I'm trying to write an OpenGL/GLSL app that will use GLSL for image processing. I've done some research and come to the conclusion that the right approach is to render to a framebuffer object and then retrieve the image from the gpu. Unfortunately I can't figure out how to set up the frustum and render the quadrilateral so that it fills it properly. Does anyone know how to do this?
You need to render with an orthogonal projection matrix.
glPushMatrix(GL_WORLDVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glPushMatrix(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glOrtho(0, width, height, 0, 0, 1);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glVertex2i(0, 0);
glVertex2i(width, 0);
glVertex2i(width, height);
glVertex2i(0, height);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glMatrixMode(GL_WORLDVIEW);
glPopMatrix();
Width and height are the dimensions of your FBO. Of course they could be both one if you don't need to address special parts of your FBO by drawing quads at pixel positions.
Related
I want to load an image on the background, I have written following code to load the texture as background by texturing the Rectangle. My image is in power of 2 (512x512). I am not getting why it is not showing anything on the screen,
please help me in this.
I am pasting my code to load the texture and to draw the rect.
Also, I have checked whether the image is loaded properly or not by using SOIL_last_result() and also checked whether there is any error in OpenGL by using glGetError()
Code to load the image as a texture using SOIL
void loadTexture(GLuint* texture, char* path){
*texture = SOIL_load_OGL_texture(path,
SOIL_LOAD_AUTO,
SOIL_CREATE_NEW_ID,
SOIL_FLAG_NTSC_SAFE_RGB | SOIL_FLAG_MULTIPLY_ALPHA
);
cout<<*texture<<endl;
if(*texture == NULL){
printf("Failed to load %s", path);
}
}
Following code is to draw texture and rectangle,
void drawRect(int x, int y, int w, int h, GLuint texture){
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
glEnable(GL_BLEND);
glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
glDepthMask(GL_FALSE);
glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glPushMatrix();
glColor3f(1.0,1.0,1.0);
glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
glTexCoord2i(0,0);
glVertex2i(x,y);
glTexCoord2i(1,0);
glVertex2i(x+w,y);
glTexCoord2i(0,1);
glVertex2i(x,y+h);
glTexCoord2i(1,1);
glVertex2i(x+w,y+h);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glDepthMask(GL_TRUE);
glDisable(GL_BLEND);
}
And I am calling it using init mehod,
void initGL(void)
{
glClearDepth(1.0);
glClearColor(0,0,0, 1.0f);
glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glLineWidth(1);
glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glLoadIdentity();
GLuint texture;
loadTexture(&texture, "image.png");
drawRect(0,0,screen_width-100,screen_height-100,texture);
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
}
Please help me and let me know if you need more information.
Thanks in advance!!
The projection matrix describes the mapping from 3D points of a scene, to 2D points of the viewport. It transforms from eye space to the clip space, and the coordinates in the clip space are transformed to the normalized device coordinates (NDC) by dividing with the w component of the clip coordinates. The NDC are in range (-1,-1,-1) to (1,1,1). Every geometry which is out of the clippspace is clipped.
Since you do not set up a projection matrix, you're projection matrix is the identity matrix. This means you will only "see" the geometry, whose coordinates are in the range -1 to 1.
I recommend to setup a orthographic projection matrix (glOrtho). At Orthographic Projection the coordinates in the eye space are linearly mapped to normalized device coordinates and the clip sapce coordinates are equal the normalized device coordiantes.
Set up the projection somehow like this:
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glOrtho(0, screen_width, 0, screen_height, -1, 1);
I'm using SDL, I have OpenGL rendering setup, I want to draw some text to the screen.
I found this question: Using SDL_ttf with OpenGL which seems to address the same concern, but I think my GL-fu isn't good enough to understand what to do next.
Ie, I have the texture from that other post, which, if I understand everything correctly, is an integer ID representing a GL texture that contains the rendered text. How do I actually render this texture onto my screen (everything's 2D here so I just want to render it as flat text on the screen, not onto some fancy surface in a 3D scene or anything).
Alternatively, is there any easier way of getting this working? (ie, rendering some text via SDL while also being able to render GL shapes)
edit: Or, even more generally, is there an easier way of being able to render both text and shapes onto the screen via SDL?
Use SDL_ttf to turn your string into a bitmap; this is just a single function call.
Use the code in the link you posted to turn it into a texture.
Draw a rectangle using said texture. That is, glBindTexture, glBegin, (glTexCoord, glVertex) x4, glEnd. If you have doubts about this step, you better go through some basic OpenGL tutorials (covering texture mapping, of course) first.
Try this snippet, it renders a SDL true type font extension library font starting from the bottom left side of the screen.
Note the arrangment of the texcords to the shape on the screen. The pixels from the text texture start 0,0 at the top left of the image. So I need to flip that around to make it show properly on a screen with x,y at the bottom left.
void RenderText(std::string message, SDL_Color color, int x, int y,
TTF_Font* font)
{
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glPushMatrix();
glLoadIdentity();
gluOrtho2D(0, gWindow->getWidth(),0,gWindow->getHeight());
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glPushMatrix();
glLoadIdentity();
glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glEnable(GL_BLEND);
glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
GLuint texture;
glGenTextures(1, &texture);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
SDL_Surface * sFont = TTF_RenderText_Blended(font, message.c_str(), color);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, sFont->w, sFont->h, 0, GL_BGRA,
GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, sFont->pixels);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
{
glTexCoord2f(0,1); glVertex2f(x, y);
glTexCoord2f(1,1); glVertex2f(x + sFont->w, y);
glTexCoord2f(1,0); glVertex2f(x + sFont->w, y + sFont->h);
glTexCoord2f(0,0); glVertex2f(x, y + sFont->h);
}
glEnd();
glDisable(GL_BLEND);
glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glPopMatrix();
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glPopMatrix();
glDeleteTextures(1, &texture);
SDL_FreeSurface(sFont);
}
I want to detect a marker with OpenCV, and then I want to overlay it with an image, with OpenGL. First part is ok (I achieve detection marker perfectly), but I have some problems with the second.
marker is:
and image is:
but the result is this:
code to generate the texture of image is:
GLuint *textures = new GLuint[2];
glGenTextures(2, textures);
Mat image = imread("Immagine.png");
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[1]);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_NEAREST);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_NEAREST);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 4,image.cols, image.rows, 0, GL_RGB,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image.data);
and to show the texture i use:
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
glMatrixMode (GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluOrtho2D(0, WIDTH, HEIGHT, 0);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[1]);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex2f((GLfloat)(coord[1].x),(GLfloat)(coord[1].y));
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex2f((GLfloat)(coord[2].x),(GLfloat)(coord[2].y));
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex2f((GLfloat)(coord[3].x),(GLfloat)(coord[3].y));
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex2f((GLfloat)(coord[0].x),(GLfloat)(coord[0].y));
glEnd();
I don't know why textured image is so strange. Also, I use the same code to show (on opengl window) captured frames from webcam and I have no problem.
I've noted also that if I use the same image without numbers at corners, it works correctly (even if it isn't in the same place/coordinates of marker).
Does anyone have any idea?
This is a padding/alignment issue.
You're loading a format which has different padding requirements to GL (which by default expects rows of pixels to be padded to a multiple of 4 bytes).
Possible fixes for this are:
Tell GL how your texture is packed, using (for example) glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
Change the dimensions of your texture, such that the padding matches without changing anything
Change the loading of your texture, such that the padding is consistent with what GL expects
I want to create a 3d cube with openGL. Also, I want to cover each side with an image that I transform in a texture.
I find cube coordinates in 2D, and I create a QUADS for each side.
My problem is that when I render textures corresponding cube sides, I see these textures overlap each other, as you can see in this image:
my code is:
Initialization:
glGenTextures(2, textures);
glClearColor (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glClearDepth(1.0f); // Depth Buffer Setup
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // Enables Depth Testing
glDepthFunc(GL_ALWAYS);
Transform image in thexture:
up = imread("up.png");
glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT,GL_NICEST);
glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[1]);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);
gluBuild2DMipmaps(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_RGB, up.cols, up.rows, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, up.data);
Display cube:
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
// Set Projection Matrix
glMatrixMode (GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluOrtho2D(0, WIDTH, HEIGHT, 0);
// Switch to Model View Matrix
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textures[1]);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
//sopra
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex2f((GLfloat)((coord[6].x)),(GLfloat)(coord[6].y));
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex2f((GLfloat)((coord[5].x)),(GLfloat)(coord[5].y));
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex2f((GLfloat)((coord[4].x)),(GLfloat)(coord[4].y));
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex2f((GLfloat)((coord[7].x)),(GLfloat)(coord[7].y));
glEnd();
I do the same for the other sides of the cube.
The order in which I render textures is:
bottom (ground) side
up side
behind side
front side
left side
right side
what is wrong or what am I missing? Or, Maybe cannot create a 3d cube with 2d coordinates (glVertex2f (...))?
Thanks for your help!
You can't create a cube with 2d coordinates. The sides are overlapping because they are all on the same plane in space. A cube is in 3d space so needs 3 coordinates, x, y, and z.
So try using:
glVertex3f(x, y, z);
and use some appropriate z values depending on where you want each face.
For the texture you can still use:
glTexCoord2f(x, y);
since the textures are in 2 dimensional space.
If you are still confused about what to use for your coordinates I suggest you read this to help you understand 3d space in openGL:
http://www.falloutsoftware.com/tutorials/gl/gl0.htm
I'm trying to draw a 2d character sprite on top of a 2d tilemap, but when I draw the character he's got odd stuff behind him. This isn't in the sprite, so I think its the blending.
This is how my openGL is set up:
void InitGL(int Width, int Height) // We call this right after our OpenGL window is created.
{
glViewport(0, 0, Width, Height);
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // This Will Clear The Background Color To Black
glClearDepth(1.0); // Enables Clearing Of The Depth Buffer
glDepthFunc(GL_LESS); // The Type Of Depth Test To Do
glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // Enables Depth Testing
//glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); // Enables Smooth Color Shading
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); // Enable Texture Mapping ( NEW )
glShadeModel(GL_FLAT);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glEnable(GL_BLEND);
glBlendFunc(GL_ONE , GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST);
glAlphaFunc(GL_GREATER, 0.5f);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);//configuring projection matrix now
glLoadIdentity();//reset matrix
glOrtho(0, Width, 0, Height, 0.0f, 100.0f);//set a 2d projection matrix
}
How should I set this up to work properly (i.e. drawing the sprite without odd stuff behind him.
This is what I am talking about: http://i.stack.imgur.com/cmotJ.png
PS: I need to be able to put transparent/semi-transparent images on top of each other and have whats behind them visible too
Does your sprite have premultiplied alpha? Your glBlendFunc setup is a little unusual, if you don't have premultiplied alpha it could definitely be causing the issue.