Permutating a vector - c++

Question

I am trying to get every permutation of a vector but also with a divider that indicates sub-permutations. It seems there is a mistake in my code as you can see from my results the ending permutation.
0 1 3 2 | and 0 2 3 1 | and 0 3 2 1 | are all duplicated.
I am also curious if there is a way to do what I am trying to do that can accept a reference to the vector rather than making a copy.
IDEONE: http://ideone.com/fork/2v0wk3
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
void permute(vector<int> v, int path_length) {
do {
for(int i=0; i<=3; ++i) {
cout << v[i] << " ";
if(i == path_length-1)
cout << "| ";
}
cout << endl;
if(path_length == v.size()) {
cout << "====="<< endl;
return;
}
permute(v, path_length+1);
} while(next_permutation(v.begin()+path_length-1,v.end()));
}
int main() {
vector<int> v;
for(int i=0;i<=3;++i)
v.push_back(i);
int path_length = 2;
permute(v, path_length);
return 0;
}
Results:
0 1 | 2 3
0 1 2 | 3
0 1 2 3 |
=====
0 1 3 | 2
0 1 3 2 |
=====
0 1 | 3 2
0 1 3 | 2
0 1 3 2 |
=====
0 2 | 1 3
0 2 1 | 3
0 2 1 3 |
=====
0 2 3 | 1
0 2 3 1 |
=====
0 2 | 3 1
0 2 3 | 1
0 2 3 1 |
=====
0 3 | 1 2
0 3 1 | 2
0 3 1 2 |
=====
0 3 2 | 1
0 3 2 1 |
=====
0 3 | 2 1
0 3 2 | 1
0 3 2 1 |
=====
Expected Results:
0 1 | 2 3
0 1 2 | 3
0 1 2 3 |
=====
0 1 3 | 2
0 1 3 2 |
=====
0 2 | 1 3
0 2 1 | 3
0 2 1 3 |
=====
0 2 3 | 1
0 2 3 1 |
=====
0 3 | 1 2
0 3 1 | 2
0 3 1 2 |
=====
0 3 2 | 1
0 3 2 1 |
=====

Answer 1

Consider another way to generate every sequence you need.
We will have a vector <int> cur to store the current sequence, and a vector <bool> used to track which integers are used and which are not.
In a recursive function with a depth argument, find another unused integer, put it as cur[depth] and proceed considering the next position, which is depth + 1.
Print the result anytime the depth is in the required bounds.
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int const n = 3;
void generate (vector <int> & cur, vector <bool> & used, int depth) {
if (depth >= 2) {
for (int i = 0; i < depth; i++) {
cout << cur[i] << ' ';
}
cout << endl;
}
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
if (!used[i]) {
used[i] = true;
cur[depth] = i;
generate (cur, used, depth + 1);
used[i] = false;
}
}
}
int main () {
vector <int> cur (n);
vector <bool> used (n, false);
cur[0] = 0;
used[0] = true;
generate (cur, used, 1);
return 0;
}
And the output is:
0 1
0 1 2
0 1 2 3
0 1 3
0 1 3 2
0 2
0 2 1
0 2 1 3
0 2 3
0 2 3 1
0 3
0 3 1
0 3 1 2
0 3 2
0 3 2 1
You can add the ===== part, too, if you print it when depth > n.

Answer 2

Your question is not very clear to me. You can use the not so well known next permutation from the STL :
std::vector<int> my_vector = { 1 , 5 , 7 , 2 , 3 , 10};
std::sort(my_vector.begin(), my_vector.end());
do {
std::copy(my_vector.begin(), my_vector.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << std::endl;
} while(std::next_permutation(my_vector.begin(), my_vector.end()));
1 - Sort the vector
2 - Iterate over the permutations
(the do while just print it with a copy to the cout)
I'm not wure of what you call "sub" permutations, are you just moving the "|" inside each permutation ?