I'm trying to generate code which will take the components (i.e, a-f) of various combination permutations (combo) one, two, three, or four units long using these six components and provide various non duplicating combinations of combinations (combo.combo) which contain all of the components (i.e., [ab + cdef and ac + bde + f] but not [ae + bc + df and aef + bc + d]).
It would be nice if this code could allow me to 1) input the number of components, 2) input the min and max unit length per combo, 3) input the min and max number of combos per combo.combo, and 4) randomize the output list of combo.combos.
Maybe start with some kind of iteration loop to generate each version of the 720 possible component combinations (a-f) and then start pruning that list based on the set limiting parameters? I've got some working knowledge of python and will get started, but any tips or suggestions are most welcome.
combo.combo a b c d e f
a.bcdef 1 1 1 1 1 1
ab.cdef 1 1 1 1 1 1
abc.def 1 1 1 1 1 1
abcd.ef 1 1 1 1 1 1
abcde.f 1 1 1 1 1 1
a.b.cdef 1 1 1 1 1 1
a.bc.def 1 1 1 1 1 1
a.bcd.ef 1 1 1 1 1 1
a.bcde.f 1 1 1 1 1 1
ab.c.def 1 1 1 1 1 1
I've found a lot of code which will generate combination permutations but not combinations of combinations. I've included a binary matrix for the combination components, but am stuck on where to proceed from here or if this matrix is a false start (although a helpful visual aide.)
combo a b c d e f
a 1 0 0 0 0 0
b 0 1 0 0 0 0
c 0 0 1 0 0 0
d 0 0 0 1 0 0
e 0 0 0 0 1 0
f 0 0 0 0 0 1
ab 1 1 0 0 0 0
ac 1 0 1 0 0 0
ad 1 0 0 1 0 0
ae 1 0 0 0 1 0
af 1 0 0 0 0 1
bc 0 1 1 0 0 0
bd 0 1 0 1 0 0
be 0 1 0 0 1 0
bf 0 1 0 0 0 1
cd 0 0 1 1 0 0
ce 0 0 1 0 1 0
cf 0 0 1 0 0 1
de 0 0 0 1 1 0
df 0 0 0 1 0 1
ef 0 0 0 0 1 1
abc 1 1 1 0 0 0
abd 1 1 0 1 0 0
abe 1 1 0 0 1 0
abf 1 1 0 0 0 1
acd 1 0 1 1 0 0
ace 1 0 1 0 1 0
acf 1 0 1 0 0 1
ade 1 0 0 1 1 0
adf 1 0 0 1 0 1
aef 1 0 0 0 1 1
bcd 0 1 1 1 0 0
bce 0 1 1 0 1 0
bcf 0 1 1 0 0 1
bde 0 1 0 1 1 0
bdf 0 1 0 1 0 1
bef 0 1 0 0 1 1
cde 0 0 1 1 1 0
cdf 0 0 1 1 0 1
cef 0 0 1 0 1 1
def 0 0 0 1 1 1
abcd 1 1 1 1 0 0
abce 1 1 1 0 1 0
abcf 1 1 1 0 0 1
abde 1 1 0 1 1 0
abdf 1 1 0 1 0 1
abef 1 1 0 0 1 1
acde 1 0 1 1 1 0
acdf 1 0 1 1 0 1
acef 1 0 1 0 1 1
adef 1 0 0 1 1 1
bcde 0 1 1 1 1 0
bcdf 0 1 1 1 0 1
bcef 0 1 1 0 1 1
bdef 0 1 0 1 1 1
cdef 0 0 1 1 1 1
The approach which first comes to mind is this:
generate all the combinations using the given components (which you already did :) )
treat the resulting combinations as a new set of components (so instead of a, b,...,f your set will contain a, ab, abc, ...)
generate all the combinations from the second set
from the new set of combinations only keep those which apply to your condition (it's not very clear from your example what the constraint is)
This, of course, has sky-high exponential complexity, since you'll have to backtrack twice and step 3 has way more possibilities.
It's very possible that there's a more efficient algorithm, starting from the constraint ("non duplicating combinations of combinations which contain all of the components").
Related
I am trying to make a game which loads it's levels from a text file. I decided to do this with the help of a 2 dimensional vector of integers. Before implementing it in my main code, I first decided to check whether my logic was right so I made a Test.txt file containing the the level I wanted to draw.
Test.txt:-
1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0
1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
Each integer is seperated by a space and only one number is supposed to be read once at a time. The 1 and 0 tell the game which tile to draw. Now, with this wrote the following code in c++ to read the file and populate the vector with it's contents. After that it's supposed to output the contents of the vector.
Test.cpp:-
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int num;
vector<vector<int>> nums;
int main(void) {
ifstream FileIn;
FileIn.open("Test.txt");
for(int i = 0; i < 18; i++) {
vector<int> temp;
for(int j = 0; j < 32; j++) {
FileIn >> num;
temp.push_back(num);
}
nums.push_back(temp);
temp.clear();
}
cout << nums.size() << '\n'; // outputs 18
for (unsigned int i=0; i < nums.size(); i++) {
for (unsigned int j=0; j < nums[i].size(); j++) {
cout << nums[i][j];
if (j == nums[i].size() - 1) cout << '\n';
}
}
FileIn.close();
return 0;
}
but this is where the problem starts. The code doesn't output anything to the terminal it just starts and then goes back to the prompt.
The executable compiles with no errors and there are no crashes or runtime error either. There is just no output.
Things i have tried:
Putting in spaces between the numbers
Keeping all integers on the same line
both of the solutions above, but together this time
I am using atom with the platformio terminal plugin on windows 10 (64-bit) on a intel with amd-64 architecture. Any help would be very appreciated.
A few things: Start learning how to use a debugger. Your question to stackoverflow is something you probably could easily answer on your own, if you stepped through your code with a debugger. That'd save you time - and us.
Edited:
Also, you open 'test.txt' without verifying or setting the "current working directory". This will work only if you start the application from the same path, test.txt is in. But if you run the app from someplace else, the working directory may be different.
You did not check for eof or any other error condition. How do you know if opening the file did actually work? Or reading the number? Or that there are exactly the amount of numbers you are expecting.
Checking error conditions may seem like a nuisance, but it's definitely not. Hunting for errors, which you did not check in your code, is much more time consuming than forming a habit to check for errors.
Here is some code:
ifstream FileIn;
FileIn.open("test.txt");
if (!FileIn.good())
cerr << "Could not open file...";
else {
while (!FileIn.eof()) {
int num; ///!!! DONT make `num` a global variable
FileIn >> num;
if (FileIn.bad()) {
cerr << "Invalid number in file...";
return 1; // return prematurely from the application
}
// Do something with the number
}
}
Also, use cout << endl instead of cout << '\n';. endl is the official way of inserting a line break and it will work on any platform, whereas '\n' may or may not work. Some platforms require two characters.
So I finally found the problem, the code, logic, text file everything were working fine. After taking the advice about debuggers from the other answer, this time instead of using atom's terminal plugin, I used powershell and it worked. It gave the output i was expecting. Then i tried the same code with the atom's terminal and that gave no output. So the problem seemed to be not in the code but in the terminal I was using.
I have to find the shortest path between a '1' element of the matrix and a '2' element crossing only throw the '0' elements. I first thought of using the Lee algorithm but it would take to much space given that the matrix can have up to 101 elements.
This is an example of an input
I already know the length of the matrix.
1 0 0 0 2 2 0
0 1 1 0 3 1 3
3 3 3 3 0 0 0
2 0 3 3 0 0 0
2 2 0 3 0 1 1
2 0 0 0 0 1 0
The output is 4 the shortest path being:
1 0 0 0 2 2 0
0 1 1 0 3 1 3
3 3 3 3 0 0 0
2 0 3 3 0 0 0
2 2 0 3 0 1 1
2 * * * * 1 0
I'm trying to make a shape of random numbers (0 or 1) in this case as I'm trying to create a minesweeper field.
I've tried using the "?" symbol for random to receive it but it normally turns into an unrandom, repeated pattern which for my purposes is unsatisfactory:
5 5 $ ? 0 1
0 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 0
Because of this, I tried other ways like pulling numbers from an index (this is called roll). But this returns random decimals. Other small changes to the code also resulted in these random decimals.
I've done this a few times myself. The key thing is when you apply the ?. You get the result that you want if you apply it after the matrix has been created.
We know that ?2 returns a 1 or a 0 value generated randomly.
? 2
0
? 2
1
? 2
0
So if we create a 5X5 matrix of 2's
5 5 $ 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
then we apply ? to each 2 in the matrix you get the random 1 or 0 for each position.
? 5 5 $ 2 NB. first 5 X 5 matrix of random 1's and 0's
0 0 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 0
1 1 1 0 0
? 5 5 $ 2 NB. different 5 X 5 matrix of random 1's and 0's
0 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 1 0
0 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0
I am solving systems of equations using Armadillo. I make a matrix from one array of doubles, specifying the rows and columns. The problem is that it doesn't read it the way I make the array, (it's a vector but then converted to an array) so I need to manipulate the vector.
To be clear, it takes a vector with these values:
2 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 2
And it makes this matrix:
2 1 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 3 1 0
0 0 0 1 1
2 1 0 0 2
But I want this matrix:
2 0 0 0 2
1 1 1 0 1
1 0 3 0 0
1 1 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 2
How do I manipulate my vector to make it like this?
I feel as if you are looking for a transposition of a matrix. There is relevant documentation here.
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General
I'm looking for a library that is able to do exact calculations on large finite fields such as GF(2128)/𝔽2128 and GF(2256)/𝔽2256. I listed the features that I need and the features that would be cool below. Obviously, the library should be as fast as possible :-). Ah, since I'm no C++ master (and probably most of the libraries are C++), sample code of say generate a random element/a constant and multiply it to it's multiplicative inverse
Must-Have Features
Addition of field elements
Multiplication of field element
Find the multiplicative inverse of a field element
Nice to Have Features
Vector/Matrix support
Random Element support
Libraries I already looked at that will probably not work
FFLAS/FFPACK, seems not to work with such large finite fields
Givaro, seems not to work on such large finite fields
Libraries I already looked at that could work (but I was unable to use)
NTL, I was not able to invert an element, but it should really work since SAGE seems to use this library when defining GF(2^256) and there an element can be inverted using x^(-1)
PARI/GP, I was not able to find everything I need in the documentation, but the SAGE documentation kind of says that it should work
Other notes
I'm writing a Haskell program and will interface that library later, so easier Haskell interfacing is better :-)
The NTL library seems to work, using this (sorry I'm quite unable to program in C++) code
#include <NTL/GF2E.h>
#include <NTL/GF2EX.h>
#include <NTL/GF2X.h>
#include <NTL/GF2XFactoring.h>
NTL_CLIENT
int main()
{
GF2X P = BuildIrred_GF2X(256);
GF2E::init(P);
GF2E zero = GF2E::zero();
GF2E one;
GF2E r = random_GF2E();
GF2E r2 = random_GF2E();
conv(one, 1L);
cout << "Cardinality: " << GF2E::cardinality() << endl;
cout << "ZERO: " << zero << " --> " << IsZero(zero) << endl;
cout << "ONE: " << one << " --> " << IsOne(one) << endl;
cout << "1/r: " << 1/r << ", r * (1/r): " << (r * (1/r)) << endl;
cout << "1/r2: " << 1/r2 << ", r2 * (1/r2): " << (r2 * (1/r2)) << endl;
}
it seems to work, proof (output of this program):
Cardinality: 115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129639936
ZERO: [] --> 1
ONE: [1] --> 1
1/r: [0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1], r * (1/r): [1]
1/r2: [1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1], r2 * (1/r2): [1]
Even inverting seems to work (scroll as right as possible in the output sample above) :-)