Okay, so my program opens a file, reads in xyz-points, then draws a line strip out of it. I originally had this program written in SharpGL (implemnted as WPF window) and it worked, but not well due to using immediate mode, so I have moved onto OpenGL in C++. I have (somewhat) figured out VBO's and I now I am trying to add mouse functionality now. My problem is I can't move the picture with my mouse, I want to be able to click and 'drag' the picture. My mouseClickFunc and mouseMotion work (my cout statements execute), however it seems like my translate call is never being executed (i.e. the picture starts partially 'clipped' in the scene and I would like the ability to drag it and center it). I know this is a shot in the dark but I am really not sure what to do.
MotionFunc:
void mouseMotion(int x, int y)
{
if (moveable)
{
xMove += xTransform(x) - xTransform(xDown);
yMove += yTransform(y) - yTransform(yDown);
xDown = x;
yDown = y;
cout << yMove << "---" << xMove << endl;
glutSwapBuffers();
glutPostRedisplay();
}
}
Display Function:
void RenderFunction(void)
{
++FrameCount;
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glOrtho(xMin - 1, xMax + 1, yMin - 1, yMax + 1, -diameter * zScale, diameter * zScale);
// Reset the modelview matrix.
glLoadIdentity();
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(xMove, -yMove, 0);
//glViewport((GLint)xMove*100, (GLint)-yMove*100, CurrentWidth, CurrentHeight);
//glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glDrawArrays(GL_LINE_STRIP, 0, 29000);
glPopMatrix();
glutSwapBuffers();
glutPostRedisplay();
}
I am sure there is more code that I need to show, this is just where I think the problem is. Any help would be greatly appreciated.
Here is a picture of a console output and the screen (OpenGL context) as I see it.
UPDATE: Updated my code. It looks like my coordinates are moving, but the picture is not if that makes sense. If you look at my output, if I keep 'dragging' the picture, you can see in the console that the variable xMove and yMove can get as large or small as they want, again translate is just never moving it.
You pop your matrix before drawing things, which resets the matrix to the state of last push matrix. Move glPopMatrix(); below draw call
You're popping the matrix before you call glDrawArrays(), so this naturally negates the effect of the translation. It also negates the glOrtho() call, but that should be issued on the projection matrix and not on the modelview matrix in the first place.
And, of course, the problem is in your code, and not in OpenGL.
In this code excerpt :
glLoadIdentity();
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(xMove, -yMove, 0);
//glViewport((GLint)xMove*100, (GLint)-yMove*100, CurrentWidth, CurrentHeight);
glOrtho(xMin - 1, xMax + 1, yMin - 1, yMax + 1, -diameter * zScale, diameter * zScale);
glPopMatrix();
//glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glDrawArrays(GL_LINE_STRIP, 0, 29000);
you are :
setting the identity as the view matrix
push it into the queue
modify it by glTranslate
pop it of the stack
render the image
Therefore, your translation is ignored.
This is correct operation :
glLoadIdentity();
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(xMove, -yMove, 0);
//glViewport((GLint)xMove*100, (GLint)-yMove*100, CurrentWidth, CurrentHeight);
glOrtho(xMin - 1, xMax + 1, yMin - 1, yMax + 1, -diameter * zScale, diameter * zScale);
//glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glDrawArrays(GL_LINE_STRIP, 0, 29000);
glPopMatrix();
You are multiplying projection before translation, remember to always read matrix transformation from bottome to top in OpenGL 1.1 which you should upgrade IMO. Another issue is that you are poping the matrix before drawing.
Correct code:
//glViewport((GLint)xMove*100, (GLint)-yMove*100, CurrentWidth, CurrentHeight);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glOrtho(xMin - 1, xMax + 1, yMin - 1, yMax + 1, -diameter * zScale, diameter * zScale);
// Reset the modelview matrix.
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(xMove, -yMove, 0);
//glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glDrawArrays(GL_LINE_STRIP, 0, 29000);
glPopMatrix();
Related
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<GL/glut.h>
double cameraAngle;
void grid_and_axes() {
// draw the three major AXES
glBegin(GL_LINES);
//X axis
glColor3f(0, 1, 0); //100% Green
glVertex3f(-150, 0, 0);
glVertex3f(150, 0, 0);
//Y axis
glColor3f(0, 0, 1); //100% Blue
glVertex3f(0, -150, 0); // intentionally extended to -150 to 150, no big deal
glVertex3f(0, 150, 0);
//Z axis
glColor3f(1, 1, 1); //100% White
glVertex3f(0, 0, -150);
glVertex3f(0, 0, 150);
glEnd();
//some gridlines along the field
int i;
glColor3f(0.5, 0.5, 0.5); //grey
glBegin(GL_LINES);
for (i = -10; i <= 10; i++) {
if (i == 0)
continue; //SKIP the MAIN axes
//lines parallel to Y-axis
glVertex3f(i * 10, -100, 0);
glVertex3f(i * 10, 100, 0);
//lines parallel to X-axis
glVertex3f(-100, i * 10, 0);
glVertex3f(100, i * 10, 0);
}
glEnd();
}
void display() {
//codes for Models, Camera
//clear the display
//glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 0); //color black
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); //clear buffers to preset values
/***************************
/ set-up camera (view) here
****************************/
//load the correct matrix -- MODEL-VIEW matrix
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); //specify which matrix is the current matrix
//initialize the matrix
glLoadIdentity(); //replace the current matrix with the identity matrix [Diagonals have 1, others have 0]
//now give three info
//1. where is the camera (viewer)?
//2. where is the camera looking?
//3. Which direction is the camera's UP direction?
//gluLookAt(0,-150,20, 0,0,0, 0,0,1);
gluLookAt(150 * sin(cameraAngle), -150 * cos(cameraAngle), 50, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1);
/*************************
/ Grid and axes Lines
**************************/
grid_and_axes();
/****************************
/ Add your objects from here
****************************/
/*glColor3f(1, 0, 0);
glutSolidCone(20, 20, 20, 20);
glColor3f(0, 0, 1);
GLUquadricObj *cyl = gluNewQuadric();
gluCylinder(cyl, 10, 10, 50, 20, 20);
glTranslatef(0, 0, 50);
glColor3f(1, 0, 0);
glutSolidCone(10, 20, 20, 20);
*/
glColor3f(1, 0, 0);
glutSolidCube(1);
I am not getting any cube here.
However if I use any transformation property like scaling or rotate then I get the desired cube like
glColor3f(1, 0, 0);
glScalef(50,5,60);
glutSolidCube(1);
what is the problem?
Another problem I am facing that color doesn't work if i don't use transformation property like above mentioned. If I write:
glColor3f(1, 0, 0);
glutSolidCone(20, 20, 20, 20);
For above codes color doesn't work; i get the default colored cone
However if I change this two lines to these 3 lines then color works perfectly:
glColor3f(1,0,0);
glTranslatef(0, 0, 50);
glutSolidCone(10,20,20,20);
then color works; what is the problem? Please help
//ADD this line in the end --- if you use double buffer (i.e. GL_DOUBLE)
glutSwapBuffers();
}
void animate() {
//codes for any changes in Models, Camera
cameraAngle += 0.001; // camera will rotate at 0.002 radians per frame.
//codes for any changes in Models
//MISSING SOMETHING? -- YES: add the following
glutPostRedisplay(); //this will call the display AGAIN
}
void init() {
//codes for initialization
cameraAngle = 0; //angle in radian
//clear the screen
glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 0);
/************************
/ set-up projection here
************************/
//load the PROJECTION matrix
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
//initialize the matrix
glLoadIdentity();
/*
gluPerspective() — set up a perspective projection matrix
fovy - Specifies the field of view angle, in degrees, in the y direction.
aspect ratio - Specifies the aspect ratio that determines the field of view in the x direction. The aspect ratio is the ratio of x (width) to y (height).
zNear - Specifies the distance from the viewer to the near clipping plane (always positive).
zFar - Specifies the distance from the viewer to the far clipping plane (always positive).
*/
gluPerspective(70, 1, 0.1, 10000.0);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
glutInit(&argc, argv); //initialize the GLUT library
glutInitWindowSize(500, 500);
glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);
/*
glutInitDisplayMode - inits display mode
GLUT_DOUBLE - allows for display on the double buffer window
GLUT_RGBA - shows color (Red, green, blue) and an alpha
GLUT_DEPTH - allows for depth buffer
*/
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB);
glutCreateWindow("Some Title");
init(); //codes for initialization
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); //enable Depth Testing
glutDisplayFunc(display); //display callback function
glutIdleFunc(animate); //what you want to do in the idle time (when no drawing is occuring)
glutMainLoop(); //The main loop of OpenGL
return 0;
}
I am not getting any cube here.
You do get a cube. It is just that tiny speck where the axis intersect. What else would you expect to see when you draw something 2 units big, ~160 units away, with a 70 degree field of view?
Another problem I am facing that color doesn't work if i don't use transformation property like above mentioned.
[...] I get the default colored cone.
I've no idea what you even mean by that. The "default color" would be the initial value of GL's builtin color attribute - which is (1, 1, 1, 1) - white. With the code you have set up, you will get the color which you set before. So the only guess I can make here is that you confused yourself by not properly taking GL's state machine into account.
But besides all that, you should not use that code at all - this is using the fixed function pipeline and immediate mode drawing - features which are deprecated since a decade now, and not supported at all by modern core profiles of OpenGL. Trying to learn that stuff in 2017 is a waste of time. And btw:
glutMainLoop(); //The main loop of OpenGL
Nope. Just NO!!!. OpenGL does not have a "main loop". GLUT is not OpenGL. Honestly, this is all just horrible.
I am trying to render a rectangle onto the screen. When the program is run, only the clear color shows up, and no rectangle.
Here's the code:
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glViewport(0, 0, 1280, 720);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glOrtho(0, 1280, 720, 0, -10, 10);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT || GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); //Clear the screen and depth buffer
int x = 100;
int y = 100;
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
glfwPollEvents();
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glVertex2f(x, y);
glVertex2f(x + 10, y);
glVertex2f(x + 10, y + 10);
glVertex2f(x, y + 10);
glEnd();
gsm->update();
gsm->render();
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
}
It got culled. You had inverted Y axis with your projection, by supplying bottom =720 larger than top 0. Your quad is counterclockwise in your local coordinates, but in normalized coordinates it is clockwise. Remember, projection matrix is a part of global transform matrix! Now, if that's default state, then out of those two winding directions
the GL_CCW is the actual one, it is considered "Front". By default OpenGL culls triangles with mode glCullFace(GL_BACK), and quad internally is considered as pair of triangles).
Either change order of vertices
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glVertex2f(x, y);
glVertex2f(x, y + 10);
glVertex2f(x + 10, y + 10);
glVertex2f(x + 10, y);
glEnd();
or change culling mode to match left-handedness of your coordinate system or disable culling.
See also:
1. https://www.khronos.org/opengl/wiki/Viewing_and_Transformations
2. The answer to Is OpenGL coordinate system left-handed or right-handed?
I have the following code that takes snapshots to the framebuffer. I verified the framebuffer works correctly and the camera is facing the object correctly. I used to get pictures done correctly, but it was based on faulty code, using the wrong frustum. So I decided to start fresh (with the frustums).
The object is centered at the middle and is 32*32 blocks with each block 2*2, so 64 * 64.
My distance is 100 and my viewport is 128x256. My frustum is 1 to 1000.0.
I'm relatively new to Opengl so I'm having trouble understanding the concepts of frustrums and perspectives fully.
I do not get a picture at all.
saveGLState();
const int nrPics = 360 / DEGREES_BETWEEN_PICTURES;
for (int i = 0; i < nrPics; i++) {
catchFbo->bind();
glViewport(0, 0, PICTURE_WIDTH, PICTURE_HEIGHT);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
float rat = PICTURE_WIDTH / PICTURE_HEIGHT;
glFrustum(- 1.0, + 1.0, - rat, + rat, 1.0, 1000.0);
gluPerspective(90.0f,rat,CAPT_FRUSTRUM_NEAR,CAPT_FRUSTRUM_FAR);
glColorMask(true, true, true, true);
glClearColor(0,0,0,0);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);
glEnable(GL_MULTISAMPLE);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
drawScreenshot(i);
catchFbo->release();
QImage catchImage = catchFbo->toImage();
catchImage.save("object/test" + QString::number(i) + ".png");
}
glDisable(GL_MULTISAMPLE);
restoreGLState();
void VoxelEditor::saveGLState()
{
glPushAttrib(GL_ALL_ATTRIB_BITS);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glPushMatrix();
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glPushMatrix();
}
void VoxelEditor::restoreGLState()
{
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glPopMatrix();
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glPopMatrix();
glPopAttrib();
}
EDIT: I tried using only glFrustum or glPerspective. No luck.
You shouldn't use both glFrustum and gluProjection. They both are operations which setup the projection matrix, and if you use them together you'll multiply them together and get a weird result. Generally you'd just apply glFrustum OR gluProjection on an identity matrix, not both.
If that doesn't solve the problem, what are your values of NEAR, FAR, WIDTH, and HEIGHT?
Also make sure you're not doing integer divide for your screen ratio (a common bug).
I am trying to set up a Picture in picture style "map" display for a graphics program that displays a car. (Just shows the view from top again in a smaller view port.) However, the second viewport seems to flicker. I thought I was doing this correctly, but I may be not conceptualizing this correctly.
void display(void) {
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT|GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT);
// Set Perspective
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluPerspective(fov, aspect, near, far);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glViewport(0, 0, 500, 500);
// Lighting follows Camera if inserted here.
//Set Camera
calculateCamera();
gluLookAt(eyeX + carPosX, eyeY + carPosY, eyeZ + carPosZ, cX + carPosX,
cY + carPosY, cZ + carPosZ, 0, 1, 0);
displayEnvironment();
glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
// Set Perspective
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluPerspective(fov, aspect, near, far);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glViewport(0,0,150,150);
gluLookAt(0, 140, 0,0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0);
displayEnvironment();
}
Where/when are you swapping buffers? Maybe you're not waiting for the render to finish?
I have an object moving back and forth on the x axis, however i cant position it further right along the x axis.
this is my code, how do i do it?
float moveRad = 0.0;
moveRad = moveBee * (PI/180.0);
moveBee += 0.1;
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(50.0 * sinf(moveRad), -100,0);
e[0] = new Platform(0, 0, 0, 40, 33, 40, 33, 00, textures[23], (50.0 * sinf(moveRad)), -100);
glPopMatrix();
Platform.cpp creates the object like so:
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0); glVertex2f(x1,y1);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0); glVertex2f(x2,y2);
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0); glVertex2f(x3,y3);
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0); glVertex2f(x4,y4);
glEnd();
I have the feeling you suffer from a misconception of how OpenGL works. You wrote "Platform.cpp creates the object like so:" and in the code snippet before I can see you're creating the instance of some Plattform class surrounded by OpenGL matrix stack operations. I suspect you assumed that OpenGL would somehow "store" this "object". This is not how OpenGL works You're thinking in terms of a scene graph. OpenGL is not a scene graph.
OpenGL is a drawing API. The calls
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0); glVertex2f(x1,y1);
glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0); glVertex2f(x2,y2);
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0); glVertex2f(x3,y3);
glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0); glVertex2f(x4,y4);
glEnd();
draw a quad to the screen. Again: They draw it. After those commands have been issued they are gone and forgotten by OpenGL. The OpenGL transformation matrices are used for transforming the drawing commands' input data. But again there's no persistency. The drawing commands have to be issued for every frame drawn. I first thought I could rewrite some of your code, but it needs to be rewritten ground up, if I may say so.
The typical OpenGL program looks like this (I liberally omit all the class and type definitions and expect some common sense interpreting the variable, member and method names).
/* draw_scene is called on every iteration of the program main loop or
the drawing callback handler to update the screen */
void Scene::draw_scene(ScreenInfo si)
{
glViewport(si.viewport.x, si.viewport.y, si.viewport.width, si.viewport.height);
glClearColor(this->clear.r, this->clear.g, this->clear.b, this->clear.a);
glClearDepth(this->clear.d);
glColorMask(GL_TRUE, GL_TRUE, GL_TRUE, GL_TRUE);
glDepthMask(GL_TRUE);
glClear( (this->clear.color ? GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) |
(this->clear.depth ? GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BTT) );
std::list<SceneObjects*> objects_by_distance =
sort_objects_by_direction(scene->objects,
scene->active_camera->position
scene->active_camera->direction);
SceneObjects *closest_object = objects_by_distance.front();
SceneObjects *farthest_object = objects_by_distance.back();
float near_clip = max(NEAR_CLIP_LIMIT,
length(closest_object->position - scene->active_camera->position)
- closest_object->bounding_sphere.radius );
float far_clip = min(FAR_CLIP_LIMIT,
length(farthest_object->position - scene->active_camera->position)
+ farthest_object->bounding_sphere.radius );
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
switch( scene->projection.type ) {
case Projection::perspective: {
gluPerspective( scene->projection.fov,
(float)si.viewport.width/(float)si.viewport.height,
near_clip, far_clip);
} break;
case Projection::orthographic: {
float aspect = (float)si.viewport.width/(float)si.viewport.height;
glOrtho( -0.5 * scene->projection.size * aspect, 0.5 * scene->projection.size * aspect
-0.5 * scene->projection.size 0.5 * scene->projection.size );
} break;
}
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
/* I normally disregard using gluLookAt, but in this case I use it
to show as much as possible! */
gluLookAt( scene->active_camera->position.x, scene->active_camera->position.y, scene->active_camera->position.z,
scene->active_camera->position.x + scene->active_camera->direction.x,
scene->active_camera->position.y + scene->active_camera->direction.y,
scene->active_camera->position.z + scene->active_camera->direction.z,
scene->active_camera->up.x, scene->active_camera->up.y, scene->active_camera->up.z );
for_each(scene->objects.begin(), scene->objects.end(), draw_object)
}
void draw_object(SceneObject *object)
{
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(object->position.x, object->position.y, object->position.z);
glRotatef(object->rotation.axis.angle, object->rotation.axis.x, object->rotation.axis.y, object->rotation.axis.z);
GLfloat *(vertex_ptr[3][3]) = object->mesh->vertices;
GLuint *vertex_indices = object->mesh->face_vertex_indices;
#ifdef USE_IMMEDIATE_MODE
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
for(int i = 0; i < object->mesh->face_count; i++) {
glNormalfv(&vertex_ptr[vertex_indices[i]][0]);
glTexCoord3fv(&vertex_ptr[vertex_indices[i]][1]);
glVertex3fv(&vertex_ptr[vertex_indices[i]][2]);
glNormalfv(&vertex_ptr[vertex_indices[i+1]][0]);
glTexCoord3fv(&vertex_ptr[vertex_indices[i+1]][1]);
glVertex3fv(&vertex_ptr[vertex_indices[i+1]][2]);
glNormalfv(&vertex_ptr[vertex_indices[i+2]][0]);
glTexCoord3fv(&vertex_ptr[vertex_indices[i+2]][1]);
glVertex3fv(&vertex_ptr[vertex_indices[i+2]][2]);
}
glEnd();
#else
glEnableClientState(GL_NORMAL_ARRAY);
glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
/* This is direct vertex array mode.
A more modern approach is using Vertex Buffer Objects, which reused this
API, but adds further function calls. */
glNormalPointer(GL_FLOAT, 3*3*sizeof(GLfloat), &vertex_ptr[0][0]);
glTexCoordPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 3*3*sizeof(GLfloat), &vertex_ptr[0][1]);
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 3*3*sizeof(GLfloat), &vertex_ptr[0][2]);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, object->mesh->face_count*3, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, vertex_indices);
#endif
glPopMatrix();
}
This is the most basic way use OpenGL seriously. I wrote it in this detail to give you the idea how to use it, and how it works.
Why don't you adjust the x-axis scaling in your call to glTranslatef?
glTranslatef(amplitude * sinf(moveRad), -100,0);
I have a feeling you don't know exactly what your code is doing (correct me if I'm wrong). If you want to move it to the right just add a number in here.
glTranslatef(50.0 * sinf(moveRad) + 30, -100,0);
I'll update my answer if neccesary.
I think your problem is the '50.0 * sinf(moveRad)' - that will oscilate between -50 and 50. Try adding a value instead of or as well as multiplying it.