I'm trying to perform a deep copy for my Queue (FIFO) using nodes and I'm getting an error and Don't know what's causing it. All the methods work fine when I don't copy anything but as soon as I try to copy I get a "MyQueue.exe" stopped working. This happens when I don't even use the methods. It also happens even if I comment out the whole do-while loop. Anyone know what's causing this?
MyQueue::MyQueue (void)
{
head = NULL;
queueSize = 0;
}
MyQueue::MyQueue (const MyQueue & myq)
{
copyQueue (myq);
}
MyQueue & MyQueue::operator = (const MyQueue & myq)
{
copyQueue (myq);
return *this;
}
void MyQueue::copyQueue (const MyQueue & myq)
{
head = NULL;
queueSize = 0;
Node* temp = myq.head->next;
do
{
enqueue(myq.head->data);
temp = temp->next;
}
while ( temp->next != NULL );
}
MyQueue::~MyQueue (void)
{
}
void MyQueue::enqueue (const int n)
{
Node* temp = tail;
tail = new Node (n);
queueSize++;
if ( empty() )
{
head = tail;
}
else
{
temp->next = tail;
}
}
int MyQueue::dequeue (void)
{
if ( !empty() )
{
int result = head->data;
Node* temporary = head;
head = (temporary->data, temporary->next);
queueSize--;
return result;
}
else
{
std::cout << "No Items to remove" << std::endl;
return NULL;
}
}
int MyQueue::peek (void)
{
return head->data;
}
bool MyQueue::empty (void)
{
if ( head == NULL || queueSize == 0)
{
return true;
}
return false;
}
This is how my node is copied
Node & Node::operator = (const Node* & nd)
{
data = nd->data;
next = nd->next;
}
MyQueue q1;
MyQueue q2 = q1; // Crash.
This will crash, because the head is NULL, and you dereference it in the copyQueue() method.
Node* temp = myq.head->next;
Related
I'm trying to implement a function in my linked list that pushes the values of one list into a stack, and then pops off those values into another list.
The problem is, when I try to std::cout << x, the first stack's topmost element, I get this error:
c:\mingw\lib\gcc\mingw32\8.2.0\include\c++\ostream:682:5: error: no type named 'type' in 'struct std::enable_if<false, std::basic_ostream<char>&>'
#include <iostream>
#include <cstddef>
#include <string>
#include <stack>
#include <vector>
using Item = std::string;
class List {
public:
class ListNode { //Changed this to public so I could access it. If this was in private how would I accomplish this?
public:
Item item;
ListNode * next;
ListNode(Item i, ListNode *n=nullptr) {
item = i;
next = n;
}
};
ListNode * head;
ListNode * tail; //Also in private, changed to public, so I could access it. This is the bottom boundry.
class iterator {
ListNode *node;
public:
iterator(ListNode *n = nullptr) {
node = n;
}
Item& getItem() { return node->item; }
void next() { node = node->next; }
bool end() { return node==nullptr; }
friend class List;
};
public:
List() {
// list is empty
head = nullptr;
tail = nullptr;
}
List(const List &other)
{
iterator o = other.begin();
while(!o.end())
{
append(o.getItem());
o.next();
}
}
bool empty() {
return head==nullptr;
}
// Only declared, here, implemented
// in List.cpp
void append(Item a);
bool remove (Item ©);
void insertAfter(iterator, Item);
void removeAfter(iterator, Item&);
iterator begin() const {
return iterator(head);
}
};
void List::append(Item a) {
ListNode *node = new ListNode(a);
if ( head == nullptr ) {
// empty list
head = node;
tail = node;
} else {
tail->next = node;
tail = node;
}
}
bool List::remove(Item ©)
{
if (!empty()) {
copy = head->item;
ListNode *tmp = head->next;
delete head;
head = tmp;
if (head==nullptr)
tail = nullptr;
return true;
}
return false;
}
void List::insertAfter(iterator it, Item item)
{
if (it.node == nullptr)
{
// insert at head
ListNode *tmp = new ListNode(item,head);
// if list is empty, set tail to new node
if (tail==nullptr) {
tail = tmp;
}
// set head to new node
head = tmp;
}
else
{
ListNode *tmp = new ListNode(item,it.node->next);
it.node->next = tmp;
// could be a new tail, if so update tail
if (tail==it.node) {
tail = tmp;
}
}
}
void List::removeAfter(iterator it, Item& item)
{
// emtpy list or at tail, just return
if (it.node == tail) return;
if (it.node == nullptr)
{
ListNode * tmp = head;
head = head->next;
delete tmp;
if (head==nullptr)
tail = nullptr;
}
else
{
ListNode *tmp = it.node->next;
it.node->next = tmp->next;
delete tmp;
// could be that it.node is the new nullptr
if (it.node->next == nullptr)
tail = it.node;
}
}
List reverse(const List &l)
{
List::iterator iter1 = l.begin();
std::stack<List::ListNode> first;
while(!(iter1.end())) {
first.push(iter1.getItem());
iter1.next();
}
List lthe3;
int z = first.size();
for (int i=0; i < z; ++i) {
List::ListNode x = first.top();
std::cout << x;
}
return l;
}
void printList(List &l) {
List::iterator i = l.begin();
while(!i.end()) {
std::cout << i.getItem() << ", ";
i.next();
}
std::cout << std::endl;
}
int main()
{
List l;
l.append("one");
l.append("two");
l.append("three");
l.append("four");
std::cout << "List in order: ";
printList(l);
List l2 = reverse(l);
std::cout << "List in reverse order: ";
printList(l2);
return 0;
}
I have no clue what I'm doing wrong, but I'm really close to finishing this function.
Is there any way I could get some feedback?
I have compiled my code and it seemed to work correctly. But out of no-where I get the error (this->tail was nullptr). I have tried changing the creation of the new node. But nothing seems to work. I cannot tell where tail is being set to nullptr and messing up the code.
How would I go about fixing this problem? Is there any way to set tail to non-nullptr without ruining every other function? I am not too familiar with exception throwing, so if you could explain the situation it would help a lot.
#ifndef MYDLL_H
#define MYDLL_H
#include <iostream>
#include <new>
using namespace std;
class MyDLL
{
struct Node
{
int i;
Node* next;
Node* prev;
};
Node* head;
Node* tail;
public:
MyDLL();
~MyDLL();
void append(int);
void remove(int);
bool find(int) const;
void clear();
void print() const;
void reverse() const;
};
MyDLL::MyDLL()
{
head = nullptr;
tail = nullptr;
}
MyDLL::~MyDLL()
{
clear();
}
void MyDLL::append(int i)
{
Node *n = new Node{ i, nullptr, nullptr };
if (head = nullptr)
{
head = n;
tail = n;
}
else
{
n->prev = tail;
tail->next = n; **<--- This is where the exception thrown error is showing up**
tail = n;
}
}
void MyDLL::remove(int i)
{
Node* p = head;
Node* q = tail;
while (p != nullptr && p->i != i)
{
q = p;
p = p->next;
}
if (p = nullptr)
{
return;
}
if (q = nullptr)
{
head = p->next;
}
else
{
q->next = p->next;
}
if (p->next = 0)
{
tail = q;
}
else
{
p->next->prev = q;
}
delete(p);
}
bool MyDLL::find(int i) const
{
Node* p = tail;
while (p != nullptr)
{
if (p->i = i)
{
return (true);
}
p = p->prev;
}
return (false);
}
void MyDLL::clear()
{
while (tail != nullptr)
{
Node* p = tail;
tail = p->prev;
delete (p);
}
head = nullptr;
}
void MyDLL::print() const
{
Node* p = head;
while (p)
{
cout << p->i << "\t";
p = p->next;
}
cout << "\n";
}
void MyDLL::reverse() const
{
Node* p = tail;
while (p)
{
cout << p->i << "\t";
p = p->prev;
}
cout << "\n";
}
#endif
int main()
{
MyDLL list;
list.append(5);
list.append(6);
list.append(7);
list.append(8);
list.print();
list.reverse();
cout << system("pause");
}
This code is exactly why you want to use nullptr = tail instead of tail = nullptr. In particular, every time you "check" for tail to be a null pointer, you are assigning nullptr to tail, and then assign operator returns a value which gets then implicitly casted to a boolean value, giving you no errors. But the error is actually there. Replace the "=" operator with "==" when performing a comparison, unless you actually have a reason for assigning and checking the return value.
Please fix = with == in your code.
void MyDLL::append(int i)
{
Node *n = new Node{ i, nullptr, nullptr };
if (head == nullptr)
It is always recommended to do like the reverse comparison (nullptr == head)
so I was trying to build this project on deque using the doubly linked list. but when I build it. it says build but gives threads and doesn't give the output as required.
I have re-implemented the major problem(copy constructor) and all the functions again and again but then it still gives me new threads every time.
this is the header file.
#pragma once
#include <stdexcept>
using namespace std;
class Node
{
public:
int data;
Node* next;
Node* previous;
Node();
Node(const int &x);
};
class Deque
{
public:
Deque();
Deque(const Deque &d);
Deque &operator= (const Deque &d);
~Deque();
void insertFront(const int &x);
void insertBack(const int &x);
int removeFront();
int removeBack();
int peekFront();
int peekBack();
bool empty() const;
int size()const;
friend ostream& operator << (ostream &out, const Deque &d);
private:
Node* front;
Node* rear;
};
this will be the .cpp (implementation file.)
//
// Deque_cmpt225.cpp
// Deque_cmpt225
//
// Created by Aryan Arora on 2017-10-09.
// Copyright © 2017 Aryan Arora. All rights reserved.
//
#include "Deque_cmpt225.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
using namespace std;
Node:: Node()
{
previous = nullptr;
next = nullptr;
data = 0;
}
Node:: Node(const int &x)
{
Node();
data = x;
}
Deque:: Deque() //Empty Deque.
{
front = nullptr;
rear = nullptr;
}
Deque:: ~Deque()
{
if (this->empty())
return;
else{
Node* temp;
while (this->front->next != nullptr){
temp = this->front;
this->front = this->front->next;
delete temp;
}
temp = this->front;
this->front = nullptr;
this->rear = nullptr;
delete temp;
}
}
Deque:: Deque (const Deque &d) //Copy Constructor
{
if (d.empty()) //Deque is empty.
{
return;
}
Node* temp = d.front;
int x;
if (temp->next == nullptr) //Deque of just one node
{
x = temp->data;
Node *n1 = new Node (x);
n1->next = nullptr;
n1->previous = nullptr;
this->front = n1;
this->rear = n1;
}
else //Deque has more than one node
{
while (temp!= nullptr)
{
this->insertBack(temp->data);
temp = temp -> next;
}
}
}
Deque& Deque:: operator=(const Deque &d) //============================check again
{
if (this == &d)
return *this;
else
{
this->~Deque(); //DELETING THE DEQUE
Node* temp = d.front; //COPYING EACH NODE
while (temp != NULL)
{
this->insertBack(temp->data); //INSERTING AT THE BACK
temp = temp->next; //POINTING TEMP TO NEXT NODE
}
}
return *this;
}
void Deque:: insertFront(const int &x)
{
Node* temp = new Node(x);
temp->next = nullptr;
temp->previous = nullptr;
if (empty())
{
this->front = temp;
this->rear = temp;
}
else
{
temp->next = this->front;
temp->previous = nullptr;
this->front->previous = temp;
this->front = temp;
}
}
void Deque:: insertBack(const int &x)
{
Node* temp = new Node(x);
temp->next = nullptr;
temp->previous = nullptr;
if (empty())
{
this->front = temp;
this->rear = temp;
}
else
{
temp->next = nullptr;
temp->previous = this->rear;
this->rear->next = temp;
this->rear = temp;
}
}
int Deque:: removeFront()
{
if (empty()) //=================runtime error
{
throw std::runtime_error("The que is empty.");
}
else{
Node* temp;
temp = this->front;
int x = temp->data;
if ( this->front->next != nullptr )
{
this->front = this->front->next;
this->front->previous = nullptr;
}
else
{
this->front = nullptr;
this->rear = nullptr;
}
delete temp;
return x;
}
}
int Deque:: removeBack()
{
if (empty()) //=================runtime error
{
throw std::runtime_error("The que is empty.");
}
else{
Node* temp = this->rear;
int x = temp->data;
if ( this->rear->previous != nullptr )
{
this->rear = this->rear->previous;
this->rear->next = nullptr;
}
else
{
this->rear = nullptr;
this->front = nullptr;
}
delete temp;
return x;
}
}
int Deque:: peekFront()
{
if (empty()) //=================runtime error
{
throw std::runtime_error("The que is empty.");
}
else
{
return this->front->data;
}
}
int Deque:: peekBack()
{
if (empty()) //=================runtime error
{
throw std::runtime_error("The que is empty.");
}
else
{
return this->rear->data;
}
}
bool Deque:: empty() const
{
if (this->front == nullptr && this->rear == nullptr)
return true;
else
return false;
}
int Deque:: size() const
{
Node* temp = this->front;
int count = 0;
while (temp != nullptr)
{
count++;
temp = temp->next;
}
return count;
}
ostream& operator << (ostream &out, const Deque &d)
{
Node* temp = d.front;
out << "NULL -> ";
while (temp != nullptr)
{
out << temp->data << " <-> ";
temp= temp->next;
}
out << "<- NULL" << endl;
return out;
}
thanks in advance.
Your code has many problems..
Your Node constructor doesn't delegate properly..
Node::Node()
{
previous = nullptr;
next = nullptr;
data = 0;
}
Node::Node(const int &x)
{
Node(); //Creates a temporary node that gets destroyed immediately..
data = x;
}
It's much simpler if you change it to:
Node::Node() : Node(0) //Delegating constructor.
{
}
Node::Node(const int &x) : previous(nullptr), next(nullptr), data(x)
{
}
This point isn't really a problem, but worth mentioning.. You keep setting the Node pointers to nullptr right after construction. This is not necessary because your constructor already does that..
Node* temp = new Node(x);
temp->next = nullptr; //Not needed anymore with the above fixes.
temp->previous = nullptr; //Not needed anymore with the above fixes.
You never initialize your variables in the copy constructor..
In your constructor, you have (I changed it, but it has the same meaning):
Deque::Deque() : front(nullptr), rear(nullptr)
{
}
But in your copy constructor, you have:
Deque::Deque(const Deque &d)
{
//Other code here.. You never initialized front and rear to nullptr..
}
You never set front and rear to nullptr so empty() returns false since they are a "random" uninitialized value.. Then in insertBack you go on to access this and boom.. Access Violation.
To fix it, you do:
Deque::Deque(const Deque &d) : front(nullptr), rear(nullptr)
{
//Other code here..
}
Next issue is that your copy assignment operator is calling the destructor!
Deque& Deque::operator=(const Deque &d)
{
if (this == &d)
return *this;
else
{
this->~Deque() //YOU CANNOT DO THIS.. Create a private member function for cleaning up.. Then call that function in your destructor and call that function here.. You cannot invoke the destructor like this.
}
//....
}
When I run valgrind, I get one error at method insert for operator new;
I know this probably means that I have to delete node n how I tried so many things to try to delete it but it just gives me even more errors. Please hel.
class key_value_sequences {
public:
struct node{
int key;
vector<int> values;
node* next;
node* prev;
};
key_value_sequences() {
}
~key_value_sequences() {
}
key_value_sequences(const key_value_sequences& A) {
n = A.n;
head = A.head;
tail = A.tail;
v = A.v;
}
key_value_sequences& operator=(const key_value_sequences& A) {
if (this == &A) return *this;
n = A.n;
head = A.head;
tail = A.tail;
v = A.v;
return *this;
}
// YOU SHOULD USE C++ CONTAINERS TO AVOID RAW POINTERS
// IF YOU DECIDE TO USE POINTERS, MAKE SURE THAT YOU MANAGE MEMORY PROPERLY
// IMPLEMENT ME: SHOULD RETURN SIZE OF A SEQUENCE FOR GIVEN KEY
// IF NO SEQUENCE EXISTS FOR A GIVEN KEY RETURN -1
int size(int key) const {
if (find(v.begin(), v.end(), key)!=v.end()) {
node* temp = head;
while(temp != NULL) {
if (temp->key == key) {
return temp->values.size();
}
else temp = temp->next;
}
}
else return -1;
}
// IMPLEMENT ME: SHOULD RETURN POINTER TO A SEQUENCE FOR GIVEN KEY
// IF NO SEQUENCE EXISTS FOR A GIVEN KEY RETURN nullptr
const int* data(int key) const {
if (find(v.begin(), v.end(), key)!=v.end()) {
node* temp = head;
while(temp != NULL) {
if (temp->key == key) {
return temp->values.data();
}
else temp = temp->next;
}
}
else return nullptr;
}
// IMPLEMENT ME: INSERT VALUE INTO A SEQUENCE IDENTIFIED BY GIVEN KEY
void insert(int key, int value) {
if(v.size() == 0) { //empty list
v.push_back(key);
n = new node;
n->prev = NULL;
n->key = key;
n->values.push_back(value);
head = n;
tail = n;
}
else if((find(v.begin(), v.end(), key)!=v.end())) { //if key exists already
node* temp = head;
while(temp != NULL) {
if (temp->key == key) {
temp->values.push_back(value);
break;
}
else temp = temp->next;
}
}
else { //if theres no existing key
v.push_back(key);
n = new node;
n->key = key;
n->values.push_back(value);
n->prev = tail;
tail->next = n;
tail = n;
tail->next = NULL;
}
}
private:
vector<int> v;
node* n;
node* head;
node* tail;
}; // class key_value_sequences
#endif // A3_HPP
In insert method:
if(v.size() == 0) { //empty list
v.push_back(key);
n = new node;
n->prev = NULL;
n->key = key;
n->values.push_back(value);
head = n;
tail = n;
}
You are not setting the head->next to NULL. I suspect that could be the problem while inserting second value.
while(temp != NULL) { // <<<<< Is temp uninitialized?
if (temp->key == key) {
temp->values.push_back(value);
break;
}
else temp = temp->next;
Its pretty dangerous to not initialize the pointer to NULL
Can anybody tell me why my main program is printing out 9460301 instead of 350?
I'm just trying to insert a struct as a single item into a linked list. The struct has atrributes x and y. I then wish to print out the x attribute of the struct in my linked list. I have a huge program written out, and I tried stripping it down on this post just to what's neccessary to view for this new issue that has arisen for me.
My chunk struct and Linkedlist class are as follows:
struct chunk{
int x;
int y;
};
template <class T>
class linkedList
{
public:
class node
{
public:
///node class attributes
T mPayload;
node* mNext;
///constructor
node(T toucan):mPayload(toucan),mNext(NULL)
{}
///destructor
~node()
{
///cascading delete
if(mNext)
delete mNext;
}
///node class methods
};
///linkedList class attributes
node* mStart;
///constructor
linkedList():mStart(NULL)
{}
///destructor
~linkedList()
{
///initializes the cascading delete.
if(mStart)
delete mStart;
}
///linkedList class methods
T mReturnT(int indx)
{
if(!mStart)
{
T emptyList;
return emptyList;
}
else
{
node* cur;
for(int i = 0; i<indx+1; i++)
{
if(cur->mNext == NULL)
{
cout << "Indx out of range. Deleting last item." << endl;
break;
}
cur = cur->mNext;
}
return cur->mPayload;
}
}
void mInsertHelper(node* blah, T data)
{
if(blah->mNext != NULL)
mInsertHelper(blah->mNext, data);
else
{
blah->mNext = new node(data);
blah->mNext->mNext = NULL;
}
}
void mInsert(T data)
{
if(mStart == NULL)
{
mStart = new node(data);
//mStart->mPayload = data;
}
else
mInsertHelper(mStart, data);
}
T mPop()
{
///Removes the last item in the list,
///and returns it.
if(!mStart)
return NULL;
else
{
node* cur = mStart;
while(cur->mNext)
{
cur = cur->mNext;
}
T var = cur->mPayload;
delete cur;
return var;
}
}
int mSize()
{
if(!mStart)
return 0;
else
{
node* cur = mStart;
int counter = 1;
while(cur->mNext)
{
cur = cur->mNext;
counter++;
}
delete cur;
return counter;
}
}
};
And my main.cpp:
int main()
{
chunk head;
head.x = 350;
head.y = 600;
linkedList<chunk> p1Snake;
p1Snake.mInsert(head);
cout<<p1Snake.mReturnT(0).x<<endl;
}
You never initialise cur before iterating through it.
node* cur; // <-- UNINITIALISED!
for(int i = 0; i<indx+1; i++)
{
if(cur->mNext == NULL)
{
cout << "Indx out of range. Deleting last item." << endl;
break;
}
cur = cur->mNext;
}
return cur->mPayload;
That first line should be:
node* cur = mStart;
And I think you should use indx instead of indx+1 in that loop... Unless you were using a dummy-head scheme, which you're not.
The logic inside the loop for detecting out-of-bounds is a bit wrong, also. How about revamping the whole thing:
node* cur = mStart;
while( cur && indx > 0 ) {
cur = cur->mNext;
indx--;
}
if( !cur ) {
cout << "Indx out of range." << endl;
return T();
}
return cur->mPayload;