c++11 sorting list using lambda - c++

Question

While practicing the use of lambdas, I wrote this program which is supposed to sort a list of pairs by their second element (an int).
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <list>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
list<pair <string, int>> s = {{"two", 2}, {"one", 1}, {"three", 3}};
sort(s.begin(), s.end(), [](pair<string,int> a, pair<string, int> b) -> bool {
return (a.second) > (b.second);
});
for_each(s.begin(), s.end(), [](pair<string, int> a) {
cout << a.first << " " << a.second << endl;
});
}
I get those errors, though:
c:\qt\qt5.2.0\tools\mingw48_32\lib\gcc\i686-w64-mingw32\4.8.0\include\c++\bits\stl_algo.h:5513: error: no match for 'operator-' (operand types are 'std::_List_iterator<std::pair<std::basic_string<char>, int> >' and 'std::_List_iterator<std::pair<std::basic_string<char>, int> >')
std::__lg(__last - __first) * 2, __comp);
^
c:\qt\qt5.2.0\tools\mingw48_32\lib\gcc\i686-w64-mingw32\4.8.0\include\c++\bits\stl_algo.h:2245: ошибка: 'void std::__final_insertion_sort(_RandomAccessIterator, _RandomAccessIterator, _Compare) [with _RandomAccessIterator = std::_List_iterator<std::pair<std::basic_string<char>, int> >; _Compare = main()::__lambda0]', declared using local type 'main()::__lambda0', is used but never defined [-fpermissive]
__final_insertion_sort(_RandomAccessIterator __first,
^
What is wrong with my code?

Answer 1

You may not use std::sort with sequential containers such as std::list or std::forward_list because they have no random access iterator that is required by the standard algorithm std::sort. By this reason the both containers have their own member functions sort.
In you case the code will look the following way:
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
list<pair <string, int>> s = {{"two", 2}, {"one", 1}, {"three", 3}};
s.sort( []( const pair<string,int> &a, const pair<string,int> &b ) { return a.second > b.second; } );
for ( const auto &p : s )
{
cout << p.first << " " << p.second << endl;
}
}
Take into account that you need to include header <string> otherwise your program will not be compiled with other compilers.

Answer 2

std::sort requires random access iterators, which std::list does not have. But you can use std::list::sort instead.
s.sort([](const pair<string,int>& a, const pair<string,int>& b)
{
return (a.second) > (b.second);
});
where I have made the parameters of the predicate const references, since there is no need to copy them, and doing so might incur some unnecessary overhead.