGBQUAD),
(LPDWORD) &dwTmp, ( NULL)))
{
//errhandler("WriteFile", hwnd);
}
// Copy the array of color indices into the .BMP file.
dwTotal = cb = pbih->biSizeImage;
//hp = lpBits;
if (!WriteFile(hf, (LPSTR) hp, (int) cb, (LPDWORD) &dwTmp,NULL))
{
//errhandler("WriteFile", hwnd);
goto close_bmp;
}
close_bmp:
// Close the .BMP file.
if(hf != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
if (!CloseHandle(hf))
{
//errhandler("CloseHandle", hwnd);
}
else
{
ret = 1;
}
}
// Free memory.
// GlobalFree((HGLOBAL)lpBits);
if(tHDC != NULL)
DeleteObject(tHDC);
if(h != NULL)
DeleteObject(h);
if(pbi != NULL)
{
//LocalFree(pbi);
free(pbi);
}
return ret;
}