Today I was coding and i ran into this unusual error.
Here is my code:
from direct.showbase.ShowBase import ShowBase
import cogManager
class application(ShowBase):
def __init__(self):
ShowBase.__init__(self)
playApplication = application()
playApplication.run()
Error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "CogCreator.py", line 2, in <module>
import cogManager
File "C:\Users\GeekyGamerGavin\Documents\Toontown Phase Files\NEW\cogManager.p
y", line 4
^
IndentationError: expected an indented block
But the code works when I remove
import cogManager
Could I have some help? I'm confused!
EDIT: I dont have spaces / tabs mixed!
EDIT: Fixed it. Thanks!
You probably have a tab on an empty line, or are mixing tabs and spaces. Following PEP8 coding standards, indentation should be 4 spaces per level.
Try indenting def init(self):
from direct.showbase.ShowBase import ShowBase
import cogManager
class application(ShowBase):
def __init__(self):
ShowBase.__init__(self)
playApplication = application()
playApplication.run()
Related
I have to monitor an XML file being written by a tool running all the day. But the XML file is properly completed and closed only at the end of the day.
Same constraints as XML stream processing:
Parse an incomplete XML file on-the-fly and trigger actions
Keep track of the last position within the file to avoid processing it again from the beginning
On answer of Need to read XML files as a stream using BeautifulSoup in Python, slezica suggests xml.sax, xml.etree.ElementTree and cElementTree. But no success with my attempts to use xml.etree.ElementTree and cElementTree. There are also xml.dom, xml.parsers.expat and lxml but I do not see support for "on-the-fly parsing".
I need more obvious examples...
I am currently using Python 2.7 on Linux, but I will migrate to Python 3.x => please also provide tips on new Python 3.x features. I also use watchdog to detect XML file modifications => Optionally, reuse the watchdog mechanism. Optionally support also Windows.
Please provide easy to understand/maintain solutions. If it is too complex, I may just use tell()/seek() to move within the file, use stupid text search in the raw XML and finally extract the values using basic regex.
XML sample:
<dfxml xmloutputversion='1.0'>
<creator version='1.0'>
<program>TCPFLOW</program>
<version>1.4.6</version>
</creator>
<configuration>
<fileobject>
<filename>file1</filename>
<filesize>288</filesize>
<tcpflow packets='12' srcport='1111' dstport='2222' family='2' />
</fileobject>
<fileobject>
<filename>file2</filename>
<filesize>352</filesize>
<tcpflow packets='12' srcport='3333' dstport='4444' family='2' />
</fileobject>
<fileobject>
<filename>file3</filename>
<filesize>456</filesize>
...
...
First test using SAX failed:
import xml.sax
class StreamHandler(xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler):
def startElement(self, name, attrs):
print 'start: name=', name
def endElement(self, name):
print 'end: name=', name
if name == 'root':
raise StopIteration
if __name__ == '__main__':
parser = xml.sax.make_parser()
parser.setContentHandler(StreamHandler())
with open('f.xml') as f:
parser.parse(f)
Shell:
$ while read line; do echo $line; sleep 1; done <i.xml >f.xml &
...
$ ./test-using-sax.py
start: name= dfxml
start: name= creator
start: name= program
end: name= program
start: name= version
end: name= version
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./test-using-sax.py", line 17, in <module>
parser.parse(f)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xml/sax/expatreader.py", line 107, in parse
xmlreader.IncrementalParser.parse(self, source)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xml/sax/xmlreader.py", line 125, in parse
self.close()
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xml/sax/expatreader.py", line 220, in close
self.feed("", isFinal = 1)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xml/sax/expatreader.py", line 214, in feed
self._err_handler.fatalError(exc)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xml/sax/handler.py", line 38, in fatalError
raise exception
xml.sax._exceptions.SAXParseException: report.xml:15:0: no element found
Since yesterday I found the Peter Gibson's answer about the undocumented xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLTreeBuilder._parser.EndElementHandler.
This example is similar to the other one but uses xml.etree.ElementTree (and watchdog).
It does not work when ElementTree is replaced by cElementTree :-/
import time
import watchdog.events
import watchdog.observers
import xml.etree.ElementTree
class XmlFileEventHandler(watchdog.events.PatternMatchingEventHandler):
def __init__(self):
watchdog.events.PatternMatchingEventHandler.__init__(self, patterns=['*.xml'])
self.xml_file = None
self.parser = xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLTreeBuilder()
def end_tag_event(tag):
node = self.parser._end(tag)
print 'tag=', tag, 'node=', node
self.parser._parser.EndElementHandler = end_tag_event
def on_modified(self, event):
if not self.xml_file:
self.xml_file = open(event.src_path)
buffer = self.xml_file.read()
if buffer:
self.parser.feed(buffer)
if __name__ == '__main__':
observer = watchdog.observers.Observer()
event_handler = XmlFileEventHandler()
observer.schedule(event_handler, path='.')
try:
observer.start()
while True:
time.sleep(10)
finally:
observer.stop()
observer.join()
While the script is running, do not forget to touch one XML file, or simulate the on-the-fly writing using this one line script:
while read line; do echo $line; sleep 1; done <in.xml >out.xml &
For information, the xml.etree.ElementTree.iterparse does not seem to support a file being written. My test code:
from __future__ import print_function, division
import xml.etree.ElementTree
if __name__ == '__main__':
context = xml.etree.ElementTree.iterparse('f.xml', events=('end',))
for action, elem in context:
print(action, elem.tag)
My output:
end program
end version
end creator
end filename
end filesize
end tcpflow
end fileobject
end filename
end filesize
end tcpflow
end fileobject
end filename
end filesize
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./iter.py", line 9, in <module>
for action, elem in context:
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xml/etree/ElementTree.py", line 1281, in next
self._root = self._parser.close()
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xml/etree/ElementTree.py", line 1654, in close
self._raiseerror(v)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xml/etree/ElementTree.py", line 1506, in _raiseerror
raise err
xml.etree.ElementTree.ParseError: no element found: line 20, column 0
Three hours after posting my question, no answer received. But I have finally implemented the simple example I was looking for.
My inspiration is from saaj's answer and is based on xml.sax and watchdog.
from __future__ import print_function, division
import time
import watchdog.events
import watchdog.observers
import xml.sax
class XmlStreamHandler(xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler):
def startElement(self, tag, attributes):
print(tag, 'attributes=', attributes.items())
self.tag = tag
def characters(self, content):
print(self.tag, 'content=', content)
class XmlFileEventHandler(watchdog.events.PatternMatchingEventHandler):
def __init__(self):
watchdog.events.PatternMatchingEventHandler.__init__(self, patterns=['*.xml'])
self.file = None
self.parser = xml.sax.make_parser()
self.parser.setContentHandler(XmlStreamHandler())
def on_modified(self, event):
if not self.file:
self.file = open(event.src_path)
self.parser.feed(self.file.read())
if __name__ == '__main__':
observer = watchdog.observers.Observer()
event_handler = XmlFileEventHandler()
observer.schedule(event_handler, path='.')
try:
observer.start()
while True:
time.sleep(10)
finally:
observer.stop()
observer.join()
While the script is running, do not forget to touch one XML file, or simulate the on-the-fly writing using the following command:
while read line; do echo $line; sleep 1; done <in.xml >out.xml &
I am using grpc with protobuf 2.6.1 in python 2.7, and when I run my client side code, I have the following errors:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "debate_client.py", line 31, in <module>
run_client()
File "debate_client.py", line 17, in run_client
reply = stub.Answer(debate_pb2.AnswerRequest(question=question, timeout=timeout), 30)
File "/Users/elaine/Desktop/gitHub/grpc/python2.7_virtual_environment/lib/python2.7/site-packages/grpc/framework/crust/implementations.py", line 73, in __call__
protocol_options, metadata, request)
File "/Users/elaine/Desktop/gitHub/grpc/python2.7_virtual_environment/lib/python2.7/site-packages/grpc/framework/crust/_calls.py", line 109, in blocking_unary_unary
return next(rendezvous)
File "/Users/elaine/Desktop/gitHub/grpc/python2.7_virtual_environment/lib/python2.7/site-packages/grpc/framework/crust/_control.py", line 412, in next
raise self._termination.abortion_error
grpc.framework.interfaces.face.face.RemoteError: RemoteError(code=StatusCode.UNKNOWN, details="")
Here is my client side code:
from grpc.beta import implementations
import debate_pb2
import sys
def run_client():
params = sys.argv
print params
how = params[1]
question = params[2]
channel = implementations.insecure_channel('localhost', 29999)
stub = debate_pb2.beta_create_Candidate_stub(channel)
if how.lower() == "answer":
timeout = int(params[3])
reply = stub.Answer(debate_pb2.AnswerRequest(question=question, timeout=timeout), 30)
elif how.lower() == "elaborate":
blah = params[3:len(sys.argv)]
for i in range(0, len(blah)):
blah[i] = int(blah[i])
reply = stub.Elaborate(debate_pb2.ElaborateRequest(topic=question, blah_run=blah), 30)
if reply is None:
print "No comment"
else:
print reply.answer
if __name__ == "__main__":
run_client()
And here is my server side code:
import debate_pb2
import consultation_pb2
import re
import random
from grpc.beta import implementations
class Debate(debate_pb2.BetaCandidateServicer):
def Answer(self, request, context=None):
#Answer implementation
def Elaborate(self, request, context=None):
#Elaborate implementation
def run_server():
server = debate_pb2.beta_create_Candidate_server(Debate())
server.add_insecure_port('localhost:29999')
server.start()
if __name__ == "__main__":
run_server()
Any idea where the remote error comes from? Thank you so much!
Hello Elaine and thank you for trying out gRPC Python.
Nothing leaps out at me as an obvious smoking gun, but a couple of things I see are:
gRPC Python isn't known to work with protobuf 2.6.1. Have you tried working with the very latest protobuf release (3.0.0a3 at this time)?
context isn't an optional keyword parameter in servicer methods; it's a required, positional parameter. Does dropping =None from your servicer method implementations effect any change?
The same happened to me just now, and I figured out why.
Make sure the messages in your proto definition and the message in your implementations match the format.
For example, my Response message had a message= param in my python server, but not in my proto definition.
I think your function implementations should be outside class Debate or might be your functions are not correctly implemented to give the desired result.
I faced a similar error because my functions were inside the class but moving it outside the class fixed it.
I have the following piece of code copied from book programming collective intelligence page 118, chapter "Document Filtering". This function breaks up the text into words by dividing the text on any character that isn't a letter. This leaves only actual words,all converted to lower-case.
import re
import math
def getwords(doc):
splitter=re.compile('\\W*')
words=[s.lower() for s in splitter.split(doc)
if len(s)>2 and len(s)<20]
return dict([(w,1) for w in words])
I implemented the function and got the following error:
>>> import docclas
>>> t=docclass.getwords(s)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#15>", line 1, in <module>
t=docclass.getwords(s)
File "docclass.py", line 6, in getwords
words=[s.lower() for s in splitter.split(doc)
NameError: global name 'splitter' is not defined
It works here
>>> import re
>>>
>>> def getwords(doc):
... splitter=re.compile('\\W*')
... words=[s.lower() for s in splitter.split(doc)
... if len(s)>2 and len(s)<20]
... return dict([(w,1) for w in words])
...
>>> getwords ("He's fallen in the water!");
{'water': 1, 'the': 1, 'fallen': 1}
I'm gueesing you made a typo in your code, but got it right when you pasted it here.
import sys
def Hello(name):
name = name + '!!!'
print 'Hello' , name
def main():
Hello(sys.argv[1])
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Here is the error
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\pythonPractice\firstPython.py", line 13, in <module>
main()
File "D:\pythonPractice\firstPython.py", line 9, in main
Hello(sys.argv[1])
IndexError: list index out of range
I have also tried sys.argv[2] but error remains
First things first, I think the code you originally posted (with Hello(sys.argv[0])) is not what you actually have. It doesn't match the error, which states sys.argv[1], so what you probably have is:
def main():
Hello(sys.argv[1])
As to the error then, it's because you haven't provided an argument when running. You need to do so, such that sys.argv[1] exists:
python helloprog Pax
You would find a more robust main as:
def main():
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
Hello("whoever you are")
else:
Hello(sys.argv[1])
which will detect when you haven't provided an argument, and use a suitable default rather than raising an exception.
Have you used
sys.argv[0]
Since this returns a list , you may not have elements >1
I'm following the instructions from this post but cannot get my methods recognized globally.
The error message:
ERROR: test_suggest_performer (__builtin__.TestSearch)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "applications/myapp/tests/test_search.py", line 24, in test_suggest_performer
suggs = suggest_flavors("straw")
NameError: global name 'suggest_flavors' is not defined
My test file:
import unittest
from gluon.globals import Request
db = test_db
execfile("applications/myapp/controllers/search.py", globals())
class TestSearch(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
request = Request()
def test_suggest_flavors(self):
suggs = suggest_flavors("straw")
self.assertEqual(len(suggs), 1)
self.assertEqual(suggs[0][1], 'Strawberry')
My controller:
def suggest_flavors(term):
return []
Has anyone successfully completed unit testing like this in web2py?
Please see: http://web2py.com/AlterEgo/default/show/260
Note that in your example the function 'suggest_flavors' should be defined at 'applications/myapp/controllers/search.py'.
I don't have any experience with web2py, but used other frameworks a lot. And looking at your code I'm confused a bit. Is there an objective reason why execfile should be used? Isn't it better to use regular import statement. So instead of execfile you may write:
from applications.myapp.controllers.search import suggest_flavors
It's more clear code for pythoners.
Note, that you should place __init__.py in each directory along the path in this case, so that dirs will form package/module hierarchy.