Realloc "random" crash - c++

I have this function to read a triangular 2d array, but sometimes it crashes on realloc. Always on the 6th realloc (current_row = 7). Sometimes it runs fine. Cannot reproduce the error in gdb (works every time). What's wrong?
TRIANGLE *read_triangle(char *file_name)
{
std::ifstream fin(file_name);
int current_row = 0, current_column = 0, buffer;
TRIANGLE *triangle = new TRIANGLE();
triangle->triangle_values[0] = new int[1];
while (fin >> buffer)
{
if (current_column == current_row+1)
{
current_column = 0;
triangle->triangle_values = (int**)realloc(&((void*)triangle->triangle_values), (++current_row+1)*sizeof(int*));
triangle->triangle_values[current_row] = new int[current_row];
}
triangle->triangle_values[current_row][current_column++] = buffer;
}
triangle->rows = current_row-1;
return triangle;
}
The TRIANGLE Definition
struct TRIANGLE
{
int **triangle_values;
int rows;
TRIANGLE(): triangle_values(NULL)
{
triangle_values = new int*[1];
}
};
Input file example:
75
95 64
17 47 82
18 35 87 10
20 04 82 47 65
19 01 23 75 03 34
88 02 77 73 07 63 67
99 65 04 28 06 16 70 92
41 41 26 56 83 40 80 70 33
41 48 72 33 47 32 37 16 94 29
53 71 44 65 25 43 91 52 97 51 14
70 11 33 28 77 73 17 78 39 68 17 57
91 71 52 38 17 14 91 43 58 50 27 29 48
63 66 04 68 89 53 67 30 73 16 69 87 40 31
04 62 98 27 23 09 70 98 73 93 38 53 60 04 23

You're mixing the old style (realloc) and new style (new) memory allocation functions which is not guaranteed to work. By that, I mean they'll work provided you keep them separate but allocating memory with new and then trying to expand that same memory with realloc is a definite no-no.
From C++11 20.6.13, when talking about how the old style functions control the reachability of their blocks:
It also allows malloc() to be implemented with a separate allocation arena.
Hence, there's no guarantee that the memory arenas for old and new style are related to each other at all.
C++ provides all sort of wonderful collection classes with far better resizing methods than malloc/realloc. You should fully embrace the language by using them (such as vector).
Generally, C++ programmers don't use the legacy C stuff unless they're writing things that need to be usable in both C and C++, in which case they're probably better referred to as C programmers, at least temporarily :-)

Related

how to read and parse text files with istringstream?

I am trying to read a .txt file line by line:
vector<vector<int>> iVecGrid;
vector<int> iVecRow;
ifstream text;
text.open("grid.txt", ios::in);
if (!text)
{
cout << "Error!\n";
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
istringstream isLine;
string sLine;
while (getline(text, sLine))
{
isLine.str(sLine);
int iNumber;
while (isLine >> iNumber)
{
cout << iNumber << " ";
iVecRow.push_back(iNumber);
}
cout << endl;
iVecGrid.push_back(iVecRow);
iVecRow.clear();
}
When I put isLine inside the while (getline(text, sLine)) loop, it works fine.
But when I put it outside, it bugged out for some reason.
.txt file:
08 02 22 97 38 15 00 40 00 75 04 05 07 78 52 12 50 77 91 08
49 49 99 40 17 81 18 57 60 87 17 40 98 43 69 48 04 56 62 00
81 49 31 73 55 79 14 29 93 71 40 67 53 88 30 03 49 13 36 65
52 70 95 23 04 60 11 42 69 24 68 56 01 32 56 71 37 02 36 91
22 31 16 71 51 67 63 89 41 92 36 54 22 40 40 28 66 33 13 80
24 47 32 60 99 03 45 02 44 75 33 53 78 36 84 20 35 17 12 50
32 98 81 28 64 23 67 10 26 38 40 67 59 54 70 66 18 38 64 70
67 26 20 68 02 62 12 20 95 63 94 39 63 08 40 91 66 49 94 21
24 55 58 05 66 73 99 26 97 17 78 78 96 83 14 88 34 89 63 72
21 36 23 09 75 00 76 44 20 45 35 14 00 61 33 97 34 31 33 95
78 17 53 28 22 75 31 67 15 94 03 80 04 62 16 14 09 53 56 92
16 39 05 42 96 35 31 47 55 58 88 24 00 17 54 24 36 29 85 57
86 56 00 48 35 71 89 07 05 44 44 37 44 60 21 58 51 54 17 58
19 80 81 68 05 94 47 69 28 73 92 13 86 52 17 77 04 89 55 40
04 52 08 83 97 35 99 16 07 97 57 32 16 26 26 79 33 27 98 66
88 36 68 87 57 62 20 72 03 46 33 67 46 55 12 32 63 93 53 69
04 42 16 73 38 25 39 11 24 94 72 18 08 46 29 32 40 62 76 36
20 69 36 41 72 30 23 88 34 62 99 69 82 67 59 85 74 04 36 16
20 73 35 29 78 31 90 01 74 31 49 71 48 86 81 16 23 57 05 54
01 70 54 71 83 51 54 69 16 92 33 48 61 43 52 01 89 19 67 48
When you are done with the following loop
while (isLine >> iNumber)
{
cout << iNumber << " ";
iVecRow.push_back(iNumber);
}
isLine is in a state of error. The error state needs to cleared. Add the following line after the loop.
isLine.clear();
Also, the position of isLine needs to be reset to point to the start of the string. You can use the following line for that.
isLine.seekg(0);
Both of these problems are avoided by moving the scope of isLine to inside the while block.
The following should work.
while (getline(text, sLine))
{
isLine.str(sLine);
isLine.seekg(0); //ADD. Start reading from position 0.
int iNumber;
while (isLine >> iNumber)
{
cout << iNumber << " ";
iVecRow.push_back(iNumber);
}
isLine.clear(); //ADD. Clear the error state.
cout << endl;
iVecGrid.push_back(iVecRow);
iVecRow.clear();
}
However, I would recommend sticking to your first approach. It removes the unnecessary clutter from your code.
while (getline(text, sLine))
{
std::istringstream isLine(sLine);
int iNumber;
while (isLine >> iNumber)
{
cout << iNumber << " ";
iVecRow.push_back(iNumber);
}
cout << endl;
iVecGrid.push_back(iVecRow);
iVecRow.clear();
}
When you do
while (isLine >> iNumber)
{
cout << iNumber << " ";
iVecRow.push_back(iNumber);
}
the loop runs until isLine enters a failed state. Once it enters that failed state, you can no longer read from it until you call the clear member function to clear those errors. This means that when isLine is declare outside of the while loop, the first iteration of the loop puts it into an error state, and it stays that way for each subsequent iteration since you do not manually clear the errors.
On the other hand, when isLine is declared inside the while loop, it is destroyed at the end of the loop and created again at the start of the next iteration. This process gives you a new stream that is not in a error state so you can use it as expected.

Problem Copying Values to Multidimensional Array

I'm trying to make write a program that can take 81 integers from a text file, and add them to a multidimensional array.
I'm reading from a text file containing these integers:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63
64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72
73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
This is the code that I'm using to do this
int main()
{
ifstream myFile; //ifstream object
int num[8][8]; //multidimensional array
int TempStorage[80]; //temporary storage for reading numbers off of text file
int maybe; //no clue what this one does
int i=0; //used for temp storage input
int x=0; //used to copy values to multidimensional array
myFile.open("numbers.txt"); //open document
if(myFile.is_open()) //check if document is open
{
while(myFile >> maybe) //while numbers are still on document
{
TempStorage[i] = maybe; //input numbers into temporary array
i++; //index
}
myFile.close(); //close document
for(int n=0;n<9;n++) //first loop to control first index n
{
for(int q=0;q<9;q++) //second loop to control second index q
{
num[n][q] = TempStorage[x];//read numbers into multidimensional array
x++;
}
}
}
return 0;
}
However, when I output all the values stored in the multidimensional array, I get the following output. For some reason, it seems that the value of a previous index and the value of the first new index are equal.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 28
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 37
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 46
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 55
55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 64
64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 73
73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 1
I have changed the conditions on my for loops to just about everything that I could think of. Is this just some woefully simple problem that I am overlooking or is it something else?
for(int n=0;n<9;n++)
Your multidimensional array has an [8] size, which means it can get from 0 to 7.

call and print function which return array in c++

I have this functions which return a random array in c++:
int* randomArray(int countOfRows){
int test1 [countOfRows] = {};
int insertValue;
int check;
for (int n=0; n < countOfRows; ++n){
srand(time (NULL) );
while (test1[n] == NULL){
insertValue = (rand () %100 + 1 );
for(int i = 0; i < countOfRows; i++){
if (test1[i] == insertValue){
check = 1;
break;
}
else{
check = 0;
}
}
if (check == 0){
test1[n] = insertValue;
}
}
}
return test1;
}
How can I call that array?
what is the difference between int* and int[]
thank you :)
Your code has four significant problems, one of them critical, one non-standard and implementation dependent, and two general algorithmic problems.
First, the most important, you're returning the address of an automatic variable, which means it is both useless and will invoke undefined behavior to dereference by the caller. Declared at the top of your function is:
int test1 [countOfRows] = {};
which itself brings up the second point, this non-standard for two reasons: variable-length arrays are not supported by the C++ standard, and by inference, initialization of said-same is likewise not supported. Then later...
return test1;
The caller of your function will receive an address, but that address is useless. It no longer addresses anything concrete, as test1 no longer exists once the function returns. This is remedied a number of ways, and considering this is C++, the easiest is using a std::vector<int>, which supports value-return.
The two significant algorithm problems are
Your seeding of srand should not be in the for loop. In fact, if you're using srand and rand, the seeding should be done once in your entire process.
The process of exhaustive searching to see if a current random pick has already been used to avoid duplicates is needless if you simply use a different algorithm, which I'll cover later.
Therefore, the simplest fix for your code will be to do this:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
std::vector<int> randomArray(int countOfRows)
{
std::vector<int> test1(countOfRows);
int check = 0;
for (int n=0; n < countOfRows; ++n)
{
while (test1[n] == 0)
{
int insertValue = (rand () %100 + 1 );
for(int i = 0; i < countOfRows; i++)
{
if (test1[i] == insertValue){
check = 1;
break;
}
else{
check = 0;
}
}
if (check == 0){
test1[n] = insertValue;
}
}
}
return test1;
}
int main()
{
std::srand(static_cast<unsigned>(std::time(NULL)));
std::vector<int> vec = randomArray(20);
for (auto x : vec)
std::cout << x << ' ';
std::cout.put('\n');
}
Output (varies, obviously)
8 50 74 59 31 73 45 79 24 10 41 66 93 43 88 4 28 30 13 70
A Finite Set Algorithm
What you're really trying to generate here is a finite set of integers in the range of 1..100. I.e., there are no duplicate values used, and the number of items being returned could be anything from 1..100 as well. To do this, consider this algorithm:
Generate a sequence of 1..100 in a std::vector<int>
Using a pseudorandom generator from the standard library, shuffle the sequence using std::shuffle
Resize the resulting vector to be the number of elements you want to return.
Regarding #3 from above, consider a small example, suppose you wanted just ten elements. Initially you build a sequence vector that looks like this:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13... ...99 100
Now you shuffle this vector using a std::shuffle and a pseudorandom generator like std::mt19937 : (the first twenty elements shown for brevity):
48 39 31 44 68 84 98 40 57 76 70 16 30 93 9 51 63 65 45 81...
Now, you simply resize the vector down to the size you want, in this case ten elements:
48 39 31 44 68 84 98 40 57
And that is your result. If this sounds complicated, you may be surprised to see how little code it actually takes:
Code
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <numeric>
#include <random>
std::vector<int> randomSequence100(std::size_t count)
{
if (count > 100)
count = 100;
static std::random_device rd;
std::vector<int> result(100);
std::iota(result.begin(), result.end(), 1);
std::shuffle(result.begin(), result.end(), std::mt19937(rd()));
result.resize(count);
return result;
}
int main()
{
// run twenty tests of random shuffles.
for (int i=0; i<20; ++i)
{
auto res = randomSequence100(20);
for (auto x : res)
std::cout << x << ' ';
std::cout.put('\n');
}
}
Output
27 71 58 6 74 65 56 37 53 44 25 91 10 86 51 75 31 79 18 46
6 61 92 74 30 20 91 89 64 55 19 12 28 13 5 80 62 71 29 43
92 42 2 1 78 89 65 39 37 64 96 20 62 33 6 12 85 34 29 19
46 63 8 44 42 80 70 2 68 56 86 84 45 85 91 33 20 83 16 93
100 99 4 20 47 32 58 57 11 35 39 43 87 55 77 51 80 7 46 83
48 39 31 44 68 84 98 40 57 76 70 16 30 93 9 51 63 65 45 81
32 73 97 83 56 49 39 29 3 59 45 89 43 78 61 5 57 51 82 8
21 46 25 29 48 37 77 74 32 56 87 91 94 86 57 67 33 9 23 36
27 46 66 40 1 72 41 64 53 26 31 77 42 38 81 47 58 73 4 11
79 77 46 48 70 82 62 87 8 97 51 99 53 43 47 91 98 81 64 26
27 55 28 12 49 5 70 94 77 29 84 23 52 3 25 56 18 45 74 48
95 33 25 80 81 53 55 11 70 2 38 77 65 13 27 48 40 57 87 93
70 95 66 84 15 87 94 43 73 1 13 89 44 96 10 58 39 2 23 72
43 53 93 7 95 6 19 89 37 71 26 4 17 39 30 79 54 44 60 98
63 26 92 64 83 84 30 19 12 71 95 4 81 18 42 38 87 45 62 70
78 80 95 64 71 17 14 57 54 37 51 26 12 16 56 6 98 45 92 85
89 73 2 15 43 65 21 55 14 27 67 31 54 52 25 72 41 6 85 33
4 87 19 95 78 97 27 13 15 49 3 17 47 10 84 48 37 2 94 81
15 98 77 64 99 68 34 79 95 48 49 4 59 32 17 24 36 53 75 56
78 46 20 30 29 35 87 53 84 61 65 85 54 94 68 75 43 91 95 52
Each row above was a set of twenty elements take from the sequence of 1..100. No single row has duplicates (check if you want).
Caveat
This technique works wonderfully for either small domains or large result sets from larger domains. But it has its limits to consider.
For example: Once your potential domain reaches the point significant size (say, numbers in 1...1000000) and you want only small result sets (say, no larger than 100 elements), you're better off using a std::unordered_set and iterative probing similar to what you're doing now. The technique you use depends entirely on your performance goals and your usage patterns.
Counterexample: If you wanted a half-million unique elements shuffled from a million-element domain, the load/shuffle/resize technique will work well.
Ultimately you have to decide, and measure to confirm.
Some useful links about some of the things used here (bookmark this site, as it is absolute gold for information about C++):
std::vector
std::iota
std::random_device
std::mt19937
std::shuffle
From my view this function has problems.
It return the point of test1, which is allocated in the stack, which is invalid out of the scope of randomArray.
So if you change to malloc, this is allocated in heap, then it still valid when out of the scope of randomArray.
int *test1 = (int*) malloc(countOfRows* sizeof(int));
And you can using test1[x] to get the value of each int, for sure you should know the length of test1 is countOfRows.
Please don't forget to delete this point when it is not used...
Call this array is simple
int* values = randomArray(1000);
printf("%d\r\n",values[0]);
In the function randomArray() declare test1[] as a static int[].
return the array using pointers,
" return test1 "
in the main function use a pointer to access the return value
" int *ptr=randomArray(n) "

C++ why do I only get the last line?

This is the text of my program:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
string line;
ifstream inf("grid.txt");
while(!inf.eof()){
getline(inf, line);
cout << line;
}
return 0;
}
(I'll be using sstream later)
This is the contents of grid.txt:
08 02 22 97 38 15 00 40 00 75 04 05 07 78 52 12 50 77 91 08
49 49 99 40 17 81 18 57 60 87 17 40 98 43 69 48 04 56 62 00
81 49 31 73 55 79 14 29 93 71 40 67 53 88 30 03 49 13 36 65
52 70 95 23 04 60 11 42 69 24 68 56 01 32 56 71 37 02 36 91
22 31 16 71 51 67 63 89 41 92 36 54 22 40 40 28 66 33 13 80
24 47 32 60 99 03 45 02 44 75 33 53 78 36 84 20 35 17 12 50
32 98 81 28 64 23 67 10 26 38 40 67 59 54 70 66 18 38 64 70
67 26 20 68 02 62 12 20 95 63 94 39 63 08 40 91 66 49 94 21
24 55 58 05 66 73 99 26 97 17 78 78 96 83 14 88 34 89 63 72
21 36 23 09 75 00 76 44 20 45 35 14 00 61 33 97 34 31 33 95
78 17 53 28 22 75 31 67 15 94 03 80 04 62 16 14 09 53 56 92
16 39 05 42 96 35 31 47 55 58 88 24 00 17 54 24 36 29 85 57
86 56 00 48 35 71 89 07 05 44 44 37 44 60 21 58 51 54 17 58
19 80 81 68 05 94 47 69 28 73 92 13 86 52 17 77 04 89 55 40
04 52 08 83 97 35 99 16 07 97 57 32 16 26 26 79 33 27 98 66
88 36 68 87 57 62 20 72 03 46 33 67 46 55 12 32 63 93 53 69
04 42 16 73 38 25 39 11 24 94 72 18 08 46 29 32 40 62 76 36
20 69 36 41 72 30 23 88 34 62 99 69 82 67 59 85 74 04 36 16
20 73 35 29 78 31 90 01 74 31 49 71 48 86 81 16 23 57 05 54
01 70 54 71 83 51 54 69 16 92 33 48 61 43 52 01 89 19 67 48
I'm compiling this under Cygwin and g++ and here's what I get:
$ g++ program.cpp
$ ./a.exe
01 70 54 71 83 51 54 69 16 92 33 48 61 43 52 01 89 19 67 48
To save you looking - that's the last line of the file. If I replace the loop with:
getline(inf, line);
cout << line;
getline(inf, line);
cout << line;
it will display not the first, but the second line of the file. It's been a while since I've last programmed in C++ but I'm 90% sure it's supposed to display more than one line there...
Try adding a std::endl, which will automatically append a newline and flush the buffer.
You can also use the istream& getline ( istream& is, string& str, char delim ); signature to specify another delimiter than the default which is newline in case your file doesn't have any.
What file format is your grid.txt? It's likely that your lines end with a carriage return \r
Just as I finished asking my question I tried:
cout << "hi";
before changing it to the two couts. When I got two extra characters, that's when I realized I was getting the \r character. (Can you tell I've ran into problems with the carriage return before? :P )
You're not emitting a newline at the end of the lines, so they're overwriting each other.
Change the output line to
cout << line << endl;
You're reading binary data using getline. Try using read() instead.

Why doesn't Clojure let me define zero-padded numbers?

I'm trying to bind the following grid to a symbol
(def grid [08 02 22 97 38 15 00 40 00 75 04 05 07 78 52 12 50 77 91 08
49 49 99 40 17 81 18 57 60 87 17 40 98 43 69 48 04 56 62 00
81 49 31 73 55 79 14 29 93 71 40 67 53 88 30 03 49 13 36 65
52 70 95 23 04 60 11 42 69 24 68 56 01 32 56 71 37 02 36 91
22 31 16 71 51 67 63 89 41 92 36 54 22 40 40 28 66 33 13 80
24 47 32 60 99 03 45 02 44 75 33 53 78 36 84 20 35 17 12 50
32 98 81 28 64 23 67 10 26 38 40 67 59 54 70 66 18 38 64 70
67 26 20 68 02 62 12 20 95 63 94 39 63 08 40 91 66 49 94 21
24 55 58 05 66 73 99 26 97 17 78 78 96 83 14 88 34 89 63 72
21 36 23 09 75 00 76 44 20 45 35 14 00 61 33 97 34 31 33 95
78 17 53 28 22 75 31 67 15 94 03 80 04 62 16 14 09 53 56 92
16 39 05 42 96 35 31 47 55 58 88 24 00 17 54 24 36 29 85 57
86 56 00 48 35 71 89 07 05 44 44 37 44 60 21 58 51 54 17 58
19 80 81 68 05 94 47 69 28 73 92 13 86 52 17 77 04 89 55 40
04 52 08 83 97 35 99 16 07 97 57 32 16 26 26 79 33 27 98 66
88 36 68 87 57 62 20 72 03 46 33 67 46 55 12 32 63 93 53 69
04 42 16 73 38 25 39 11 24 94 72 18 08 46 29 32 40 62 76 36
20 69 36 41 72 30 23 88 34 62 99 69 82 67 59 85 74 04 36 16
20 73 35 29 78 31 90 01 74 31 49 71 48 86 81 16 23 57 05 54
01 70 54 71 83 51 54 69 16 92 33 48 61 43 52 01 89 19 67 48])
This yields Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NumberFormatException: Invalid number: 08 (11.clj:1). Why can't I do this in Clojure? Are there any workarounds?
Clarification
All I want to do is paste this grid somewhere and have it act as if there were no leading zeros, even if it takes a little coercion. I don't want to have to drop all of the zeros in my editor, I'd just like to paste it in there and have each number behave as if there were no leading zeros.
One other strange detail
The REPL seems to allow zero-padded numbers, but executing a .clj file with java -cp clojure.jar -i some_file.clj will throw the error.
Leading zeros imply an octal number, so 08 is not valid. Many programming languages use this convention, starting with C.
SPOILER ALERT:
Since you're solving a Project Euler problem, you might not want to read this, even though it's only about the "how to read in the data?" part of it...
The reason this happens is as explained in the other answers. The correct solution would be to embed the input in your code as a string -- with linebreaks! -- and use something like the following:
(->> the-string
(.split #"\n")
(map #(.split #"\s+" %))
(map (partial drop-while empty?))
;; this just doesn't care about the leading 0
(mapcat (partial map #(Integer/parseInt %)))
vec)
This should produce a vector of your numbers. For a two-dimentional vector, you could replace the mapcat with a regular map and put in an extra (map vec) before the final vec.
If you prefer to put the input in a separate file and have Clojure read it from there, replace the-string and (.split #"\n") with a call to line-seq on a reader on your file.x
numbers with a leading 0 are read as if they where in base 8 so any charcter not between 0-7 will not work. to fix this you can append 10r08 to explicity specify the base.
user> 10r08
8
user> 08
; Evaluation aborted.
This messes up your nice formatting though :( sorry about that. you could write a little macro to change this for a block if you want to preserve your nicely formatted code.
Regular expressions will remove leading zeros
(re-seq #"[1-9]+[0-9]*|0{2}" the-string)
The regex phrase breaks down as follows:
[1-9]+ ;; one or more repetitions of 1-9 (i.e. must start with 1-9)
[0-9]* ;; zeros are ok after the first non-zero number has been found
|0{2} ;; or if the above can't be found, just look for two zeros
A more general expression is
#"[1-9]+[0-9]*|(?<=\s)0+(?=\s)"
which does the same thing but in the 'or' portion it uses positive lookahead and lookbehind assertions to look for a sequence of one or more zeros preceded and followed by whitespace.
With the leading zeros stripped (map read-string (re-seq ....)) works just fine
Since it only took about 3 minutes to remove all leading zeroes, I'll just paste the above vector with the zeroes removed in case anyone else wants to copy/paste the euler problem.
(def grid [ 8 2 22 97 38 15 0 40 0 75 4 5 7 78 52 12 50 77 91 8
49 49 99 40 17 81 18 57 60 87 17 40 98 43 69 48 4 56 62 0
81 49 31 73 55 79 14 29 93 71 40 67 53 88 30 3 49 13 36 65
52 70 95 23 4 60 11 42 69 24 68 56 1 32 56 71 37 2 36 91
22 31 16 71 51 67 63 89 41 92 36 54 22 40 40 28 66 33 13 80
24 47 32 60 99 3 45 2 44 75 33 53 78 36 84 20 35 17 12 50
32 98 81 28 64 23 67 10 26 38 40 67 59 54 70 66 18 38 64 70
67 26 20 68 02 62 12 20 95 63 94 39 63 8 40 91 66 49 94 21
24 55 58 5 66 73 99 26 97 17 78 78 96 83 14 88 34 89 63 72
21 36 23 9 75 0 76 44 20 45 35 14 0 61 33 97 34 31 33 95
78 17 53 28 22 75 31 67 15 94 3 80 4 62 16 14 9 53 56 92
16 39 5 42 96 35 31 47 55 58 88 24 0 17 54 24 36 29 85 57
86 56 0 48 35 71 89 7 05 44 44 37 44 60 21 58 51 54 17 58
19 80 81 68 5 94 47 69 28 73 92 13 86 52 17 77 4 89 55 40
4 52 8 83 97 35 99 16 7 97 57 32 16 26 26 79 33 27 98 66
88 36 68 87 57 62 20 72 3 46 33 67 46 55 12 32 63 93 53 69
4 42 16 73 38 25 39 11 24 94 72 18 8 46 29 32 40 62 76 36
20 69 36 41 72 30 23 88 34 62 99 69 82 67 59 85 74 4 36 16
20 73 35 29 78 31 90 1 74 31 49 71 48 86 81 16 23 57 5 54
1 70 54 71 83 51 54 69 16 92 33 48 61 43 52 1 89 19 67 48])