I need to add some logic to a make file and I am stuck. I see several examples out there but I'm not sure which one is the right one for me.
What I have:
$(UBIN)/%:
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $(UBIN)/$* $(OBJS) -L $(ORAHOME) $(ORALIBS) \
$(LNKPATH) $(DSTN_LIBS)
#echo ""
What I want:
$(UBIN)/%:
if the file $(UBIN)/$* exists
then
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $(UBIN)/$* $(OBJS) -L $(ORAHOME) $(ORALIBS) \
$(LNKPATH) $(DSTN_LIBS)
#echo ""
endif
But I can't figure out what the right syntax is. Some idea were to use a wildcard string holder, some use some -a option, some use if some use ifeq some include semicolons and some do not.
The current list of make files we use has ZERO examples of this logic so I have nothing to compare it to for my build environment.
Many thanks
Assuming you don't want to see the compilation or the echo commands something like the following should work (untested written in the answer box).
$(UBIN)/%:
#if [ -f '$#' ]; then \
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o '$#' $(OBJS) -L $(ORAHOME) $(ORALIBS) \
$(LNKPATH) $(DSTN_LIBS); \
echo ""; \
fi
If you do want to see the compilation command (but not the echo command) that's likely a bit more complicated (I don't have a ready solution to that offhand).
GNU make has some nice macrose encoded in functions, consider wildcard and shell as exemplars to address this ask (no guarauntees, but look at the macros):
ifeq(,$(wildcard paths.txt))
target: export PATH=$(PATH):$(subst \n,:,$(shell cat paths.txt))
else
target: export PATH=$(PATH_CLEAN)
endif
target:
$(MAKE) -C task_in_path
Related
I have a makefile I use to compile a single file. When I need to pass an argument, I use target=targetFile.
The script takes the argument, looks for the file (within the same directory) that has the same value as the argument and compiles it.
I use this for compiling problems from uhunt and uva, which use a single c++ file. So I dont' need multiple makefiles for multiple source files. Single makefile for multiple source files is the reason I made the makefile.
Here's the code I have so far
OBJS = $(target).o
CC = g++
CFLAGS = -Wall -g -std=c++11
INCLUDE = -I./$(target)
#default command to run
all : Main-$(target) clean run
#compile and build
Main-$(target) : $(OBJS)
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $^ -o $#
%.o : %.cpp
$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $<
#remove object and any other garbage files.
clean:
rm -rf -d $(target).o *~ *% *# .#*
#remove the compiled file
clean-all:
$(clean) rm Main-$(target)
#run the compiled file
run:
./Main-$(target)
The command I use to compile is,
make target=sourceFile
Also I don't include the file extension, I have all my source file extensions to be cpp
What I want in the end is:
make sourceFile
Just a side note, for using the command clean and clean-all, I use
make target=sourceFile clean
make target=sourceFile clean-all
I'd prefer if I can use:
make sourceFile clean
make sourceFile clean-all
You may use common Makefile variable MAKECMDGOALS that contains all targets passed to make.
Please try this variant
CC = g++
CFLAGS = -Wall -g
MAKECMDGOALS := $(filter-out clean, $(MAKECMDGOALS))
.PHONY: $(MAKECMDGOALS)
$(MAKECMDGOALS):
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $#.c -o Main-$#
clean:
rm -f *.o
Here the lines
$(MAKECMDGOALS):
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $#.c -o Main-$#
will generate separate build targets for each word in MAKECMDGOALS.
Note, we need this Makefile to know that 'clean' is a target for removing stuff, but not to attempt build Main-clean. This why we remove clean from MAKECMDGOALS using filter-out function.
So if we run make a b clean, the build system will generate automatically targets for building Main-a and Main-b and then use already written clean target
Disclaimer -- this is a non-standard use of Make, and will therefore open up all kinds of corner cases, so I don't recommend it. This is better suited for a shell script calling make. That being said... it is an interesting question.
You can't do make xxx clean, and not have it try to build xxx (unless you do some really nasty cludge using recursive make, but I won't go there). You could do something like make clean-xxx though, as follows:
%:Main-%
Main-%:%.cpp
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $< -o Main-$#
clean-%:
rm Main-$*
Notice that %-clean has a shorter stem, and therefor takes precedence over the % if the make target starts with clean-.
I have two different directories with two different C++ source codes each of them execute different program. Directories have their own Makefiles each of them builds scripts with certain environment variables set.
Now, I want to put both directories' contents into a single directory as I want to mix both C++ source codes in order to develop a new C++ source code that utilizes both programs capabilities.
So far, I placed all files in a single directory, and I can successfully build each of the original source codes when I place the corresponding Makefile. Now, I want to have a single Makefile that allows me to build each of the original source codes (without replacing the Makefile), and hopefully this would allow me to build the new mixed C++ source file...
I tried a trivial solution and I placed the contents of both Makefiles into a single Makefile and this didn't work ...
I think it is useful to post my two Makefiles
Here is the first one
# A simple $(MAKE)file to cause make to go look in the top directory. A simple
# convenience.
all: lib
$(MAKE) -C .. examples
lib:
$(MAKE) -C .. lib/libAria.so
%.so: ../lib/libAria.so %.cpp
$(MAKE) -C .. examples/$#
%: ../lib/libAria.so %.cpp
$(MAKE) -C .. examples/$#
%Static: ../lib/libAria.a %.cpp
$(MAKE) -C .. examples/$#
clean:
$(MAKE) -C .. cleanExamples
../lib/libAria.so: FORCE
$(MAKE) -C .. dirs lib/libAria.so
../lib/libAria.a: FORCE
$(MAKE) -C .. dirs lib/libAria.a
FORCE:
.PHONY: all FORCE clean lib
And the second Makefile is
LDLIBS = -lm
CXXFLAGS = -O3 -finline-functions -I. -I./qpoases/INCLUDE -I./qpoases/SRC
CFLAGS = -O3
CC = g++
OBJECTS = \
./qpoases/SRC/QProblemB.o \
./qpoases/SRC/Bounds.o \
./qpoases/SRC/Constraints.o \
./qpoases/SRC/SubjectTo.o \
./qpoases/SRC/Indexlist.o \
./qpoases/SRC/CyclingManager.o \
./qpoases/SRC/Utils.o \
./qpoases/SRC/MessageHandling.o \
./qpoases/solver.o \
integrator.o \
condensing.o \
gauss_newton_method.o
.PHONY: all
all: test libacado_exported_rti.a
test: ${OBJECTS} test.o
./qpoases/solver.o : ./qpoases/solver.hpp
integrator.o : acado.h
condensing.o : acado.h
gauss_newton_method.o : acado.h ./qpoases/solver.hpp
test.o : acado.h ./qpoases/solver.hpp
libacado_exported_rti.a: ${OBJECTS}
ar r $# $?
${OBJECTS} : ./qpoases/solver.hpp
.PHONY : clean
clean :
-rm -f *.o *.a ./qpoases/SRC/*.o ./qpoases/SRC/*.a test
I check all stackoverflow questions related to my question and the only closest situation to mine is a question titled (multiple makefiles in one directory);however, this is not exactly what I want to do...
Thanks a lot !
Why would you want to merge your source directories? I assume they are seperated for a reason. Instead, I'd leave them be and create a new make file in the directory above them that calls each of the sub makes files below it - either via includes or via shelling directly to each makefile. I would not mix the code just to make it "easier" to get inheritance or whatever working.
BTW, here's a link for you:Stack Overflow shows you how
I have a list of library folders that I'm specifying in a make file:
LIBRARIES = Ethernet \
SPI \
SD
I also have a number of rules for compiling each one into a local obj folder of my project:
obj/SPI/%.cpp.o: $(LIBS_DIR)/SPI/%.cpp
#echo "Compiling $<"
obj/SD/%.cpp.o: $(LIBS_DIR)/SD/%.cpp
#echo "Compiling $<"
obj/Ethernet/%.cpp.o: $(LIBS_DIR)/Ethernet/%.cpp
#echo "Compiling $<"
(Note that each one uses it's own sub-folder). How can I generate these rules from $(LIBRARIES) automatically so that I don't have to duplicate them like this?
You can just do:
obj/%.cpp.o : $(LIBS_DIR)/%.cpp
g++ -c -o $# ${CPPFLAGS} ${CXXFLAGS} $<
In the above % captures dir/src part.
If you'd like the output directories to be created automatically it can be done with secondary expansion make feature:
.SECONDEXPANSION:
obj/%.cpp.o : $(LIBS_DIR)/%.cpp | $${#D} # object file depends on its directory
g++ -c -o $# ${CPPFLAGS} ${CXXFLAGS} $<
obj/% : # directory creation rule
mkdir -p $#
Sufficiently new versions of GNU make support the eval function. You can use it like this:
define SUBDIR_RULE
obj/$1/%.cpp.o: $(LIBS_DIR)/$1/%.cpp
#echo "Compiling $$<"
enddef
$(foreach D,$(LIBRARIES),$(eval $(call SUBDIR_RULE,$D)))
If you don't want to rely on that you can use auto-generated makefiles, which have been a feature of GNU make for much much longer. But this method is slightly trickier to use.
I've been working on a makefile that uses secondary expansion not knowing that this feature only exists since version 3.81 of GNU make. Unfortunately, there are some old machines around here that only have make 3.79.1 installed and on these machines, the makefile doesn't work, of course. Is there an alternative to secondary expansion?
The rule for a C++ program where I use it looks like the following:
.SECONDEXPANSION:
# Pattern rule for linking
%_$(SYSTEM) : $$(%_ofiles) $(EXEC)/%_$(SYSTEM).o
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -o $# $^ $(LIBS)
# Example for an ofiles variable
prog1_ofiles = $(C1) $(C2)
C1 = $(OFILES)/C1.o
C2 = $(OFILES)/C2.o
I know - the best solution would be to install a current make version. But our system administrator was not enthusiastic about it ;) So I'm looking forward to your suggestions.
Btw, does anyone know where to get the documentation of GNU make 3.79.1 - I couldn't find it anywhere.
Just add make-3.81 sources in your source tree. Your main Makefile first should compile make-3.81 using whatever make is available and then use make-3.81 for compiling everything else.
What about a function/macro? Using eval would achieve the same result as the secondary expansion. Certainly not as clean, but less typing than all the explicit rules.
define PROGRAM_template
$(1)_$(SYSTEM) : $$($(1)_ofiles) $(EXEC)/$(1)_$(SYSTEM).o
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -o $# $^ $(LIBS)
endef
$(foreach target, prog1 prog2 prog3, \
$(eval $(call PROGRAM_template, $(target)))
Maybe you can wrap $$(%_ofiles) with eval in your original code and omit the foreach. Not sure...
No $(eval)?, bah! You will have to write some shell to emit the specific make syntax into file.mk (say), and then include that into the Makefile. You bootstrap the process by telling make that the Makefile depends on file.mk. Make first has to update Makefile before anything else. So it will create file.mk, include it, and restart itself.
For your case it looks like file.mk will just contain dependencies and no recipes. A brief sketch:
%_${SYSTEM}: ${EXEC}/%_${SYSTEM}.o
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -o $# $^ $(LIBS)
file.mk:
echo '%_${SYSTEM}: ${prog1_ofiles}' >$#
Makefile: file.mk
include file.mk
What approach do C++ programmers on Unix platform use to create and manage Makefiles?
I was using hand made Makefiles for my projects but they don't handle header file changes and other dependencies. I googled around and found a good solution here.
But I ran into a problem here in the sed command -
sed -e 's/#.*//' -e 's/^[^:]*: *//' -e 's/ *\\$$//' \
-e '/^$$/ d' -e 's/$$/ :/' < $*.d >> $*.P; \
The problem is with the 3rd expression "-e 's/ *\$$//'.
It doesn't work. Its supposed to remove trailing backslashes. I understand that there has to be double dollar there since this is part of a Makefile. Can someone tell me what wrong here?
Here's the complete Makefile -
CC=g++
CFLAGS=-g -Wall
LIBS=-lpthread
OBJS=file1.o file2.o
TARGET=testProg
$(TARGET) : $(OBJS)
$(CC) -o $# $^ $(CFLAGS) $(LIBS)
%.o : %.cpp
$(CC) -MMD -c -o $# $< $(CFLAGS)
#cp $*.d $*.P; \
sed -e 's/#.*//' -e 's/^[^:]*: *//' -e 's/ *\\$$//' \
-e '/^$$/ d' -e 's/$$/ :/' < $*.d >> $*.P; \
rm -f $*.d
-include $(OBJS:%.o=%.P)
clean :
rm -f $(TARGET) $(OBJS)
all : $(TARGET)
Apart from the solution to this problem, I would also like some tips/pointers to my 1st question.
gcc/g++ can generate dependencies for you with the -M family of options.
The following works by specifying how to generate .depends files given a source file. By doing -include $(DEPS) $(DEPS) is recognized as a target and will be built/rebuilt when the source files change.
CXX = g++
CXXFLAGS = -Wall -O3
LDFLAGS =
TARGET = testcpp
SRCS = main.cc x.cc foo.cc
OBJS = $(SRCS:.cc=.o)
DEPS = $(SRCS:.cc=.depends)
.PHONY: clean all
all: $(TARGET)
$(TARGET): $(OBJS)
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(OBJS) -o $(TARGET)
.cc.o:
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $#
%.depends: %.cc
$(CXX) -M $(CXXFLAGS) $< > $#
clean:
rm -f $(OBJS) $(DEPS) $(TARGET)
-include $(DEPS)
I use that approach too and can't praise it highly enough. And I write my makefiles by hand and reuse them a lot on new projects.
.The expression "s/ *\\$//" will work outside the context of Make. Within a makefile it doesn't work because Make tries to interpret "$/" before handing the result to the shell. So you must use "s/ *\\$$//" (note the extra $) within the makefile, but this won't work outside the context of Make (so testing it is a slight pain).
EDIT:
I've tried your makefile, and that sed statement seems to remove trailing backslashes just fine. Try something simpler, like this:
backslash:
#echo " \\" > $#
test: backslash
#echo without sed:
#cat backslash
#echo with sed:
#sed -e 's/ *\\$$//' < backslash
EDIT:
All right, now I'm hooked. Could you try these experiments and tell us the results?
Change the last character to 'z' : s/.$/z/
Change a trailing backslash to 'z' : s/\\$/z/
Change a trailing backslash to 'z' : sm\\$mzm
Delete a trailing backslash : s/\\$//
Delete spaces and a trailing backslash: s/ *\\$//
Try all of these inside and outside of Make, with '$' and '$$'.
In a make file anything you list on the dependency line is a dependency header files or other files included.
BSD tutorial on make Note: you can auto generate header dependency info with the -MM switch of GCC.
I must be missing something. Why doesn't generating dependency files work for you?
I prefer to use CMake, even though it's not strictly the solution to your problem.
It's a project description language that'll generate your Makefiles, Visual Studio Project, Eclipse Project, KDevelop, etc for you. All the dependencies are done for you:
CMakeLists.txt
add_executable(my_exe file1.c file2.c)
target_link_libraries(my_exe my_library)
add_subdirectory(lib)
In lib/CMakeLists.txt
add_library(my_library file3.c file4.c)
This creates a my_exe from file1.c file2.c linked against my_library. I find this much simpler. It also has things like package discovery:
find_package(Qt4)
The makedepend utility is installed on many systems and can be quite useful for generating dependency information.
Here is an example Makefile that uses the include directive (plus a little Perl magic) to incorporate the output from makedepend:
# the name of the executable that we'll build
TARGET = foo_prog
# our .cc source files
SRCS = foo.cc main.cc
# the .o versions of our source files
OBJS := $(patsubst %.cc, %.o, $(filter %.cc, $(SRCS)))
# some flags for compiling
CXXFLAGS = -Wall -Werror
# In order to build $(TARGET), we first build each of the $(OBJS).
# Then we use the given command to link those $(OBJS) into our
# $(TARGET) executable. $^ is a shortcut for $(OBJS). $# is a
# shortcut for $(TARGET).
#
# The default compile rule will compile each of the $(OBJS) for us.
$(TARGET): $(OBJS)
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $^ -o $#
# Use "make clean" to remove all of the support files.
clean:
rm -f $(OBJS) $(TARGET) Makefile.depend *~
# This automatically uses the 'makedepend' utility to add any
# dependencies that our source files have, namely .h files. This way,
# if the .h files change, the code will be re-compiled.
include Makefile.depend
Makefile.depend: $(SRCS)
makedepend -f- -Y $(SRCS) 2> /dev/null | \
perl -p -e "s/(^.*?:)/Makefile.depend \1/" > Makefile.depend
If both foo.cc and main.cc depend on foo.h, then the contents of Makefile.depend would be:
Makefile.depend foo.o: foo.h
Makefile.depend main.o: foo.h
The end result is that the dependency information from makedepend is injected into the Makefile as a series of rules. It's similar to the approach of using a .d file for each .cc file, but keeps the dependency information in one file instead of scattered all over the place.
In Mozilla's build system, we use GCC's -MD switch to generate the dependency files:
http://mxr.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/source/configure.in#7134
and then we use a script called mddepend.pl to check for removed header files, such that
removing a header simply causes a rebuild, not an error:
http://mxr.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/source/config/rules.mk#2066
http://mxr.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/source/build/unix/mddepend.pl
That script generates an .all.pp file containing all the dependencies, with extra foo.o: FORCE dependencies stuck in for missing header files. We then simply -include the .all.pp file in rules.mk right below there.
You can use qmake to generate Makefiles for a project even if that project is not using Qt.
I use BSD make (pmake?) which does lot of work for me (my lang is C, but I think no difference here). This is my common 'local.prog.mk', I never change it:
.PHONY: tags .depend
# .depend depends only on $(SRCS) in bsd.dep.mk, so we can't track changes of
# header's own dependencies properly. so .depend is .PHONY target here.
CSTD ?=c99
WARNS ?=9
.if !empty(PC_LIST)
PC_CF !=pkg-config --cflags $(PC_LIST)
PC_LD !=pkg-config --libs $(PC_LIST)
.endif
CFLAGS +=$(PC_CF) -fgnu89-inline
.if !defined(NO_DEBUG)
CFLAGS +=-O0 -ggdb3
.endif
LDFLAGS +=$(PC_LD)
CTAGS =exctags
NO_MAN=
NO_OBJ=
CLEANFILES+=$(PROG).core
.include <bsd.prog.mk>
$(PROG): $(SUBDIR)
build: clean cleandepend depend all
run: $(PROG)
./$(PROG)
Note 'bsd.prog.mk' inclusion -- this handles all, build, depend, clean targets. Project-specific BSDmakefiles are simple:
.SILENT:
PROG =hello
SRCS =hello.c world.c
PC_LIST =gtk+-2.0 gnet-2.0
.include "../local.prog.mk"
proto:
cproto -siv `pkg-config --cflags $(PC_LIST)` $(SRCS) > prototypes
CLEANFILES+=prototypes
I just make depend every time I insert/remove any #include directives.
Instead of the sed scripts, use gcc's -MT option to modify the target of the generated dependency rules. This blog post has more info.
With a more modern version of GCC, you can add the -MP flag to have GCC generate empty rules for the headers itself.
I top tip that I have found useful when building dependency files is to include the dependency file as a target in the generated rule:
file.d file.o : file.c header.h header2.h ...
Thus make will regenerate the dependencies if the source or any of the headers change. Including phony targets for the headers (GCC -MP) should then allow stable builds when headers are removed - the absense of required header remains a compilation error, not a make dependency error.
Assuming that dependency files are generated into the same directory as the object files, the following should work for GCC on Unix:
-include $(OBJ:.o=.d)
$(OBJDIR)/%d : $(SRCDIR)/%.cpp
mkdir -p $(#D)
echo -n "$# " > $#.tmp
$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) -MM -MP -MT $(#:.d=.o) $< >> $#.tmp
mv $#.tmp $#
(from memory)