How to add custom choice to django ModelMultipleChoiceField? - django

I got form:
class SearchForm(Form):
owner = ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=User.objects.all(), required=False)
and after customizing get_queryset() of related view it works as expected but I got objects without owner. I want to add additional new choice on top of the list (0,'Without owner') so I could then filter only objects without owner.
How to add this option?
UPDATE:
I add the choice in form.__init__ and wrote custom clean method for it but if I choose added option something raises ValidationError before getting to my clean method.I'm guessing I have to override form.is_valid but I'm not sure how to do it so I can still use default is_valid method.
My code
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(ClientListSearchForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.fields['owner'].choices = \
list(self.fields['owner'].choices)+[('0', 'n/a')]
def clean_owner(self):
logger.debug('CLEAN_OWNER:')
data = self.cleaned_data.get('owner')
logger.debug('data: %s' % data)
if data == 0:
logger.debug('Data zero - not assigned')
return data
users = User.objects.all()
if all(e in users for e in data):
logger.debug('Data in users - validating ok')
return data
else:
raise ValidationError('Incorrect owner')
I tried:
def is_valid(self):
try:
super(ClientListSearchForm, self).is_valid()
except ValidationError as e:
logger.debug('val error: %s' % e.args)
but it's nor validating nor caching exception
UPDATE2 Added custom validator
def userWithEmpty(value):
users = User.objects.values_list('pk').all()
v =list()
for va in value:
v.append(int(va))
u = list()
for us in users:
u.append(int(us[0]))
if not (all(e in u for e in v)or v ==0):
raise ValidationError('Invalid Value: %s' % value)
Is there a better way to convert every value in iterable than my for loops?
Didn’t post it as answer because there is a lot of place for improvement. Waiting for rants about what I'm doing wrong- and I will appreciate it all...
It STOPPED WORKING eee - there is something before validator from validators=[]

I ended up with other approach
class ModelMultipleChoiceWithEmptyField(ModelMultipleChoiceField):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(ModelMultipleChoiceWithEmptyField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.choices = list(self.choices) + [('0', 'Brak')]
def clean(self, value):
if self.required and not value:
raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['required'], code='required')
if value == [u'0']:
return value
return super(ModelMultipleChoiceWithEmptyField,self).clean(value)
It's much cleaner and it works. Fell free to reuse and improve

Related

Django overwrite validate MultipleChoiceField and remove queryset required

i'm tring to make a custom MultipleChoiceField but i have 2 problems
1st seems i can't overwrite validate function... when i try it print("i'm here") never come in my console even when that field triggers invalid_choice error
class OdsTaggerlMultipleChoiceField(forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField):
def label_from_instance(self, obj):
return obj.tag
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(OdsTaggerlMultipleChoiceField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.to_field_name="tag"
self.widget.attrs['class'] = 'odstagger'
def validate(self, value):
#azione cattiva valida la qualunque
if self.required and len(value) < 1:
raise forms.ValidationError(self.error_messages['required'], code='required')
print("i'm here")
2nd problem is about queryset it's required to use that field, but i think resolving 1ts problem i can just use a empty choices list
tags = OdsTaggerlMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Tag.objects.all())
do you know how resolve that?

Django: Accessing parent object in new linline object

I have been combing through the internet for quite some while without finding any solution to this problem.
What I am trying to do...
I have the following models:
class TrackingEventType(models.Model):
required_previous_event = models.ForeignKey(TrackingEventType)
class TrackingEvent(models.Model):
tracking = models.ForeignKey(Tracking)
class Tracking(models.Model):
last_event = models.ForeignKey(TrackingEvent)
Now the main model is Tracking, so my admin for Tracking looks like this:
class TrackingEventInline(admin.TabularInline):
model = TrackingEvent
extra = 0
class TrackingAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
inlines = [TrackingEventInline]
That's it for the current setup.
Now my quest:
In the TrackingAdmin, when I add new TrackingEvent inlines, I want to limit the options of TrackingEventType to onlye those, that are allowed to follow on the last TrackingEvent of the Tracking. (Tracking.last_event == TrackingEventType.required_previous_event).
For this, I would need to be able to access the related Tracking on the InlineTrackingEvent, to access the last_event and filter the options for TrackingEventType accordingly.
So I found this: Accessing parent model instance from modelform of admin inline, but when I set up TrackingEventInline accordingly:
class MyFormSet(forms.BaseInlineFormSet):
def _construct_form(self, i, **kwargs):
kwargs['parent_object'] = self.instance
print self.instance
return super(MyFormSet, self)._construct_form(i, **kwargs)
class MyForm(forms.ModelForm):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
print kwargs
self.parent_object = kwargs.pop('parent_object')
super(MyForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
class TrackingEventInline(admin.TabularInline):
form = MyForm
formset = MyFormSet
model = TrackingEvent
extra = 0
I get a KeyError at /admin/.../tracking/2/change/ 'parent_object' from self.parent_object = kwargs.pop('parent_object')
Does anyone know how to solve this? Am I approaching the problem the wrong way? I guess this would be pretty easy in a custom form in the frontend, but I really want to use the admin, because the whole application is built to be used from the admin, and it would be a hell lot of work to build a custom admin interface just because of this problem :)
Ok, so posting on StackOverflow is always helping to get the problem straight. I was able to put together a solution that works for me.
It includes defining my own Form in a outer function, as well as defining two InlineAdmin objects for TrackingEvent (one for update / edit, one just for insert).
Here's the code:
def create_trackingevent_form(tracking):
"""
"""
class TrackingEventForm(forms.ModelForm):
"""
Form for Tracking Event Inline
"""
def clean(self):
"""
May not be needed anymore, since event type choices are limited when creating new event.
"""
next_eventtype = self.cleaned_data['event_type']
tracking = self.cleaned_data['tracking']
# get last event, this also ensures last_event gets updated everytime the change form for TrackingEvent is loaded
last_eventtype = tracking.set_last_event()
if last_eventtype:
last_eventtype = last_eventtype.event_type
pk = self.instance.pk
insert = pk == None
# check if the event is updated or newly created
if insert:
if next_eventtype.required_previous_event == last_eventtype:
pass
else:
raise forms.ValidationError('"{}" requires "{}" as last event, "{}" found. Possible next events: {}'.format(
next_eventtype,
next_eventtype.required_previous_event,
last_eventtype,
'"%s" ' % ', '.join(map(str, [x.name for x in tracking.next_tracking_eventtype_options()]))
)
)
else:
pass
return self.cleaned_data
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# You can use the outer function's 'tracking' here
self.parent_object = tracking
super(TrackingEventForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.fields['event_type'].queryset = tracking.next_tracking_eventtype_options()
#self.fields['event_type'].limit_choices_to = tracking.next_tracking_eventtype_options()
return TrackingEventForm
class TrackingEventInline(admin.TabularInline):
#form = MyForm
#formset = MyFormSet
model = TrackingEvent
extra = 0
#readonly_fields = ['datetime', 'event_type', 'note']
def has_add_permission(self, request):
return False
class AddTrackingEventInline(admin.TabularInline):
model = TrackingEvent
extra = 0
def has_change_permission(self, request, obj=None):
return False
def queryset(self, request):
return super(AddTrackingEventInline, self).queryset(request).none()
def get_formset(self, request, obj=None, **kwargs):
if obj:
self.form = create_trackingevent_form(obj)
return super(AddTrackingEventInline, self).get_formset(request, obj, **kwargs)
I hope this helps other people with the same problem.. Some credit to the Stack Overflow threads that helped me come up with this:
Prepopulating inlines based on the parent model in the Django Admin
Limit foreign key choices in select in an inline form in admin
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/models/instances/#django.db.models.Model.clean_fields
Please do not hesitate to ask questions if you have any

Custom Form Field in Django

I am trying to create a custom form field in Django.
class CustomTypedMultipleChoiceField(MultipleChoiceField):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.coerce = kwargs.pop('coerce', lambda val: val)
self.empty_value = kwargs.pop('empty_value', [])
super(CustomTypedMultipleChoiceField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def to_python(self, value):
"""
Validates that the values are in self.choices and can be coerced to the
right type.
"""
value = super(CustomTypedMultipleChoiceField, self).to_python(value)
if value == self.empty_value or value in self.empty_values:
return self.empty_value
new_value = []
for choice in value:
try:
new_value.append(self.coerce(choice))
except (ValueError, TypeError, ValidationError):
raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['invalid_choice'] % {'value': choice})
return new_value
def validate(self, value):
if value != self.empty_value:
super(CustomTypedMultipleChoiceField, self).validate(value)
elif self.required:
raise ValidationError(self.error_messages['required'])
I am getting the error CustomTypedMultipleChoiceField has no attribute empty_values. This is the exact same code that Django in built TypedMultipleChoiceField is built with. So I dont understand why I am getting this error.
I also thought of sub-classing the TypedMultipleChoiceField, but I wanted its error to be different in to_python method and didn't want to return the value thing, so opted for this method.
Please help me.
I don't know if it's a typo or you intended that way but actually empty_values (in plural) is not defined in your code anywhere. I also take a look at the source code of the super class MultipleChoiceField and is not defined there either.
What I could find in the super super class of your class (ChoiceField) was a reference to validator.EMPTY_VALUES and of course, it is in capital letters.
The line more alike yours in the source code was this one:
if value == self.empty_value or value in validators.EMPTY_VALUES:
Take a look deep in your code and see if that was what you intended to do.
Hope this helps!

django admin - access request.user in BaseInlineFormSet

I've just created a forms.models.BaseInlineFormSet to override the default formset for a TabularInline model. I need to evaluate the user's group in formset validation (clean) because some groups must write a number inside a range (0,20).
I'm using django admin to autogenerate the interface.
I've tried getting the request and the user from the kwargs in the init method, but I couldn't get the reference.
This is what I have now:
class OrderInlineFormset(forms.models.BaseInlineFormSet):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.user = kwargs.pop('user')
super(OrderInlineFormset, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def clean(self):
# get forms that actually have valid data
count = 0
for form in self.forms:
try:
if form.cleaned_data:
count += 1
if self.user.groups.filter(name='Seller').count() == 1:
if form.cleaned_data['discount'] > 20:
raise forms.ValidationError('Not authorized to specify a discount greater than 20%')
except AttributeError:
# annoyingly, if a subform is invalid Django explicity raises
# an AttributeError for cleaned_data
pass
if count < 1:
raise forms.ValidationError('You need to specify at least one item')
class OrderItemInline(admin.TabularInline):
model = OrderItem
formset = OrderInlineFormset
Then I use it as inlines = [OrderItemInline,] in my ModelAdmin.
Unfortunatly self.user is always None so I cannot compare the user group and the filter is not applied. I need to filter it because other groups should be able to specify any discount percent.
How can I do? If you also need the ModelAdmin code I'll publish it (I just avoided to copy the whole code to avoid confusions).
Well, I recognise my code there in your question, so I guess I'd better try and answer it. But I would say first of all that that snippet is really only for validating a minimum number of forms within the formset. Your use case is different - you want to check something within each form. That should be done with validation at the level of the form, not the formset.
That said, the trouble is not actually with the code you've posted, but with the fact that that's only part of it. Obviously, if you want to get the user from the kwargs when the form or formset is initialized, you need to ensure that the user is actually passed into that initialization - which it isn't, by default.
Unfortunately, Django's admin doesn't really give you a proper hook to intercept the initialization itself. But you can cheat by overriding the get_form function and using functools.partial to wrap the form class with the request argument (this code is reasonably untested, but should work):
from functools import partial
class OrderForm(forms.ModelForm):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.user = kwargs.pop('user')
super(OrderForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def clean(self)
if self.user.groups.filter(name='Seller').count() == 1:
if self.cleaned_data['discount'] > 20:
raise forms.ValidationError('Not authorized to specify a discount greater than 20%')
return self.cleaned_data
class MyAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
form = OrderForm
def get_form(self, request, obj=None, **kwargs):
form_class = super(MyAdmin, self).get_form(request, obj, **kwargs)
return functools.partial(form_class, user=request.user)
Here's another option without using partials. First override the get_formset method in your TabularInline class.
Assign request.user or what ever extra varaibles you need to be available in the formset as in example below:
class OrderItemInline(admin.TabularInline):
model = OrderItem
formset = OrderInlineFormset
def get_formset(self, request, obj=None, **kwargs):
formset = super(OrderProductsInline, self).get_formset(request, obj, **kwargs)
formset.user = request.user
return formset
Now the user is available in the formset as self.user
class OrderInlineFormset(forms.models.BaseInlineFormSet):
def clean(self):
print(self.user) # is available here

When saving, how can you check if a field has changed?

In my model I have :
class Alias(MyBaseModel):
remote_image = models.URLField(
max_length=500, null=True,
help_text='''
A URL that is downloaded and cached for the image.
Only used when the alias is made
'''
)
image = models.ImageField(
upload_to='alias', default='alias-default.png',
help_text="An image representing the alias"
)
def save(self, *args, **kw):
if (not self.image or self.image.name == 'alias-default.png') and self.remote_image :
try :
data = utils.fetch(self.remote_image)
image = StringIO.StringIO(data)
image = Image.open(image)
buf = StringIO.StringIO()
image.save(buf, format='PNG')
self.image.save(
hashlib.md5(self.string_id).hexdigest() + ".png", ContentFile(buf.getvalue())
)
except IOError :
pass
Which works great for the first time the remote_image changes.
How can I fetch a new image when someone has modified the remote_image on the alias? And secondly, is there a better way to cache a remote image?
Essentially, you want to override the __init__ method of models.Model so that you keep a copy of the original value. This makes it so that you don't have to do another DB lookup (which is always a good thing).
class Person(models.Model):
name = models.CharField()
__original_name = None
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.__original_name = self.name
def save(self, force_insert=False, force_update=False, *args, **kwargs):
if self.name != self.__original_name:
# name changed - do something here
super().save(force_insert, force_update, *args, **kwargs)
self.__original_name = self.name
I use following mixin:
from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
class ModelDiffMixin(object):
"""
A model mixin that tracks model fields' values and provide some useful api
to know what fields have been changed.
"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(ModelDiffMixin, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.__initial = self._dict
#property
def diff(self):
d1 = self.__initial
d2 = self._dict
diffs = [(k, (v, d2[k])) for k, v in d1.items() if v != d2[k]]
return dict(diffs)
#property
def has_changed(self):
return bool(self.diff)
#property
def changed_fields(self):
return self.diff.keys()
def get_field_diff(self, field_name):
"""
Returns a diff for field if it's changed and None otherwise.
"""
return self.diff.get(field_name, None)
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Saves model and set initial state.
"""
super(ModelDiffMixin, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
self.__initial = self._dict
#property
def _dict(self):
return model_to_dict(self, fields=[field.name for field in
self._meta.fields])
Usage:
>>> p = Place()
>>> p.has_changed
False
>>> p.changed_fields
[]
>>> p.rank = 42
>>> p.has_changed
True
>>> p.changed_fields
['rank']
>>> p.diff
{'rank': (0, 42)}
>>> p.categories = [1, 3, 5]
>>> p.diff
{'categories': (None, [1, 3, 5]), 'rank': (0, 42)}
>>> p.get_field_diff('categories')
(None, [1, 3, 5])
>>> p.get_field_diff('rank')
(0, 42)
>>>
Note
Please note that this solution works well in context of current request only. Thus it's suitable primarily for simple cases. In concurrent environment where multiple requests can manipulate the same model instance at the same time, you definitely need a different approach.
Best way is with a pre_save signal. May not have been an option back in '09 when this question was asked and answered, but anyone seeing this today should do it this way:
#receiver(pre_save, sender=MyModel)
def do_something_if_changed(sender, instance, **kwargs):
try:
obj = sender.objects.get(pk=instance.pk)
except sender.DoesNotExist:
pass # Object is new, so field hasn't technically changed, but you may want to do something else here.
else:
if not obj.some_field == instance.some_field: # Field has changed
# do something
And now for direct answer: one way to check if the value for the field has changed is to fetch original data from database before saving instance. Consider this example:
class MyModel(models.Model):
f1 = models.CharField(max_length=1)
def save(self, *args, **kw):
if self.pk is not None:
orig = MyModel.objects.get(pk=self.pk)
if orig.f1 != self.f1:
print 'f1 changed'
super(MyModel, self).save(*args, **kw)
The same thing applies when working with a form. You can detect it at the clean or save method of a ModelForm:
class MyModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
def clean(self):
cleaned_data = super(ProjectForm, self).clean()
#if self.has_changed(): # new instance or existing updated (form has data to save)
if self.instance.pk is not None: # new instance only
if self.instance.f1 != cleaned_data['f1']:
print 'f1 changed'
return cleaned_data
class Meta:
model = MyModel
exclude = []
Since Django 1.8 released, you can use from_db classmethod to cache old value of remote_image. Then in save method you can compare old and new value of field to check if the value has changed.
#classmethod
def from_db(cls, db, field_names, values):
new = super(Alias, cls).from_db(db, field_names, values)
# cache value went from the base
new._loaded_remote_image = values[field_names.index('remote_image')]
return new
def save(self, force_insert=False, force_update=False, using=None,
update_fields=None):
if (self._state.adding and self.remote_image) or \
(not self._state.adding and self._loaded_remote_image != self.remote_image):
# If it is first save and there is no cached remote_image but there is new one,
# or the value of remote_image has changed - do your stuff!
Note that field change tracking is available in django-model-utils.
https://django-model-utils.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html
If you are using a form, you can use Form's changed_data (docs):
class AliasForm(ModelForm):
def save(self, commit=True):
if 'remote_image' in self.changed_data:
# do things
remote_image = self.cleaned_data['remote_image']
do_things(remote_image)
super(AliasForm, self).save(commit)
class Meta:
model = Alias
I am a bit late to the party but I found this solution also:
Django Dirty Fields
Another late answer, but if you're just trying to see if a new file has been uploaded to a file field, try this: (adapted from Christopher Adams's comment on the link http://zmsmith.com/2010/05/django-check-if-a-field-has-changed/ in zach's comment here)
Updated link: https://web.archive.org/web/20130101010327/http://zmsmith.com:80/2010/05/django-check-if-a-field-has-changed/
def save(self, *args, **kw):
from django.core.files.uploadedfile import UploadedFile
if hasattr(self.image, 'file') and isinstance(self.image.file, UploadedFile) :
# Handle FileFields as special cases, because the uploaded filename could be
# the same as the filename that's already there even though there may
# be different file contents.
# if a file was just uploaded, the storage model with be UploadedFile
# Do new file stuff here
pass
There is an attribute __dict__ which have all the fields as the keys and value as the field values. So we can just compare two of them
Just change the save function of model to the function below
def save(self, force_insert=False, force_update=False, using=None, update_fields=None):
if self.pk is not None:
initial = A.objects.get(pk=self.pk)
initial_json, final_json = initial.__dict__.copy(), self.__dict__.copy()
initial_json.pop('_state'), final_json.pop('_state')
only_changed_fields = {k: {'final_value': final_json[k], 'initial_value': initial_json[k]} for k in initial_json if final_json[k] != initial_json[k]}
print(only_changed_fields)
super(A, self).save(force_insert=False, force_update=False, using=None, update_fields=None)
Example Usage:
class A(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=200, null=True, blank=True)
senior = models.CharField(choices=choices, max_length=3)
timestamp = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
def save(self, force_insert=False, force_update=False, using=None, update_fields=None):
if self.pk is not None:
initial = A.objects.get(pk=self.pk)
initial_json, final_json = initial.__dict__.copy(), self.__dict__.copy()
initial_json.pop('_state'), final_json.pop('_state')
only_changed_fields = {k: {'final_value': final_json[k], 'initial_value': initial_json[k]} for k in initial_json if final_json[k] != initial_json[k]}
print(only_changed_fields)
super(A, self).save(force_insert=False, force_update=False, using=None, update_fields=None)
yields output with only those fields that have been changed
{'name': {'initial_value': '1234515', 'final_value': 'nim'}, 'senior': {'initial_value': 'no', 'final_value': 'yes'}}
As of Django 1.8, there's the from_db method, as Serge mentions. In fact, the Django docs include this specific use case as an example:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/models/instances/#customizing-model-loading
Below is an example showing how to record the initial values of fields that are loaded from the database
This works for me in Django 1.8
def clean(self):
if self.cleaned_data['name'] != self.initial['name']:
# Do something
Very late to the game, but this is a version of Chris Pratt's answer that protects against race conditions while sacrificing performance, by using a transaction block and select_for_update()
#receiver(pre_save, sender=MyModel)
#transaction.atomic
def do_something_if_changed(sender, instance, **kwargs):
try:
obj = sender.objects.select_for_update().get(pk=instance.pk)
except sender.DoesNotExist:
pass # Object is new, so field hasn't technically changed, but you may want to do something else here.
else:
if not obj.some_field == instance.some_field: # Field has changed
# do something
You can use django-model-changes to do this without an additional database lookup:
from django.dispatch import receiver
from django_model_changes import ChangesMixin
class Alias(ChangesMixin, MyBaseModel):
# your model
#receiver(pre_save, sender=Alias)
def do_something_if_changed(sender, instance, **kwargs):
if 'remote_image' in instance.changes():
# do something
The optimal solution is probably one that does not include an additional database read operation prior to saving the model instance, nor any further django-library. This is why laffuste's solutions is preferable. In the context of an admin site, one can simply override the save_model-method, and invoke the form's has_changed method there, just as in Sion's answer above. You arrive at something like this, drawing on Sion's example setting but using changed_data to get every possible change:
class ModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
fields=['name','mode']
def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change):
form.changed_data #output could be ['name']
#do somethin the changed name value...
#call the super method
super(self,ModelAdmin).save_model(request, obj, form, change)
Override save_model:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/contrib/admin/#django.contrib.admin.ModelAdmin.save_model
Built-in changed_data-method for a Field:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/forms/api/#django.forms.Form.changed_data
While this doesn't actually answer your question, I'd go about this in a different way.
Simply clear the remote_image field after successfully saving the local copy. Then in your save method you can always update the image whenever remote_image isn't empty.
If you'd like to keep a reference to the url, you could use an non-editable boolean field to handle the caching flag rather than remote_image field itself.
I had this situation before my solution was to override the pre_save() method of the target field class it will be called only if the field has been changed
useful with FileField
example:
class PDFField(FileField):
def pre_save(self, model_instance, add):
# do some operations on your file
# if and only if you have changed the filefield
disadvantage:
not useful if you want to do any (post_save) operation like using the created object in some job (if certain field has changed)
I have extended the mixin of #livskiy as follows:
class ModelDiffMixin(models.Model):
"""
A model mixin that tracks model fields' values and provide some useful api
to know what fields have been changed.
"""
_dict = DictField(editable=False)
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(ModelDiffMixin, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self._initial = self._dict
#property
def diff(self):
d1 = self._initial
d2 = self._dict
diffs = [(k, (v, d2[k])) for k, v in d1.items() if v != d2[k]]
return dict(diffs)
#property
def has_changed(self):
return bool(self.diff)
#property
def changed_fields(self):
return self.diff.keys()
def get_field_diff(self, field_name):
"""
Returns a diff for field if it's changed and None otherwise.
"""
return self.diff.get(field_name, None)
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Saves model and set initial state.
"""
object_dict = model_to_dict(self,
fields=[field.name for field in self._meta.fields])
for field in object_dict:
# for FileFields
if issubclass(object_dict[field].__class__, FieldFile):
try:
object_dict[field] = object_dict[field].path
except :
object_dict[field] = object_dict[field].name
# TODO: add other non-serializable field types
self._dict = object_dict
super(ModelDiffMixin, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
class Meta:
abstract = True
and the DictField is:
class DictField(models.TextField):
__metaclass__ = models.SubfieldBase
description = "Stores a python dict"
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(DictField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def to_python(self, value):
if not value:
value = {}
if isinstance(value, dict):
return value
return json.loads(value)
def get_prep_value(self, value):
if value is None:
return value
return json.dumps(value)
def value_to_string(self, obj):
value = self._get_val_from_obj(obj)
return self.get_db_prep_value(value)
it can be used by extending it in your models
a _dict field will be added when you sync/migrate and that field will store the state of your objects
improving #josh answer for all fields:
class Person(models.Model):
name = models.CharField()
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(Person, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self._original_fields = dict([(field.attname, getattr(self, field.attname))
for field in self._meta.local_fields if not isinstance(field, models.ForeignKey)])
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
if self.id:
for field in self._meta.local_fields:
if not isinstance(field, models.ForeignKey) and\
self._original_fields[field.name] != getattr(self, field.name):
# Do Something
super(Person, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
just to clarify, the getattr works to get fields like person.name with strings (i.e. getattr(person, "name")
My take on #iperelivskiy's solution: on large scale, creating the _initial dict for every __init__ is expensive, and most of the time - unnecessary. I have changed the mixin slightly such that it records changes only when you explicitly tell it to do so (by calling instance.track_changes):
from typing import KeysView, Optional
from django.forms import model_to_dict
class TrackChangesMixin:
_snapshot: Optional[dict] = None
def track_changes(self):
self._snapshot = self.as_dict
#property
def diff(self) -> dict:
if self._snapshot is None:
raise ValueError("track_changes wasn't called, can't determine diff.")
d1 = self._snapshot
d2 = self.as_dict
diffs = [(k, (v, d2[k])) for k, v in d1.items() if str(v) != str(d2[k])]
return dict(diffs)
#property
def has_changed(self) -> bool:
return bool(self.diff)
#property
def changed_fields(self) -> KeysView:
return self.diff.keys()
#property
def as_dict(self) -> dict:
return model_to_dict(self, fields=[field.name for field in self._meta.fields])
I have found this package django-lifecycle.
It uses django signals to define #hook decorator, which is very robust and reliable. I used it and it is a bliss.
How about using David Cramer's solution:
http://cramer.io/2010/12/06/tracking-changes-to-fields-in-django/
I've had success using it like this:
#track_data('name')
class Mode(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=5)
mode = models.CharField(max_length=5)
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
if self.has_changed('name'):
print 'name changed'
# OR #
#classmethod
def post_save(cls, sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
if instance.has_changed('name'):
print "Hooray!"
A modification to #ivanperelivskiy's answer:
#property
def _dict(self):
ret = {}
for field in self._meta.get_fields():
if isinstance(field, ForeignObjectRel):
# foreign objects might not have corresponding objects in the database.
if hasattr(self, field.get_accessor_name()):
ret[field.get_accessor_name()] = getattr(self, field.get_accessor_name())
else:
ret[field.get_accessor_name()] = None
else:
ret[field.attname] = getattr(self, field.attname)
return ret
This uses django 1.10's public method get_fields instead. This makes the code more future proof, but more importantly also includes foreign keys and fields where editable=False.
For reference, here is the implementation of .fields
#cached_property
def fields(self):
"""
Returns a list of all forward fields on the model and its parents,
excluding ManyToManyFields.
Private API intended only to be used by Django itself; get_fields()
combined with filtering of field properties is the public API for
obtaining this field list.
"""
# For legacy reasons, the fields property should only contain forward
# fields that are not private or with a m2m cardinality. Therefore we
# pass these three filters as filters to the generator.
# The third lambda is a longwinded way of checking f.related_model - we don't
# use that property directly because related_model is a cached property,
# and all the models may not have been loaded yet; we don't want to cache
# the string reference to the related_model.
def is_not_an_m2m_field(f):
return not (f.is_relation and f.many_to_many)
def is_not_a_generic_relation(f):
return not (f.is_relation and f.one_to_many)
def is_not_a_generic_foreign_key(f):
return not (
f.is_relation and f.many_to_one and not (hasattr(f.remote_field, 'model') and f.remote_field.model)
)
return make_immutable_fields_list(
"fields",
(f for f in self._get_fields(reverse=False)
if is_not_an_m2m_field(f) and is_not_a_generic_relation(f) and is_not_a_generic_foreign_key(f))
)
as an extension of SmileyChris' answer, you can add a datetime field to the model for last_updated, and set some sort of limit for the max age you'll let it get to before checking for a change
The mixin from #ivanlivski is great.
I've extended it to
Ensure it works with Decimal fields.
Expose properties to simplify usage
The updated code is available here:
https://github.com/sknutsonsf/python-contrib/blob/master/src/django/utils/ModelDiffMixin.py
To help people new to Python or Django, I'll give a more complete example.
This particular usage is to take a file from a data provider and ensure the records in the database reflect the file.
My model object:
class Station(ModelDiffMixin.ModelDiffMixin, models.Model):
station_name = models.CharField(max_length=200)
nearby_city = models.CharField(max_length=200)
precipitation = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)
# <list of many other fields>
def is_float_changed (self,v1, v2):
''' Compare two floating values to just two digit precision
Override Default precision is 5 digits
'''
return abs (round (v1 - v2, 2)) > 0.01
The class that loads the file has these methods:
class UpdateWeather (object)
# other methods omitted
def update_stations (self, filename):
# read all existing data
all_stations = models.Station.objects.all()
self._existing_stations = {}
# insert into a collection for referencing while we check if data exists
for stn in all_stations.iterator():
self._existing_stations[stn.id] = stn
# read the file. result is array of objects in known column order
data = read_tabbed_file(filename)
# iterate rows from file and insert or update where needed
for rownum in range(sh.nrows):
self._update_row(sh.row(rownum));
# now anything remaining in the collection is no longer active
# since it was not found in the newest file
# for now, delete that record
# there should never be any of these if the file was created properly
for stn in self._existing_stations.values():
stn.delete()
self._num_deleted = self._num_deleted+1
def _update_row (self, rowdata):
stnid = int(rowdata[0].value)
name = rowdata[1].value.strip()
# skip the blank names where data source has ids with no data today
if len(name) < 1:
return
# fetch rest of fields and do sanity test
nearby_city = rowdata[2].value.strip()
precip = rowdata[3].value
if stnid in self._existing_stations:
stn = self._existing_stations[stnid]
del self._existing_stations[stnid]
is_update = True;
else:
stn = models.Station()
is_update = False;
# object is new or old, don't care here
stn.id = stnid
stn.station_name = name;
stn.nearby_city = nearby_city
stn.precipitation = precip
# many other fields updated from the file
if is_update == True:
# we use a model mixin to simplify detection of changes
# at the cost of extra memory to store the objects
if stn.has_changed == True:
self._num_updated = self._num_updated + 1;
stn.save();
else:
self._num_created = self._num_created + 1;
stn.save()
Here is another way of doing it.
class Parameter(models.Model):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(Parameter, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.__original_value = self.value
def clean(self,*args,**kwargs):
if self.__original_value == self.value:
print("igual")
else:
print("distinto")
def save(self,*args,**kwargs):
self.full_clean()
return super(Parameter, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
self.__original_value = self.value
key = models.CharField(max_length=24, db_index=True, unique=True)
value = models.CharField(max_length=128)
As per documentation: validating objects
"The second step full_clean() performs is to call Model.clean(). This method should be overridden to perform custom validation on your model.
This method should be used to provide custom model validation, and to modify attributes on your model if desired. For instance, you could use it to automatically provide a value for a field, or to do validation that requires access to more than a single field:"
If you do not find interest in overriding save method, you can do
model_fields = [f.name for f in YourModel._meta.get_fields()]
valid_data = {
key: new_data[key]
for key in model_fields
if key in new_data.keys()
}
for (key, value) in valid_data.items():
if getattr(instance, key) != value:
print ('Data has changed')
setattr(instance, key, value)
instance.save()
Sometimes I want to check for changes on the same specific fields on multiple models that share those fields, so I define a list of those fields and use a signal. In this case, geocoding addresses only if something has changed, or if the entry is new:
from django.db.models.signals import pre_save
from django.dispatch import receiver
#receiver(pre_save, sender=SomeUserProfileModel)
#receiver(pre_save, sender=SomePlaceModel)
#receiver(pre_save, sender=SomeOrganizationModel)
#receiver(pre_save, sender=SomeContactInfoModel)
def geocode_address(sender, instance, *args, **kwargs):
input_fields = ['address_line', 'address_line_2', 'city', 'state', 'postal_code', 'country']
try:
orig = sender.objects.get(id=instance.id)
if orig:
changes = 0
for field in input_fields:
if not (getattr(instance, field)) == (getattr(orig, field)):
changes += 1
if changes > 0:
# do something here because at least one field changed...
my_geocoder_function(instance)
except:
# do something here because there is no original, or pass.
my_geocoder_function(instance)
Writing it once and attaching with "#receiver" sure beats overriding multiple model save methods, but perhaps some others have better ideas.