Thread in C++ in MacOS X - c++

I'm trying to run some code using threads in standard C++ (installed with XCode) in MacOS X Mavericks. But I'm getting some errors. Here's a minimal working example:
#include <thread>
#include <iostream>
void run (int x) {
std::cout<<".";
}
int main (int argc, char const *argv[])
{
std::thread t(run);
}
The error I'm getting:
minimal.cpp:10:17: error: no matching constructor for initialization of 'std::thread'
std::thread t(run,0);
^ ~~~~~
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/c++/v1/thread:372:9: note: candidate constructor template not viable: requires single argument '__f', but 2 arguments
were provided
thread::thread(_Fp __f)
^
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/c++/v1/thread:261:5: note: candidate constructor not viable: requires 1 argument, but 2 were provided
thread(const thread&);
^
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/c++/v1/thread:268:5: note: candidate constructor not viable: requires 0 arguments, but 2 were provided
thread() _NOEXCEPT : __t_(0) {}
^
1 error generated.
I've been able to track the problem to my compiler defining _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_VARIADICS, which is defined because of
#if !(__has_feature(cxx_variadic_templates))
#define _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_VARIADICS
#endif
Any help would be appreciated.
Thank you!

Thanks to pwny and PeterT, I figured out the error.
I just needed to compile with clang++ -std=c++11 minimal.cpp and it worked like a charm.
I also needed a t.join() at the end to prevent an execution error to happen.

i'm getting different std::thread behaviour running same app. on xcode or instruments (profiling), on xcode the single thread/multithread ratio is 0.6 and in instruments is 3.7 using a 4 thread array,
how is this possible?
Xcode run:
st...ok - lap: 4875 ms
st/8...ok - lap: 1205 ms
mt...ok - lap: 8330 ms
st/mt ratio:**0.6**
Instruments run:
st...ok - lap: 2182 ms
st/8...ok - lap: 545 ms
mt...ok - lap: 596 ms
st/mt ratio:**3.7**

Related

Compiling basic program gives ridiculously long output

The code :
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "this file works";
return 0;
}
Compiler output was ridiculously long. Some 114000 characters long. This is only a portion of it.
Compiler output on compilation :
C:/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/fs_path.h:174:5: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::basic_string_view<wchar_t>' to 'std::filesystem::__cxx11::path::string_type&&' {aka 'std::__cxx11::basic_string<wchar_t>&&'}
C:/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/fs_path.h:167:5: note: candidate: 'std::filesystem::__cxx11::path::path(std::filesystem::__cxx11::path&&)'
path(path&& __p) noexcept
^~~~
C:/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/fs_path.h:167:5: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::basic_string_view<wchar_t>' to 'std::filesystem::__cxx11::path&&'
C:/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/fs_path.h:165:5: note: candidate: 'std::filesystem::__cxx11::path::path(const std::filesystem::__cxx11::path&)'
path(const path& __p) = default;
^~~~
C:/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/fs_path.h:165:5: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'std::basic_string_view<wchar_t>' to 'const std::filesystem::__cxx11::path&'
C:/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/fs_path.h:163:5: note: candidate: 'std::filesystem::__cxx11::path::path()'
path() noexcept { }
^~~~
C:/mingw-w64/x86_64-8.1.0-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/include/c++/bits/fs_path.h:163:5: note: candidate expects 0 arguments, 1 provided
The terminal process terminated with exit code: 1
Terminal will be reused by tasks, press any key to close it.
So, what you are seeing is an error message, not an output.
If the file bits/stdc++.h is not a file that you created,
then what you need to do is to replace
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
with
#include <iostream>
and that's gonna solve it for you.

Platformio compile error: ArduinoJson6100_100::DynamicJsonDocument has no member named 'nestingLimit'

I'm new to c++, and trying to compile simple arduino project in the Platformio.
platformio.ini file:
[platformio]
src_dir = .
lib_extra_dirs = .piolibdeps/, ../../
[env:nodemcuv2]
platform = espressif8266
board = nodemcuv2
framework = arduino
lib_deps =
# PubSubClient
painlessMesh
main.ino file:
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <painlessMesh.h>
void setup()
{
}
void loop()
{
}
Should be something simple, but I'm getting next error:
'ArduinoJson6100_100::DynamicJsonDocument' has no member named
'nestingLimit'
Full compiler stack:
Executing task in folder test4: platformio run <
Processing nodemcuv2 (platform: espressif8266; board: nodemcuv2;
framework: arduino)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Verbose mode can be enabled via -v, --verbose option CONFIGURATION:
https://docs.platformio.org/page/boards/espressif8266/nodemcuv2.html
PLATFORM: Espressif 8266 > NodeMCU 1.0 (ESP-12E Module) HARDWARE:
ESP8266 80MHz 80KB RAM (4MB Flash) Converting main.ino Library
Dependency Finder -> LDF MODES:
FINDER(chain) COMPATIBILITY(soft) Collected 35 compatible libraries
Scanning dependencies... Dependency Graph |-- 1.3.0 |
|-- 6.10.0 | |-- 3.0.2 | |--
1.2.0 | | |-- 1.0 | |--
1.0 Compiling .pioenvs/nodemcuv2/src/main.ino.cpp.o
Generating LD script
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/ld/local.eagle.app.v6.common.ld Archiving
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/libef5/libArduinoJson_ID64.a Archiving
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/libca3/libTaskScheduler_ID721.a Indexing
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/libef5/libArduinoJson_ID64.a Indexing
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/libca3/libTaskScheduler_ID721.a Compiling
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib6c2/ESP8266WiFi/BearSSLHelpers.cpp.o Compiling
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib6c2/ESP8266WiFi/CertStoreBearSSL.cpp.o Compiling
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib6c2/ESP8266WiFi/ESP8266WiFi.cpp.o Compiling
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib6c2/ESP8266WiFi/ESP8266WiFiAP.cpp.o Compiling
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib6c2/ESP8266WiFi/ESP8266WiFiGeneric.cpp.o
Compiling .pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib6c2/ESP8266WiFi/ESP8266WiFiMulti.cpp.o
Compiling
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib6c2/ESP8266WiFi/ESP8266WiFiSTA-WPS.cpp.o
Compiling .pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib6c2/ESP8266WiFi/ESP8266WiFiSTA.cpp.o
Compiling .pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib6c2/ESP8266WiFi/ESP8266WiFiScan.cpp.o
Compiling .pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib6c2/ESP8266WiFi/WiFiClient.cpp.o
Compiling
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib6c2/ESP8266WiFi/WiFiClientSecureAxTLS.cpp.o
Compiling
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib6c2/ESP8266WiFi/WiFiClientSecureBearSSL.cpp.o
Compiling .pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib6c2/ESP8266WiFi/WiFiServer.cpp.o
Compiling
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib6c2/ESP8266WiFi/WiFiServerSecureAxTLS.cpp.o
Compiling
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib6c2/ESP8266WiFi/WiFiServerSecureBearSSL.cpp.o
Compiling .pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib6c2/ESP8266WiFi/WiFiUdp.cpp.o
Compiling
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib129/ESPAsyncTCP_ID305/AsyncPrinter.cpp.o
Compiling
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib129/ESPAsyncTCP_ID305/ESPAsyncTCP.cpp.o
Compiling
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib129/ESPAsyncTCP_ID305/ESPAsyncTCPbuffer.cpp.o
Archiving .pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib6c2/libESP8266WiFi.a Indexing
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib6c2/libESP8266WiFi.a Compiling
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib129/ESPAsyncTCP_ID305/SyncClient.cpp.o Compiling
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib129/ESPAsyncTCP_ID305/tcp_axtls.c.o Compiling
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib3f1/painlessMesh_ID1269/TaskScheduler.cpp.o
Compiling
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib3f1/painlessMesh_ID1269/painlessMesh.cpp.o
Compiling
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib3f1/painlessMesh_ID1269/painlessMeshAP.cpp.o
Archiving .pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib129/libESPAsyncTCP_ID305.a Indexing
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib129/libESPAsyncTCP_ID305.a Compiling
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib3f1/painlessMesh_ID1269/painlessMeshComm.cpp.o
Compiling
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib3f1/painlessMesh_ID1269/painlessMeshConnection.cpp.o
Compiling
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib3f1/painlessMesh_ID1269/painlessMeshDebug.cpp.o
Compiling
.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib3f1/painlessMesh_ID1269/painlessMeshJson.cpp.o
.piolibdeps/painlessMesh_ID1269/src/painlessMeshComm.cpp: In member
function 'String painlessMesh::buildMeshPackage(uint32_t, uint32_t,
meshPackageType, String&)':
.piolibdeps/painlessMesh_ID1269/src/painlessMeshComm.cpp:68:25: error:
no matching function for call to
'ArduinoJson6100_100::BasicJsonDocument::BasicJsonDocument()'
DynamicJsonDocument jsonBuffer; ^
.piolibdeps/painlessMesh_ID1269/src/painlessMeshComm.cpp:68:25: note:
candidates are: In file included from
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson/Document/DynamicJsonDocument.hpp:7:0,
from .piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson.hpp:21, from
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson.h:9, from
.piolibdeps/painlessMesh_ID1269/src/painlessMesh.h:12, from
.piolibdeps/painlessMesh_ID1269/src/painlessMeshComm.cpp:8:
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson/Document/BasicJsonDocument.hpp:50:3:
note:
ArduinoJson6100_100::BasicJsonDocument::BasicJsonDocument(ArduinoJson6100_100::VariantRef)
[with TAllocator = ArduinoJson6100_100::DefaultAllocator]
BasicJsonDocument(VariantRef src) ^
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson/Document/BasicJsonDocument.hpp:50:3:
note: candidate expects 1 argument, 0 provided
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson/Document/BasicJsonDocument.hpp:43:3:
note: template
ArduinoJson6100_100::BasicJsonDocument::BasicJsonDocument(const
T&, typename
ArduinoJson6100_100::enable_if::value>::type*)
BasicJsonDocument(const T& src, ^
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson/Document/BasicJsonDocument.hpp:43:3:
note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
.piolibdeps/painlessMesh_ID1269/src/painlessMeshComm.cpp:68:25: note:
candidate expects 2 arguments, 0 provided DynamicJsonDocument
jsonBuffer; ^ In file included from
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson/Document/DynamicJsonDocument.hpp:7:0,
from .piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson.hpp:21, from
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson.h:9, from
.piolibdeps/painlessMesh_ID1269/src/painlessMesh.h:12, from
.piolibdeps/painlessMesh_ID1269/src/painlessMeshComm.cpp:8:
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson/Document/BasicJsonDocument.hpp:36:3:
note:
ArduinoJson6100_100::BasicJsonDocument::BasicJsonDocument(const
ArduinoJson6100_100::BasicJsonDocument&) [with TAllocator
= ArduinoJson6100_100::DefaultAllocator] BasicJsonDocument(const BasicJsonDocument& src) ^
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson/Document/BasicJsonDocument.hpp:36:3:
note: candidate expects 1 argument, 0 provided
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson/Document/BasicJsonDocument.hpp:33:12:
note:
ArduinoJson6100_100::BasicJsonDocument::BasicJsonDocument(size_t,
TAllocator) [with TAllocator = ArduinoJson6100_100::DefaultAllocator;
size_t = unsigned int] explicit BasicJsonDocument(size_t capa,
TAllocator allocator = TAllocator()) ^
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson/Document/BasicJsonDocument.hpp:33:12:
note: candidate expects 2 arguments, 0 provided
.piolibdeps/painlessMesh_ID1269/src/painlessMeshConnection.cpp: In
member function 'void MeshConnection::handleMessage(String&,
uint32_t)':
.piolibdeps/painlessMesh_ID1269/src/painlessMeshConnection.cpp:543:25:
error: no matching function for call to
'ArduinoJson6100_100::BasicJsonDocument::BasicJsonDocument()'
DynamicJsonDocument jsonBuffer; ^
.piolibdeps/painlessMesh_ID1269/src/painlessMeshConnection.cpp:543:25:
note: candidates are: In file included from
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson/Document/DynamicJsonDocument.hpp:7:0,
from .piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson.hpp:21, from
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson.h:9, from
.piolibdeps/painlessMesh_ID1269/src/painlessMesh.h:12, from
.piolibdeps/painlessMesh_ID1269/src/painlessMeshConnection.cpp:9:
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson/Document/BasicJsonDocument.hpp:50:3:
note:
ArduinoJson6100_100::BasicJsonDocument::BasicJsonDocument(ArduinoJson6100_100::VariantRef)
[with TAllocator = ArduinoJson6100_100::DefaultAllocator]
BasicJsonDocument(VariantRef src) ^
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson/Document/BasicJsonDocument.hpp:50:3:
note: candidate expects 1 argument, 0 provided
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson/Document/BasicJsonDocument.hpp:43:3:
note: template
ArduinoJson6100_100::BasicJsonDocument::BasicJsonDocument(const
T&, typename
ArduinoJson6100_100::enable_if::value>::type*)
BasicJsonDocument(const T& src, ^
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson/Document/BasicJsonDocument.hpp:43:3:
note: template argument deduction/substitution failed:
.piolibdeps/painlessMesh_ID1269/src/painlessMeshConnection.cpp:543:25:
note: candidate expects 2 arguments, 0 provided DynamicJsonDocument
jsonBuffer; ^ In file included from
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson/Document/DynamicJsonDocument.hpp:7:0,
from .piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson.hpp:21, from
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson.h:9, from
.piolibdeps/painlessMesh_ID1269/src/painlessMesh.h:12, from
.piolibdeps/painlessMesh_ID1269/src/painlessMeshConnection.cpp:9:
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson/Document/BasicJsonDocument.hpp:36:3:
note:
ArduinoJson6100_100::BasicJsonDocument::BasicJsonDocument(const
ArduinoJson6100_100::BasicJsonDocument&) [with TAllocator
= ArduinoJson6100_100::DefaultAllocator] BasicJsonDocument(const BasicJsonDocument& src) ^
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson/Document/BasicJsonDocument.hpp:36:3:
note: candidate expects 1 argument, 0 provided
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson/Document/BasicJsonDocument.hpp:33:12:
note:
ArduinoJson6100_100::BasicJsonDocument::BasicJsonDocument(size_t,
TAllocator) [with TAllocator = ArduinoJson6100_100::DefaultAllocator;
size_t = unsigned int] explicit BasicJsonDocument(size_t capa,
TAllocator allocator = TAllocator()) ^
.piolibdeps/ArduinoJson_ID64/src/ArduinoJson/Document/BasicJsonDocument.hpp:33:12:
note: candidate expects 2 arguments, 0 provided
.piolibdeps/painlessMesh_ID1269/src/painlessMeshConnection.cpp:544:16:
error: 'ArduinoJson6100_100::DynamicJsonDocument' has no member named
'nestingLimit' jsonBuffer.nestingLimit = 255; ^
* [.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib3f1/painlessMesh_ID1269/painlessMeshComm.cpp.o]
Error 1
* [.pioenvs/nodemcuv2/lib3f1/painlessMesh_ID1269/painlessMeshConnection.cpp.o]
Error 1
======================================== [ERROR] Took 10.54 seconds ======================================== The terminal process terminated with exit code: 1
What am I doing wrong?
Thanks!
Solved in the library source: https://gitlab.com/painlessMesh/painlessMesh/issues/253
Author comment:
Thanks for reporting. This should be fixed in the latest version
(1.3.1). Let me know if you still have problems

Threads in c++, cannot use parameters

I am trying to start a thread t:
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <thread>
void function(int p1, int p2, int p3){
std::cout<<p1<<p2<<p3<<std::endl;
}
int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {
std::cout<<"starting"<<std::endl;
std::thread t(function, 1, 2, 3);
std::cout<<"created thread"<<std::endl;
t.join();
std::cout<<"end"<<std::endl;
return 0;
}
My compiler tells me this:
doesntwork.cpp:12:15: error: no matching constructor for
initialization of 'std::thread'
std::thread t(function, 1, 2, 3);
^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/include/c++/v1/thread:408:9: note:
candidate constructor template not viable: requires single
argument '__f', but 4 arguments were provided
thread::thread(_Fp __f)
^
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/include/c++/v1/thread:289:5: note:
candidate constructor not viable: requires 1 argument, but 4
were provided
thread(const thread&);
^
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/include/c++/v1/thread:296:5: note:
candidate constructor not viable: requires 0 arguments, but
4 were provided
thread() _NOEXCEPT : __t_(_LIBCPP_NULL_THREAD) {}
^
1 error generated.
In the first case it tells me that for the thread t, there is no constructor that can use more than 1 parameter, while if I just remove the arguments (p1, p2, p3) it doesn't work either because I am not passing any argmuent....
Compiler information:
Configured with: --prefix=/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr
--with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
Apple LLVM version 10.0.0 (clang-1000.10.44.2)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin17.7.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin
built command used: g++ doesntwork.cpp -o doesntwork.out
Is there something different you have to do when compiling with threads? Am I missing something very obvious?
On macOS, g++ (from Xcode: Version 10.0 (10A255)) is aliased to clang which by default does not work with c++11 threads. To solve the problem you have to use the -std=c++11 switch.
Example:
g++ -std=c++11 fileToCompile.cpp -o outputFile.out
This should let you compile c++ code using c++11 threads.
Thank you to #M.M for providing the answer above in the comments.

multithreading c++ passing arguments to a function

I have been trying to pass arguments to a thread function but haven't been able to. I tried reading about it (Passing multiple arguments to a threaded function) but I still couldn't figure it out. Here is my code:
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
using namespace std;
void func(int t)
{
cout << t << endl;
}
int main()
{
thread t1(func,4);
t1.join();
return 0;
}
I ran it in the command line (I use zsh incase that matters) by doing this:
g++ test.cpp
./a.out
but I got these errors:
thread_test.cpp:14:12: error: no matching constructor for initialization of 'std::__1::thread'
thread t1(func,4);
^ ~~~~~~
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/thread:379:9: note: candidate constructor template not viable: requires single argument '__f', but
2 arguments were provided
thread::thread(_Fp __f)
^
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/thread:268:5: note: candidate constructor not viable: requires 1 argument, but 2 were provided
thread(const thread&);
^
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/thread:275:5: note: candidate constructor not viable: requires 0 arguments, but 2 were provided
thread() _NOEXCEPT : __t_(0) {}
^
1 error generated.
in case this is important I am using a mac with OSX 10.11.4
Also, to see what versions of c++ I was compiling with I ran this command and got this out put:
g++ --version
Configured with: --prefix=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr --with-gxx-include-dir=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.11.sdk/usr/include/c++/4.2.1
Apple LLVM version 7.3.0 (clang-703.0.31)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin15.4.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin
Pass -std=c++11 and it will work; see my transcript below. (Running on OS X.)
nathanst% g++ t.cpp
t.cpp:13:12: error: no matching constructor for initialization of 'std::__1::thread'
thread t1(func,4);
^ ~~~~~~
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/thread:379:9: note: candidate constructor template not viable: requires single argument '__f', but 2 arguments were
provided
thread::thread(_Fp __f)
^
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/thread:268:5: note: candidate constructor not viable: requires 1 argument, but 2 were provided
thread(const thread&);
^
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/thread:275:5: note: candidate constructor not viable: requires 0 arguments, but 2 were provided
thread() _NOEXCEPT : __t_(0) {}
^
1 error generated.
nathanst% g++ -std=c++11 t.cpp

Wait() in process creation

The following is my code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int cpid=fork();
if(cpid==0) {
printf("%d %d\n",getpid(),getppid());
}
else {
printf("hello");
wait(NULL);
}
}
When I compile this using the following:
g++ -std=c++11 multiple.cpp -o multiple
It gives me the following
multiple.cpp: In function 'int main()':
multiple.cpp:34:23: error: no matching function for call to 'wait::wait(NULL)'
wait(NULL);
^
multiple.cpp:34:23: note: candidates are:
In file included from /usr/include/stdlib.h:42:0,
from multiple.cpp:4:
/usr/include/bits/waitstatus.h:66:7: note: wait::wait()
union wait
/usr/include/bits/waitstatus.h:66:7: note: candidate expects 0 arguments, 1 provided
/usr/include/bits/waitstatus.h:66:7: note: constexpr wait::wait(const wait&)
/usr/include/bits/waitstatus.h:66:7: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'int' to 'const wait&'
/usr/include/bits/waitstatus.h:66:7: note: constexpr wait::wait(wait&&)
/usr/include/bits/waitstatus.h:66:7: note: no known conversion for argument 1 from 'int' to 'wait&&'
But if I change the extension to .c and use gcc -o multiple multiple.c it works. Why is this happening?
You have not included the correct header file that the wait() documentation tells you need.
You need
#include <sys/wait.h>
Because wait is declared in sys/wait.h, which you do not include, and C++ requires all the functions to be prototyped before used. C, on the other hand, does not.
You did not include the header for the POSIX wait function, per the documentation:
#include <sys/wait.h>
It is surprising but not inconceivable that the equivalent standard library headers in your C toolchain just so happen to include this themselves, whereas the C++ ones you have used do not.
More likely, you are inadvertently making use of the terrible rule in C that says you can use some functions before they have been declared.