Trigger build when non-source files change - c++

Using CMAKE I added a custom command top copy LUA files from the source directory to the output directory when they are changed. However this command is only fired when Visual Studio decided to build a project (even though I used PRE_BUILD for the custom command). Visual Studio only decides to build when a source file (c++ in this case) changes so when I only change LUA files they are not added to the output directory.
Now in Visual Studio I can change the 'Item Type' in the property pages of the LUA files from 'Does not participate in build' to 'Text'. In that case Visual Studio does trigger a build when only the LUA files change. So how do I make sure that CMAKE assigns the correct Item Type to LUA files? (Or are there other solutions?)
The relevant parts of CMakeLists.txt
SET(LUA_Sources
"lua/initialization.lua")
SOURCE_GROUP("lua" FILES ${LUA_Sources})
ADD_LIBRARY(engine
${LUA_Sources})
foreach(LuaFile ${LUA_Sources})
ADD_CUSTOM_COMMAND(
TARGET engine
PRE_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
ARGS -E
copy_if_different ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${LuaFile} ${EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH}/Debug/${LuaFile})
endforeach()
===========================
For reference the solution, closely inspired by Angew was
SET(LUA_Sources
"lua/initialization.lua")
SOURCE_GROUP("lua" FILES ${LUA_Sources})
set(LUA_Outputs "")
foreach(LuaFile ${LUA_Sources})
list(APPEND LUA_Outputs ${EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH}/Debug/${LuaFile})
endforeach()
add_custom_target(
lua ALL
DEPENDS ${LUA_Outputs}
COMMENT "Copying LUA files"
VERBATIM
)
foreach(LuaFile ${LUA_Sources})
ADD_CUSTOM_COMMAND(
TARGET lua
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
ARGS -E
copy_if_different ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${LuaFile}
endforeach()
I had to switch things around a bit because else the files would not always be copied if they were newer. Probably because of the OUTPUT directive in ADD_CUSTOM_COMMAND instead of the TARGET directive that I use now.

If the CMakeList excerpt is complete and the engine target is only supposed to serve as a placeholder to copy the Lua sources, then you're approaching the problem the wrong way. You should use a custom command + custom target combination instead, like this:
set(LUA_Sources
"lua/initialization.lua")
source_group("lua" FILES ${LUA_Sources})
set(LUA_Outputs "")
foreach(LuaFile ${LUA_Sources})
add_custom_command(
OUTPUT ${EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH}/Debug/${LuaFile}
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
ARGS -E copy_if_different
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${LuaFile}
${EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH}/Debug/${LuaFile}
)
list(APPEND LUA_Outputs ${EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH}/Debug/${LuaFile})
endforeach()
add_custom_target(
engine ALL
DEPENDS ${LUA_Outputs}
COMMENT "Copying LUA files"
VERBATIM
)
This CMakeList creates a custom command to copy each LUA file, and then a custom target which will drive those custom commands by depending on their outputs. Now dependency tracking will work fine.

Related

How can i link a custom library with Cmake? [duplicate]

We use CMake for generating the Visual Studio files of our sources in our SVN. Now my tool requires some DLL files to be in the same folder as the executable. The DLL files are in a folder alongside the source.
How can I change my CMakeLists.txt such that the generated Visual Studio project will either have already the particular DLL files in the release/debug folders or will copy them upon compilation?
I'd use add_custom_command to achieve this along with cmake -E copy_if_different.... For full info run
cmake --help-command add_custom_command
cmake -E
So in your case, if you have the following directory structure:
/CMakeLists.txt
/src
/libs/test.dll
and your CMake target to which the command applies is MyTest, then you could add the following to your CMakeLists.txt:
add_custom_command(TARGET MyTest POST_BUILD # Adds a post-build event to MyTest
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different # which executes "cmake - E copy_if_different..."
"${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libs/test.dll" # <--this is in-file
$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:MyTest>) # <--this is out-file path
If you just want the entire contents of the /libs/ directory copied, use cmake -E copy_directory:
add_custom_command(TARGET MyTest POST_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory
"${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libs"
$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:MyTest>)
If you need to copy different dlls depending upon the configuration (Release, Debug, eg) then you could have these in subdirectories named with the corresponding configuration: /libs/Release, and /libs/Debug. You then need to inject the configuration type into the path to the dll in the add_custom_command call, like this:
add_custom_command(TARGET MyTest POST_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory
"${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libs/$<CONFIGURATION>"
$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:MyTest>)
I put these lines in my top-level CMakeLists.txt file. All the libraries and executables compiled by CMake will be placed in the top level of the build directory so that the executables can find the libraries and it is easy to run everything.
set (CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR})
set (CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR})
Note that this doesn't solve the OP's problem of copying precompiled binaries from the project's source directory.
I've had this problem today when tried to make a Windows build of my program. And I ended up doing some research myself since all these answers didn't satisfy me. There were three main issues:
I wanted debug builds to be linked with debug versions of libraries
and release builds to be linked with release builds of libraries,
respectively.
In addition to that, I wanted correct versions of DLL files
(Debug/Release) to be copied to output directories.
And I wanted to achieve all this without writing complex and fragile scripts.
After browsing some CMake manuals and some multiplatform projects at github I've found this solution:
Declare your library as a target with "IMPORTED" attribute, reference its debug and release .lib and .dll files.
add_library(sdl2 SHARED IMPORTED GLOBAL)
set_property(TARGET sdl2 PROPERTY IMPORTED_IMPLIB_RELEASE "${SDL_ROOT_PATH}/lib/SDL2.lib")
set_property(TARGET sdl2 PROPERTY IMPORTED_LOCATION_RELEASE "${SDL_ROOT_PATH}/bin/SDL2.dll")
set_property(TARGET sdl2 PROPERTY IMPORTED_IMPLIB_DEBUG "${SDL_ROOT_PATH}/lib/SDL2d.lib")
set_property(TARGET sdl2 PROPERTY IMPORTED_LOCATION_DEBUG "${SDL_ROOT_PATH}/bin/SDL2d.dll")
Link this target with your project as usual
target_link_libraries(YourProg sdl2 ...)
Make custom build step to copy dll file to its destination if it has been altered somehow since previous build
add_custom_command ( TARGET YourProg POST_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different
$<TARGET_FILE:sdl2> $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:YourProg>
)
For Windows users, there is a new generator expression $<TARGET_RUNTIME_DLLS:tgt> in CMake 3.21+ and you could use this official snippet for copying all of the DLLs that a target depends on.
find_package(foo REQUIRED)
add_executable(exe main.c)
target_link_libraries(exe PRIVATE foo::foo foo::bar)
add_custom_command(TARGET exe POST_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy $<TARGET_RUNTIME_DLLS:exe> $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:exe>
COMMAND_EXPAND_LISTS
)
Moving files during build using install
I had this issue trying to follow the CMake official tutorial on Step 9. This was the location of the file I wanted to move:
src
|_build
|_Debug
- `MathFunctions.dll`
This was the location I wanted the file to be in:
src
|_build
|_install
|_bin
- `MathFunctions.dll`
Since this DLL was generated as a shared library, all I did was to include this line in the CMakeLists.txt in the subdirectory that contained the source code for the library src/Mathfunctions/CMakeLists.txt
install(FILES ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/$<CONFIG>/MathFunctions.dll
DESTINATION bin)
Thanks to your answers I could think on this one. Is just one line, so I think is ok. The $<CONFIG> can have two values Debug or Release Depending on how the project is built, as the original question required.
You can also use the command find_library:
find_library(<some_var> NAMES <name_of_lib> PATHS "<path/to/lib>")
With a defined EXECUTABLE_PATH, for instance:
set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
you could move the .dll files that your executable need, with
file(COPY ${<some_var>}
DESTINATION ${EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH})
An addendum to the accepted answer, added as a separate answer so I get code formatting:
If you are building your dlls in the same project, they will usually be in Release, Debug, etc. directories. You'll have to use the Visual Studio environment variables to correctly copy them. e.g.:
"${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/your_library/\$\(Configuration\)/your_library.dll"
for the source and
"${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/\$\(Configuration\)/your_library.dll"
for the destination. Note the escaping!
You can't use the CMake CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE variable for the configuration since it's resolved at VS project generation time and will always be whatever the default is.
This is useful for one of them
SET(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib CACHE
PATH "Directory where all the .lib files are dumped." FORCE)
SET(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin CACHE
PATH "Directory where .exe and .dll files are dumped." FORCE)
1. The most correct way: TARGET_RUNTIME_DLLS (CMake >= 3.21)
install(FILES $<TARGET_RUNTIME_DLLS:your_exe_here> TYPE BIN)
For this to work, your dependencies' CMake modules have to be well-written. In other words, they use CMake 3 targets with all their target properties set up correctly. If they set up everything right, all transitively-linked DLLs will be automagically gathered up and installed alongside your exe.
A big difference between this and the straight-up copy-the-files approach is that, because it goes through install(), CMake will actually know about them as files to-be-installed. CPack will know about your DLLs and include them in any installer you generate with it. CMake will automatically adjust what type of DLL (release vs debug) to match your target exe.
This is where CMake will be headed more in the future, and the way you should prefer if you have a choice.
2. The second most correct way: RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES (CMake >= 3.21)
install(TARGETS your_exe_here
RUNTIME ARCHIVE LIBRARY RUNTIME FRAMEWORK BUNDLE PUBLIC_HEADER RESOURCE)
install(TARGETS your_exe_here
COMPONENT your_exe_here
RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES
PRE_EXCLUDE_REGEXES "api-ms-" "ext-ms-"
POST_EXCLUDE_REGEXES ".*system32/.*\\.dll"
DIRECTORIES $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:your_exe_here>)
The key here is RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES.
Internally, RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES calls file(GET_RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES), which scans your executable binary, tries very hard to exactly replicate what actual dependency resolution would look like, and write down all the DLLs mentioned along the way. These are passed back up to install().
What this means is that this doesn't depend on your dependencies' CMake modules having their target properties set up correctly. Your actual executable binary is scanned. Everything will get picked up.
3. The third most correct way: install(DIRECTORY)
install(
DIRECTORY "${DIR_CONTAINING_YOUR_DLLS}"
TYPE BIN
FILES_MATCHING REGEX "[^\\\\/.]\\.[dD][lL][lL]$"
)
To use, put the DLLs appropriate for your build in $DIR_CONTAINING_YOUR_DLLS.
The trick here is that, unlike install(FILES), install(DIRECTORY) doesn't care what specific files are in the directory until install time. That means now we have all of configure time and compile time to get a list of your DLLs and stuff them in $DIR_CONTAINING_YOUR_DLLS. As long as the DLL files are in $DIR_CONTAINING_YOUR_DLLS by install time, install(DIRECTORY) will pick them up.
If you choose this method, it's becomes your responsibility to match DLLs to your build config. (Consider: static vs dynamic, debug vs release, import lib version vs DLL version, libs with optional multithreading, forgetting to remove DLLs you don't need anymore.)
If you choose this method, you might want to automate DLL finding and matching using something like what vcpkg's applocal.ps1 does.
Hint for vcpkg
If you use vpckg with VCPKG_APPLOCAL_DEPS enabled, vcpkg will locate and copy your DLLs into your $CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY for you, but without going through install(). You need to use the install(DIRECTORY) trick to get CMake to pick them up.
(Internally, vcpkg uses dumpbin, llvm-objdump, and objdump to scan your executable binary to get these filenames.)
You probably need to add custom target and make it depend on one of your executable targets.
To copy file using above function use:
COMMAND ${CMAKE_PROGRAM} -E copy_if_different ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/path/to/file.dll ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/where/to/put/file.dll`
The following command from the currently top rated answer depends on the output being put in /libs/.
add_custom_command(TARGET MyTest POST_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory
"${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libs/$<CONFIGURATION>"
$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:MyTest>)
I use the below command to do the copy, which works for me everywhere. Note that I'm only copying the output dll here, not the entire directory. Also note that I'm hard coding a destination /bin/ directory, which is specific to this project. But I wanted to share the $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}>/$<TARGET_FILE_NAME:${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}> syntax, which I think is neat:
add_custom_command(TARGET ${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} POST_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different
$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}>/$<TARGET_FILE_NAME:${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}>
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin/$<TARGET_FILE_NAME:${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}>)
I'm a CMake beginner, but still I wanted to shared my experience. In my case I needed a post-install copy so that all my binaries are in.
In the case of third-party binary that can be imported within CMake, the following works for me:
find_package( dependency REQUIRED )
if( MSVC )
# If done properly and if the dependency has a correct config file, IMPORTED_LOCATION_RELEASE should be defined
get_target_property( DEP_SHARED_LIB_PATH dependency IMPORTED_LOCATION_RELEASE )
# Create a bin directory in the install folder
add_custom_command(TARGET BGS POST_BUILD COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E make_directory ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/bin/)
# Copy the shared lib file
add_custom_command(TARGET BGS POST_BUILD COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy ${DEP_SHARED_LIB_PATH} ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/bin/)
endif()
Obviously IMPORTED_LOCATION_RELEASE can have variants depending on how the shared library was built / installed. Could be IMPORTED_LOCATION_DEBUG.
Maybe there's a better way to get that property name, I don't know.

missing dlls in a project build with vcpkg and CMake [duplicate]

We use CMake for generating the Visual Studio files of our sources in our SVN. Now my tool requires some DLL files to be in the same folder as the executable. The DLL files are in a folder alongside the source.
How can I change my CMakeLists.txt such that the generated Visual Studio project will either have already the particular DLL files in the release/debug folders or will copy them upon compilation?
I'd use add_custom_command to achieve this along with cmake -E copy_if_different.... For full info run
cmake --help-command add_custom_command
cmake -E
So in your case, if you have the following directory structure:
/CMakeLists.txt
/src
/libs/test.dll
and your CMake target to which the command applies is MyTest, then you could add the following to your CMakeLists.txt:
add_custom_command(TARGET MyTest POST_BUILD # Adds a post-build event to MyTest
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different # which executes "cmake - E copy_if_different..."
"${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libs/test.dll" # <--this is in-file
$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:MyTest>) # <--this is out-file path
If you just want the entire contents of the /libs/ directory copied, use cmake -E copy_directory:
add_custom_command(TARGET MyTest POST_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory
"${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libs"
$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:MyTest>)
If you need to copy different dlls depending upon the configuration (Release, Debug, eg) then you could have these in subdirectories named with the corresponding configuration: /libs/Release, and /libs/Debug. You then need to inject the configuration type into the path to the dll in the add_custom_command call, like this:
add_custom_command(TARGET MyTest POST_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory
"${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libs/$<CONFIGURATION>"
$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:MyTest>)
I put these lines in my top-level CMakeLists.txt file. All the libraries and executables compiled by CMake will be placed in the top level of the build directory so that the executables can find the libraries and it is easy to run everything.
set (CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR})
set (CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR})
Note that this doesn't solve the OP's problem of copying precompiled binaries from the project's source directory.
I've had this problem today when tried to make a Windows build of my program. And I ended up doing some research myself since all these answers didn't satisfy me. There were three main issues:
I wanted debug builds to be linked with debug versions of libraries
and release builds to be linked with release builds of libraries,
respectively.
In addition to that, I wanted correct versions of DLL files
(Debug/Release) to be copied to output directories.
And I wanted to achieve all this without writing complex and fragile scripts.
After browsing some CMake manuals and some multiplatform projects at github I've found this solution:
Declare your library as a target with "IMPORTED" attribute, reference its debug and release .lib and .dll files.
add_library(sdl2 SHARED IMPORTED GLOBAL)
set_property(TARGET sdl2 PROPERTY IMPORTED_IMPLIB_RELEASE "${SDL_ROOT_PATH}/lib/SDL2.lib")
set_property(TARGET sdl2 PROPERTY IMPORTED_LOCATION_RELEASE "${SDL_ROOT_PATH}/bin/SDL2.dll")
set_property(TARGET sdl2 PROPERTY IMPORTED_IMPLIB_DEBUG "${SDL_ROOT_PATH}/lib/SDL2d.lib")
set_property(TARGET sdl2 PROPERTY IMPORTED_LOCATION_DEBUG "${SDL_ROOT_PATH}/bin/SDL2d.dll")
Link this target with your project as usual
target_link_libraries(YourProg sdl2 ...)
Make custom build step to copy dll file to its destination if it has been altered somehow since previous build
add_custom_command ( TARGET YourProg POST_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different
$<TARGET_FILE:sdl2> $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:YourProg>
)
For Windows users, there is a new generator expression $<TARGET_RUNTIME_DLLS:tgt> in CMake 3.21+ and you could use this official snippet for copying all of the DLLs that a target depends on.
find_package(foo REQUIRED)
add_executable(exe main.c)
target_link_libraries(exe PRIVATE foo::foo foo::bar)
add_custom_command(TARGET exe POST_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy $<TARGET_RUNTIME_DLLS:exe> $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:exe>
COMMAND_EXPAND_LISTS
)
Moving files during build using install
I had this issue trying to follow the CMake official tutorial on Step 9. This was the location of the file I wanted to move:
src
|_build
|_Debug
- `MathFunctions.dll`
This was the location I wanted the file to be in:
src
|_build
|_install
|_bin
- `MathFunctions.dll`
Since this DLL was generated as a shared library, all I did was to include this line in the CMakeLists.txt in the subdirectory that contained the source code for the library src/Mathfunctions/CMakeLists.txt
install(FILES ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/$<CONFIG>/MathFunctions.dll
DESTINATION bin)
Thanks to your answers I could think on this one. Is just one line, so I think is ok. The $<CONFIG> can have two values Debug or Release Depending on how the project is built, as the original question required.
You can also use the command find_library:
find_library(<some_var> NAMES <name_of_lib> PATHS "<path/to/lib>")
With a defined EXECUTABLE_PATH, for instance:
set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
you could move the .dll files that your executable need, with
file(COPY ${<some_var>}
DESTINATION ${EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH})
An addendum to the accepted answer, added as a separate answer so I get code formatting:
If you are building your dlls in the same project, they will usually be in Release, Debug, etc. directories. You'll have to use the Visual Studio environment variables to correctly copy them. e.g.:
"${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/your_library/\$\(Configuration\)/your_library.dll"
for the source and
"${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/\$\(Configuration\)/your_library.dll"
for the destination. Note the escaping!
You can't use the CMake CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE variable for the configuration since it's resolved at VS project generation time and will always be whatever the default is.
This is useful for one of them
SET(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib CACHE
PATH "Directory where all the .lib files are dumped." FORCE)
SET(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin CACHE
PATH "Directory where .exe and .dll files are dumped." FORCE)
1. The most correct way: TARGET_RUNTIME_DLLS (CMake >= 3.21)
install(FILES $<TARGET_RUNTIME_DLLS:your_exe_here> TYPE BIN)
For this to work, your dependencies' CMake modules have to be well-written. In other words, they use CMake 3 targets with all their target properties set up correctly. If they set up everything right, all transitively-linked DLLs will be automagically gathered up and installed alongside your exe.
A big difference between this and the straight-up copy-the-files approach is that, because it goes through install(), CMake will actually know about them as files to-be-installed. CPack will know about your DLLs and include them in any installer you generate with it. CMake will automatically adjust what type of DLL (release vs debug) to match your target exe.
This is where CMake will be headed more in the future, and the way you should prefer if you have a choice.
2. The second most correct way: RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES (CMake >= 3.21)
install(TARGETS your_exe_here
RUNTIME ARCHIVE LIBRARY RUNTIME FRAMEWORK BUNDLE PUBLIC_HEADER RESOURCE)
install(TARGETS your_exe_here
COMPONENT your_exe_here
RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES
PRE_EXCLUDE_REGEXES "api-ms-" "ext-ms-"
POST_EXCLUDE_REGEXES ".*system32/.*\\.dll"
DIRECTORIES $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:your_exe_here>)
The key here is RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES.
Internally, RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES calls file(GET_RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES), which scans your executable binary, tries very hard to exactly replicate what actual dependency resolution would look like, and write down all the DLLs mentioned along the way. These are passed back up to install().
What this means is that this doesn't depend on your dependencies' CMake modules having their target properties set up correctly. Your actual executable binary is scanned. Everything will get picked up.
3. The third most correct way: install(DIRECTORY)
install(
DIRECTORY "${DIR_CONTAINING_YOUR_DLLS}"
TYPE BIN
FILES_MATCHING REGEX "[^\\\\/.]\\.[dD][lL][lL]$"
)
To use, put the DLLs appropriate for your build in $DIR_CONTAINING_YOUR_DLLS.
The trick here is that, unlike install(FILES), install(DIRECTORY) doesn't care what specific files are in the directory until install time. That means now we have all of configure time and compile time to get a list of your DLLs and stuff them in $DIR_CONTAINING_YOUR_DLLS. As long as the DLL files are in $DIR_CONTAINING_YOUR_DLLS by install time, install(DIRECTORY) will pick them up.
If you choose this method, it's becomes your responsibility to match DLLs to your build config. (Consider: static vs dynamic, debug vs release, import lib version vs DLL version, libs with optional multithreading, forgetting to remove DLLs you don't need anymore.)
If you choose this method, you might want to automate DLL finding and matching using something like what vcpkg's applocal.ps1 does.
Hint for vcpkg
If you use vpckg with VCPKG_APPLOCAL_DEPS enabled, vcpkg will locate and copy your DLLs into your $CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY for you, but without going through install(). You need to use the install(DIRECTORY) trick to get CMake to pick them up.
(Internally, vcpkg uses dumpbin, llvm-objdump, and objdump to scan your executable binary to get these filenames.)
You probably need to add custom target and make it depend on one of your executable targets.
To copy file using above function use:
COMMAND ${CMAKE_PROGRAM} -E copy_if_different ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/path/to/file.dll ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/where/to/put/file.dll`
The following command from the currently top rated answer depends on the output being put in /libs/.
add_custom_command(TARGET MyTest POST_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory
"${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libs/$<CONFIGURATION>"
$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:MyTest>)
I use the below command to do the copy, which works for me everywhere. Note that I'm only copying the output dll here, not the entire directory. Also note that I'm hard coding a destination /bin/ directory, which is specific to this project. But I wanted to share the $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}>/$<TARGET_FILE_NAME:${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}> syntax, which I think is neat:
add_custom_command(TARGET ${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} POST_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different
$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}>/$<TARGET_FILE_NAME:${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}>
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin/$<TARGET_FILE_NAME:${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}>)
I'm a CMake beginner, but still I wanted to shared my experience. In my case I needed a post-install copy so that all my binaries are in.
In the case of third-party binary that can be imported within CMake, the following works for me:
find_package( dependency REQUIRED )
if( MSVC )
# If done properly and if the dependency has a correct config file, IMPORTED_LOCATION_RELEASE should be defined
get_target_property( DEP_SHARED_LIB_PATH dependency IMPORTED_LOCATION_RELEASE )
# Create a bin directory in the install folder
add_custom_command(TARGET BGS POST_BUILD COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E make_directory ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/bin/)
# Copy the shared lib file
add_custom_command(TARGET BGS POST_BUILD COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy ${DEP_SHARED_LIB_PATH} ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/bin/)
endif()
Obviously IMPORTED_LOCATION_RELEASE can have variants depending on how the shared library was built / installed. Could be IMPORTED_LOCATION_DEBUG.
Maybe there's a better way to get that property name, I don't know.

Automatically copy dlls to output directory CPP Using Poco [duplicate]

We use CMake for generating the Visual Studio files of our sources in our SVN. Now my tool requires some DLL files to be in the same folder as the executable. The DLL files are in a folder alongside the source.
How can I change my CMakeLists.txt such that the generated Visual Studio project will either have already the particular DLL files in the release/debug folders or will copy them upon compilation?
I'd use add_custom_command to achieve this along with cmake -E copy_if_different.... For full info run
cmake --help-command add_custom_command
cmake -E
So in your case, if you have the following directory structure:
/CMakeLists.txt
/src
/libs/test.dll
and your CMake target to which the command applies is MyTest, then you could add the following to your CMakeLists.txt:
add_custom_command(TARGET MyTest POST_BUILD # Adds a post-build event to MyTest
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different # which executes "cmake - E copy_if_different..."
"${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libs/test.dll" # <--this is in-file
$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:MyTest>) # <--this is out-file path
If you just want the entire contents of the /libs/ directory copied, use cmake -E copy_directory:
add_custom_command(TARGET MyTest POST_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory
"${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libs"
$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:MyTest>)
If you need to copy different dlls depending upon the configuration (Release, Debug, eg) then you could have these in subdirectories named with the corresponding configuration: /libs/Release, and /libs/Debug. You then need to inject the configuration type into the path to the dll in the add_custom_command call, like this:
add_custom_command(TARGET MyTest POST_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory
"${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libs/$<CONFIGURATION>"
$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:MyTest>)
I put these lines in my top-level CMakeLists.txt file. All the libraries and executables compiled by CMake will be placed in the top level of the build directory so that the executables can find the libraries and it is easy to run everything.
set (CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR})
set (CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR})
Note that this doesn't solve the OP's problem of copying precompiled binaries from the project's source directory.
I've had this problem today when tried to make a Windows build of my program. And I ended up doing some research myself since all these answers didn't satisfy me. There were three main issues:
I wanted debug builds to be linked with debug versions of libraries
and release builds to be linked with release builds of libraries,
respectively.
In addition to that, I wanted correct versions of DLL files
(Debug/Release) to be copied to output directories.
And I wanted to achieve all this without writing complex and fragile scripts.
After browsing some CMake manuals and some multiplatform projects at github I've found this solution:
Declare your library as a target with "IMPORTED" attribute, reference its debug and release .lib and .dll files.
add_library(sdl2 SHARED IMPORTED GLOBAL)
set_property(TARGET sdl2 PROPERTY IMPORTED_IMPLIB_RELEASE "${SDL_ROOT_PATH}/lib/SDL2.lib")
set_property(TARGET sdl2 PROPERTY IMPORTED_LOCATION_RELEASE "${SDL_ROOT_PATH}/bin/SDL2.dll")
set_property(TARGET sdl2 PROPERTY IMPORTED_IMPLIB_DEBUG "${SDL_ROOT_PATH}/lib/SDL2d.lib")
set_property(TARGET sdl2 PROPERTY IMPORTED_LOCATION_DEBUG "${SDL_ROOT_PATH}/bin/SDL2d.dll")
Link this target with your project as usual
target_link_libraries(YourProg sdl2 ...)
Make custom build step to copy dll file to its destination if it has been altered somehow since previous build
add_custom_command ( TARGET YourProg POST_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different
$<TARGET_FILE:sdl2> $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:YourProg>
)
For Windows users, there is a new generator expression $<TARGET_RUNTIME_DLLS:tgt> in CMake 3.21+ and you could use this official snippet for copying all of the DLLs that a target depends on.
find_package(foo REQUIRED)
add_executable(exe main.c)
target_link_libraries(exe PRIVATE foo::foo foo::bar)
add_custom_command(TARGET exe POST_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy $<TARGET_RUNTIME_DLLS:exe> $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:exe>
COMMAND_EXPAND_LISTS
)
Moving files during build using install
I had this issue trying to follow the CMake official tutorial on Step 9. This was the location of the file I wanted to move:
src
|_build
|_Debug
- `MathFunctions.dll`
This was the location I wanted the file to be in:
src
|_build
|_install
|_bin
- `MathFunctions.dll`
Since this DLL was generated as a shared library, all I did was to include this line in the CMakeLists.txt in the subdirectory that contained the source code for the library src/Mathfunctions/CMakeLists.txt
install(FILES ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/$<CONFIG>/MathFunctions.dll
DESTINATION bin)
Thanks to your answers I could think on this one. Is just one line, so I think is ok. The $<CONFIG> can have two values Debug or Release Depending on how the project is built, as the original question required.
You can also use the command find_library:
find_library(<some_var> NAMES <name_of_lib> PATHS "<path/to/lib>")
With a defined EXECUTABLE_PATH, for instance:
set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
you could move the .dll files that your executable need, with
file(COPY ${<some_var>}
DESTINATION ${EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH})
An addendum to the accepted answer, added as a separate answer so I get code formatting:
If you are building your dlls in the same project, they will usually be in Release, Debug, etc. directories. You'll have to use the Visual Studio environment variables to correctly copy them. e.g.:
"${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/your_library/\$\(Configuration\)/your_library.dll"
for the source and
"${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/\$\(Configuration\)/your_library.dll"
for the destination. Note the escaping!
You can't use the CMake CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE variable for the configuration since it's resolved at VS project generation time and will always be whatever the default is.
This is useful for one of them
SET(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib CACHE
PATH "Directory where all the .lib files are dumped." FORCE)
SET(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin CACHE
PATH "Directory where .exe and .dll files are dumped." FORCE)
1. The most correct way: TARGET_RUNTIME_DLLS (CMake >= 3.21)
install(FILES $<TARGET_RUNTIME_DLLS:your_exe_here> TYPE BIN)
For this to work, your dependencies' CMake modules have to be well-written. In other words, they use CMake 3 targets with all their target properties set up correctly. If they set up everything right, all transitively-linked DLLs will be automagically gathered up and installed alongside your exe.
A big difference between this and the straight-up copy-the-files approach is that, because it goes through install(), CMake will actually know about them as files to-be-installed. CPack will know about your DLLs and include them in any installer you generate with it. CMake will automatically adjust what type of DLL (release vs debug) to match your target exe.
This is where CMake will be headed more in the future, and the way you should prefer if you have a choice.
2. The second most correct way: RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES (CMake >= 3.21)
install(TARGETS your_exe_here
RUNTIME ARCHIVE LIBRARY RUNTIME FRAMEWORK BUNDLE PUBLIC_HEADER RESOURCE)
install(TARGETS your_exe_here
COMPONENT your_exe_here
RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES
PRE_EXCLUDE_REGEXES "api-ms-" "ext-ms-"
POST_EXCLUDE_REGEXES ".*system32/.*\\.dll"
DIRECTORIES $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:your_exe_here>)
The key here is RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES.
Internally, RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES calls file(GET_RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES), which scans your executable binary, tries very hard to exactly replicate what actual dependency resolution would look like, and write down all the DLLs mentioned along the way. These are passed back up to install().
What this means is that this doesn't depend on your dependencies' CMake modules having their target properties set up correctly. Your actual executable binary is scanned. Everything will get picked up.
3. The third most correct way: install(DIRECTORY)
install(
DIRECTORY "${DIR_CONTAINING_YOUR_DLLS}"
TYPE BIN
FILES_MATCHING REGEX "[^\\\\/.]\\.[dD][lL][lL]$"
)
To use, put the DLLs appropriate for your build in $DIR_CONTAINING_YOUR_DLLS.
The trick here is that, unlike install(FILES), install(DIRECTORY) doesn't care what specific files are in the directory until install time. That means now we have all of configure time and compile time to get a list of your DLLs and stuff them in $DIR_CONTAINING_YOUR_DLLS. As long as the DLL files are in $DIR_CONTAINING_YOUR_DLLS by install time, install(DIRECTORY) will pick them up.
If you choose this method, it's becomes your responsibility to match DLLs to your build config. (Consider: static vs dynamic, debug vs release, import lib version vs DLL version, libs with optional multithreading, forgetting to remove DLLs you don't need anymore.)
If you choose this method, you might want to automate DLL finding and matching using something like what vcpkg's applocal.ps1 does.
Hint for vcpkg
If you use vpckg with VCPKG_APPLOCAL_DEPS enabled, vcpkg will locate and copy your DLLs into your $CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY for you, but without going through install(). You need to use the install(DIRECTORY) trick to get CMake to pick them up.
(Internally, vcpkg uses dumpbin, llvm-objdump, and objdump to scan your executable binary to get these filenames.)
You probably need to add custom target and make it depend on one of your executable targets.
To copy file using above function use:
COMMAND ${CMAKE_PROGRAM} -E copy_if_different ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/path/to/file.dll ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/where/to/put/file.dll`
The following command from the currently top rated answer depends on the output being put in /libs/.
add_custom_command(TARGET MyTest POST_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory
"${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/libs/$<CONFIGURATION>"
$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:MyTest>)
I use the below command to do the copy, which works for me everywhere. Note that I'm only copying the output dll here, not the entire directory. Also note that I'm hard coding a destination /bin/ directory, which is specific to this project. But I wanted to share the $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}>/$<TARGET_FILE_NAME:${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}> syntax, which I think is neat:
add_custom_command(TARGET ${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME} POST_BUILD
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different
$<TARGET_FILE_DIR:${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}>/$<TARGET_FILE_NAME:${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}>
${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin/$<TARGET_FILE_NAME:${CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}>)
I'm a CMake beginner, but still I wanted to shared my experience. In my case I needed a post-install copy so that all my binaries are in.
In the case of third-party binary that can be imported within CMake, the following works for me:
find_package( dependency REQUIRED )
if( MSVC )
# If done properly and if the dependency has a correct config file, IMPORTED_LOCATION_RELEASE should be defined
get_target_property( DEP_SHARED_LIB_PATH dependency IMPORTED_LOCATION_RELEASE )
# Create a bin directory in the install folder
add_custom_command(TARGET BGS POST_BUILD COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E make_directory ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/bin/)
# Copy the shared lib file
add_custom_command(TARGET BGS POST_BUILD COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy ${DEP_SHARED_LIB_PATH} ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/bin/)
endif()
Obviously IMPORTED_LOCATION_RELEASE can have variants depending on how the shared library was built / installed. Could be IMPORTED_LOCATION_DEBUG.
Maybe there's a better way to get that property name, I don't know.

Copying assets directory from source to build directory in CMake

I am trying to write a game for practice in C++. I am using CMake for this, and my project gets built in a separate build directory automatically by my IDE. However, my assets folder is not being copied over to the new directory.
Currently, I am attempting to resolve this with the following:
add_custom_command(TARGET ${PROJECT_NAME}
POST_BUILD
COMMAND cp -r ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/assets ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}
)
However, this seems to have absolutely no effect on the outcome and the assets directory is still not present in my build directory.
How can I actually make it copy this asset directory to my build location? Is there a smarter way to point my program to my assets location (perhaps one that will also work with assets in /usr/share?)
After quite a while of more searching, I managed to find the file(COPY {files} DESTINATION {directory}) command:
file(COPY assets DESTINATION ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR})
Two ways I've found, both ensuring that it copies on target build and stays up to date even if the target doesn't need to re-build.
The first uses the CMake command line tool copy_directory. It's unclear from the documentation whether this copy always happens, regardless if files in the assets directory were updated or not, or if it only copies when the asset files don't exist or an asset file was updated:
add_custom_target(copy_assets
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_directory ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/assets ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/assets
)
add_dependencies(mytarget copy_assets)
The second requires a small additional CMake script file, but it allows us to use the file(COPY ...) CMake comamnd, which states in the documentation that "copying preserves input file timestamps, and optimizes out a file if it exists at the destination with the same timestamp."
First, create the CMake script file copy-assets.cmake in the same directory as your CMakeLists.txt, with the contents being (similar to Ethan McTague's answer)
file(COPY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/assets DESTINATION ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
And then in your CMakeLists.txt, add the following:
add_custom_target(copy_assets
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -P ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/copy-assets.cmake
)
add_dependencies(mytarget copy_assets)
The solution above using add_custom_target is suitable for most cases, but has a few problems.
Does not support dependent generator expressions (e.g. $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:tgt>)
Re-copies every build (slow for numerous/large files)
Is not particularly readable, especially for copying from multiple locations
Instead, I've been using file GENERATE
set(ASSETS
assetfile
...)
foreach(ASSET ${ASSETS})
file(GENERATE OUTPUT ${ASSET} INPUT ${ASSET})
endforeach()
Note I haven't needed generator expressions yet, but it looks like the latest version of CMake (3.19) adds generator expression support to this function.
Here is what I do with vulkan shaders. Simply replace the compilation step with a copy command:
macro(add_shaders)
cmake_parse_arguments("MY" "TARGET" "SOURCES" ${ARGN})
foreach(src ${MY_SOURCES})
set(OUTF "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/shaders/${src}.spv")
get_filename_component(PARENT_DIR "${OUTF}" DIRECTORY)
add_custom_command(
OUTPUT "${OUTF}"
COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E make_directory "${PARENT_DIR}"
COMMAND "${Vulkan_GLSLC_EXECUTABLE}" "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${src}" -o "${OUTF}"
DEPENDS "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${src}"
VERBATIM
)
# src in order to get listed in the IDE, OUTF to declare the build relationship
target_sources("${MY_TARGET}" PRIVATE "${src}" "${OUTF}")
endforeach()
endmacro()
add_shaders(TARGET my_target SOURCES asset1 asset2 asset3 ...)
You'll have to specify each asset on its own (or loop over a list). Including wildcards into a build is a bad idea [tm]. This will also only copy/process stuff if it has changed.

cmake: trying to call msbuild during cmake script execution

I'm trying to migrate my Visual Studio solution to CMake.
I have two projects - generator (generator.exe generates C++ sources from text files) and myProj (includes some text files that have to be processed by generator.exe).
What I want is:
build generator project
use generator.exe from step1 to generate C++ source files from text files in project myProj
put those generated source files in resulting VS project for myProj
what I've so far:
###################################################################
# in root/generator/CMakeLists.txt:
set(SRC_LIST .... )
set(HDR_LIST .... )
add_executable(generator ${SRC_LIST} ${HDR_LIST})
###################################################################
# in root/my_proj/CMakeLists.txt:
add_subdirectory(../generator/ ../generator/cmake_out)
# TRY TO BUILD GENERATOR.EXE. DON'T WORK, BECAUSE ../generator/cmake_out/ IS EMPTY YET
execute_process(COMMAND msbuild ../generator/cmake_out/generator.vcxproj)
# <copy generated files to ./src>
add_subdirectory(src)
###################################################################
# in root/my_proj/src/CMakeLists.txt:
set(SRC_LIST SomeSource.cpp .... )
set(HDR_LIST SomeSource.h .... )
add_library(myProj STATIC ${SRC_LIST} ${HDR_LIST} )
So, what is wrong here? Why execute_process() fails? Seems like CMake's order of execution is absolutely chaotic.
Use ADD_CUSTOM_COMMAND to execute generator.exe during compilation. Be sure to specify all of the OUTPUT files generated. List those output files as sources for myProj. CMake should build you a solution with two projects that will build generator first, execute it to generate the automatic myProj files, then build myProj.
add_custom_command(
OUTPUT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/output1.cpp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/output1.h
COMMAND generator
DEPENDS generator
)
add_library(myProj ${CMAKE_CURRONT_BINARY_DIR}/output.h ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/output.cpp)
It looks like execute_process failing is the least of your problems, but to answer your question: First of all you can see the result of the called command using
execute_process(COMMAND msbuild ../generator/cmake_out/generator.vcxproj
RESULT_VARIABLE result)
message(STATUS "Result: ${result}")
You will probably see "The system cannot find the file specified" because the CMake shell does not know what directory the msbuild command is in. You can just give the full path to msbuild, for example on my system (VS 2013), I would use:
execute_process(COMMAND "C:\\Program Files\\MSBuild\\14.0\\Bin\\MSBuild.exe"
../generator/cmake_out/generator.vcxproj)