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Is there is any specific reason behind undefined behavior in C and C++?
Why are some features left undefined?
For some part at least, it was to allow a more efficient implementation.
A simple example: Function parameters. Their evaluation order in unspecifed, because some architectures could work better depending on how they made the calculations or the calling convention (registers, stack, etc.)
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I am looking for a function to compare the two strings. A functional similar to strcmp in CString with the difference that takes two strands in the input.
You can use std::string::compare (it returns 0 if values are the same). Also be aware that in fact you can use strcmp in c++, but if you want modern c++ version i would go with std::string::compare.
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When I am reading design goals of C++11, it mentioned about zero-overhead principle without any examples or features which uses this principle. I can understand that it could be there to avoid degrading existing code performance. But,
Can someone explain this concept with some examples?
Approach they made to implement such a feature in the standard?
How they enforce compiler-writers to implement this?
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In my previous question (Why value captured by reference in lambda is broken?) answer is "because you access memory of variable that is out of scope".
In most common compilers (I mean Visual C++, gcc and clang) is there compiler warnings about this incorrect memory access?
Generally? No. It's intractible to do so. They can't.
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Is it better, from complexity eye of view, to call a function and return its value to another function
a = foo();
bar (a);
Or to make a nested call?
bar(foo());
Indeed, I am making this millions of times.
If it depends on something else, please mention it.
You should go for clarity - the compiler should optimize the temporary away. But if it's critical, benchmark and look at the assembly code.
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I'm making a small game and I don't know whether I should have the majority of the statements in the main function or instead just put them as void functions in my player object (I'm not really returning anything other than boolean values throughout each iteration).
In general, you should aim for your main() to be a bridge between the execution environment (the OS) and the system that you implement. This means that main should "crack" the command-line parameters, and then promptly pass control to the method that instantiates top-level objects and runs your system.