I am writing a plugin for Autodesk Maya using C++ and have a linker error.
My main class is Maya_Search_Plugin.cpp
#include <Utilities.h>
DeclareSimpleCommand( search_face, PLUGIN_COMPANY, "4.5");
//doIt method is entry point for plugin
MStatus search_face::doIt( const MArgList& )
{
//calls to Maya types/functions and Utilities functions
}
Then I have a Utilities class containing some static methods with header looking like this
#ifndef __Maya_CPP_Plugin__Utilities__
#define __Maya_CPP_Plugin__Utilities__
//#pragma once
//standard libs
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
//maya libs
#include <maya/MDagPath.h>
#include <maya/MFn.h>
#include <maya/MFileIO.h>
#include <maya/MIOStream.h>
#include <maya/MFnMesh.h>
#include <maya/MFnTransform.h>
#include <maya/MGlobal.h>
#include <maya/MSelectionList.h>
#include <maya/MSimple.h>
#include <maya/MTypes.h>
#include <maya/MPointArray.h>
#include <maya/MObjectArray.h>
class Utilities{
public: static const int max_mov = 50;
public:
static double get_mesh_error(MPointArray, MPointArray, int);
static MStatus translateManipulator(double amount, MObject *path);
static void GetSelected(MObjectArray* objects, MFn::Type type);
};
#endif /* defined(__Maya_CPP_Plugin__Utilities__) */
with the implementation like this
#include <Utilities.h>
double Utilities::get_mesh_error(MPointArray a, MPointArray b, int vertexCount){
...
}
MStatus Utilities::translateManipulator(double amount, MObject *path){
...
}
void Utilities::GetSelected(MObjectArray* objects, MFn::Type type) {
...
}
However I am getting the following error
duplicate symbol _MApiVersion in:
/Users/tmg06qyu/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/Maya_CPP_Plugin-hjrwvybwlvqyyscbmixdkcpdzjqr/Build/Intermediates/Maya_CPP_Plugin.build/Debug/Maya_CPP_Plugin.build/Objects-normal/x86_64/Maya_Search_Plugin.o
/Users/tmg06qyu/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/Maya_CPP_Plugin-hjrwvybwlvqyyscbmixdkcpdzjqr/Build/Intermediates/Maya_CPP_Plugin.build/Debug/Maya_CPP_Plugin.build/Objects-normal/x86_64/Utilities.o
ld: 1 duplicate symbol for architecture x86_64
Command /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ld failed with exit code 1
Which I presume is a linking error and there is some circular reference somewhere, but I can't work out where it is.
Any help appreciated.
Thanks.
I know this is a year old. But I stumbled on this again a couple minutes ago...
Add
#define MNoVersionString
#define MNoPluginEntry
#include <maya/MFnPlugin.h>
to your header or cpp files where you wrote your plugin code. Include
#include <maya/MFnPlugin.h>
directly in your main.cpp that initializes the plugin.
Most of the examples in maya have the following string:
// This is added to prevent multiple definitions of the MApiVersion string.
#define _MApiVersion
before including anything. For example here.
The issue may happen if you have multiple files which include MFnPlugin.h
Related
Short context: I am trying to make a Node working on ROS for a TIAGo robot (https://pal-robotics.com/robots/tiago/). It has a working tutorial node on adjusting its head, which works, but I'd now like to make a customized version of that.
I have neatly separated .cpp and .h files of both my node and the tutorial node. Now, I'd like to borrow some functions and definitions from that tutorial node to make my node work. When I build my ROS workspace using catkin, it yields errors concerning 'undefined reference'. I suspect it might be due to the ways I import headers. Some include headers coincide, and I do not know how to handle 'nested' dependencies. Here's what I mean (I've renamed the nodes to my_node and tutorial_node here for simplicity):
my_node.h
#ifndef MY_NODE_H
#define MY_NODE_H
// Declare included packages
#include <ros/ros.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <geometry_msgs/PointStamped.h>
#include <tutorial_node/tutorial_node.h>
// Declare TIAGo's centered viewpoint as a stamped point
geometry_msgs::PointStamped tiagoCenterView;
// Function declarations
geometry_msgs::PointStamped calculateDesiredPoint(geometry_msgs::PointStamped faceCenter);
int calculateCenterDistance(geometry_msgs::PointStamped point_a, geometry_msgs::PointStamped point_b);
void faceCallback(geometry_msgs::PointStamped msg);
#endif
my_node.cpp
#include "my_node/my_node.h"
{actual code content}
tutorial_node.h
#ifndef TUTORIAL_NODE_H
#define TUTORIAL_NODE_H
// C++ standard headers
#include <exception>
#include <string>
// Boost headers
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
// ROS headers
#include <ros/ros.h>
#include <image_transport/image_transport.h>
#include <actionlib/client/simple_action_client.h>
#include <sensor_msgs/CameraInfo.h>
#include <geometry_msgs/PointStamped.h>
#include <control_msgs/PointHeadAction.h>
#include <sensor_msgs/image_encodings.h>
#include <ros/topic.h>
// OpenCV headers
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <cv_bridge/cv_bridge.h>
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
static const std::string windowName = "Inside of TIAGo's head";
static const std::string cameraFrame = "/xtion_rgb_optical_frame";
static const std::string imageTopic = "/xtion/rgb/image_raw";
static const std::string cameraInfoTopic = "/xtion/rgb/camera_info";
// Intrinsic parameters of the camera
cv::Mat cameraIntrinsics;
// Our Action interface type for moving TIAGo's head, provided as a typedef for convenience
typedef actionlib::SimpleActionClient<control_msgs::PointHeadAction> PointHeadClient;
typedef boost::shared_ptr<PointHeadClient> PointHeadClientPtr;
PointHeadClientPtr pointHeadClient;
ros::Time latestImageStamp;
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Function Definitions
void imageCallback(const sensor_msgs::ImageConstPtr& imgMsg);
void onMouse( int event, int u, int v, int, void* );
void createPointHeadClient(PointHeadClientPtr& actionClient);
#endif
tutorial_node.cpp
#include <tutorial_node/tutorial_node.h>
{actual code contents}
In my_node.h, I include tutorial_node.h, which contains some of the includes I actually need for my_node.cpp. For example, I need the pointHeadClient object defined in tutorial_node.h, as well as the actionlib/client/simple_action_client.h. Is that the proper way of including or are those spaghetti headers? If those are, what's the better way to handle this?
I suspect that's where my error is coming from so I'll save you the specifics so that I can figure the actual error out myself once this header problem is clear.
I'm having this issue where I cannot call the object constructor in main.cpp even after it has been included in main.h. The error message is:
C:\Users\Espresso\Projects\AZRA\Debug/../src/main.cpp:7: undefined reference to `g_editor::LevelEditor::LevelEditor()'
Where main.cpp contains
#include "main.h"
g_editor::LevelEditor g_levelEditor;
and main.h contains:
#include "g_editor/g_editor.h"
g_editor.h contains all of the header files of the objects in the library, which includes the levelEditor. g_editor.h:
#ifndef G_EDITOR_H_
#define G_EDITOR_H_
#pragma once
#include "g_editor/Objects/editor_module.h"
#include "g_editor/Objects/utility_window.h"
#include "g_editor/Objects/prompt_window.h"
#include "g_editor/LevelEditor/LevelEditor.h"
extern g_editor::LevelEditor g_levelEditor;
#endif
And finally, LevelEditor.h contains the constructor and member functions of LevelEditor:
#ifndef G_LEVEL_EDITOR_H_
#define G_LEVEL_EDITOR_H_
#pragma once
#include "../Objects/editor_module.h"
#include "Modules/collisionGrid_module.h"
#include "Modules/HUD_module.h"
#include "Modules/IO_module.h"
#include "Modules/ledge_module.h"
#include "Modules/segment_module.h"
#include "g_level/g_level.h"
using namespace g_level;
namespace g_editor
{
class LevelEditor
{
private:
std::vector<editor_module*> modules;
void loadModules();
public:
static LevelEditor& get()
{
static LevelEditor sSingleton;
return sSingleton;
}
LevelEditor();
~LevelEditor() {};
I apologize for the wall of text, I've been staring at this for a few days now and I have tried reordering the static libraries by precedence (which eliminated all issues save for this one.) Is there a design flaw in my current setup? I am using sSingletons, global externs, and static libraries.
There is no definition of LevelEditor::LevelEditor.
You are either missing a source file, or you forgot to add {}.
Edit: or, if your constructor does not do anything anyway, just remove the declaration.
Either
1) This function is missing:
LevelEditor(); // So now what does this do???? That's what is missing.
or
2) it isn't missing, but you didn't add the source module or library where this function is located to your linker settings.
When I include this header File "pathfinding.h":
#pragma once
#include <BWAPI.h>
#include "BWAPI/TilePosition.h"
#include <vector>
#include "PathNode.h"
#include "Logger.h"
#include "ArgosMap.h"
#include "MapField.h"
#include "Utils.h"
#include "ComparePathNodePointer.h"
using namespace BWAPI;
class Pathfinding {
private:
std::vector<PathNode*> openList;
std::vector<PathNode*> closedList;
std::vector<Position*> buildpath(PathNode* targetNode);
void expandNode(PathNode* currentNode, MapField* targetField);
ArgosMap* argosMap;
public:
Pathfinding();
~Pathfinding();
std::vector<Position*> getShortestPath(MapField* startField, MapField* targetField);
};
In this header File "UnitAgent.h":
#pragma once
#include <BWAPI.h>
#include <vector>
#include "ArgosMap.h"
#include "Pathfinding.h"
using namespace BWAPI;
class UnitAgent {
protected:
Unit* unit;
UnitType unitType;
int unitID;
std::vector<Position*> trail;
Position target;
public:
UnitAgent(Unit* unit);
std::vector<Position*> getTrail();
Position getTarget();
Position* getPosition();
int getUnitID();
void setTarget(Position target);
void addPositionToTrail(Position* targetLocation);
void moveTo(TilePosition* targetPosition);
};
I get like a million errors mostly error C2143, C2065. But thats not true, the errors do not exist. When I include the header file in another file its all totally fine (except naturally for the stuff that needs the specific header file).
Any Ideas what I should check. Anyone an Idea how i can check my C++ Code, in a way Eclipse checks my java code. I mean why doesnt Visual Studio do that?
This kind of directive should not be in a header file
using namespace BWAPI;
To start with, why do you need all this
#include <BWAPI.h>
#include "BWAPI/TilePosition.h"
#include <vector>
#include "PathNode.h"
#include "Logger.h"
#include "ArgosMap.h"
#include "MapField.h"
#include "Utils.h"
#include "ComparePathNodePointer.h"
using namespace BWAPI;
in pathfinding.h? Just forward declaring ArgosMap, MapField, PathNode, and Position like
class ArgosMap;
class MapField;
class PathNode;
class Position;
is sufficient for pathfinding.h looking at the declaration of Pathfinding class, the stuff above should go to pathfinding.cpp if it is necessary for implementation of Pathfinding methods. The less stuff and dependencies you have in your headers, the easier it will be to debug.
Declarations in pathfinding.h look fine, problem is that some of the methods are not implemented/are not implemented properly. To find out what this methods are, you would need to narrow the scope of the problem - by removing unnecessary dependencies to start with.
Including pathfinding.h in files that do not use it's methods/methods from other headers included would always work fine...
I'm trying to test a library that I've done (Calculus), in QTCreator for Windows.
I've created a main file, and a class in a separate file for the testing. If I compile the example found in http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_47_0/libs/test/doc/html/utf/user-guide/test-organization/manual-test-suite.html it works, and so the example found in http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_47_0/libs/test/doc/html/utf/user-guide/test-organization/manual-nullary-test-case.html also works.
But when I try to compile my project I've a lot (over 500) errors of multiple definitions. Below you can find my files. As you can see I've also tried to put some guard around boost headers, but it does not work. What am I doing wrong?
main.cpp
#include "testcalculus.h"
#ifndef USE_BOOST_HEADERS
#define USE_BOOST_HEADERS
#include <boost/test/included/unit_test.hpp>
#include <boost/bind.hpp>
#endif
using namespace boost::unit_test;
test_suite*
init_unit_test_suite( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
WRayTesting::TestCalculus xTestCalculus;
test_suite* pxTestSuiteCalculus = BOOST_TEST_SUITE("Test Calculus");
pxTestSuiteCalculus->add(BOOST_TEST_CASE( boost::bind(&WRayTesting::TestCalculus::testCartesianPoint2D, &xTestCalculus)));
framework::master_test_suite().add(pxTestSuiteCalculus);
return 0;
}
testcalculus.h
#ifndef TESTCALCULUS_H
#define TESTCALCULUS_H
#ifndef USE_BOOST_HEADERS
#define USE_BOOST_HEADERS
#include <boost/test/included/unit_test.hpp>
#include <boost/bind.hpp>
#endif
#include "cartesianpoint2d.h"
#include "cartesianvector2d.h"
namespace WRayTesting
{
/** Class for testing the Calculus project */
class TestCalculus
{
public:
//! Constructor
TestCalculus();
//! Testing class point
void testCartesianPoint2D();
private:
};
} // namespace WRayTesting
#endif // TESTCALCULUS_H
testcalculus.cpp
#include "testcalculus.h"
#ifndef USE_BOOST_HEADERS
#define USE_BOOST_HEADERS
#include <boost/test/included/unit_test.hpp>
#include <boost/bind.hpp>
#endif
namespace WRayTesting
{
using ::Calculus::CartesianPoint2D;
using namespace boost::unit_test;
/**
* Constructor
*/
TestCalculus::TestCalculus()
{
}
/**
* Test the CartesianPoint2D class.
*/
void TestCalculus::testCartesianPoint2D()
{
// Default constructor
CartesianPoint2D xTestingPoint;
BOOST_CHECK(0.0 == xTestingPoint.getX());
BOOST_CHECK(0.0 == xTestingPoint.getY());
}
} // namespace WRayTesting
Compile output
debug/testcalculus.o:c:/lib/boost/boost/test/impl/compiler_log_formatter.ipp:62: multiple definition of `boost::unit_test::output::compiler_log_formatter::log_start(std::ostream&, unsigned long)'
debug/main.o:c:/lib/boost/boost/test/impl/compiler_log_formatter.ipp:62: first defined here
debug/testcalculus.o:c:/lib/boost/boost/test/impl/compiler_log_formatter.ipp:72: multiple definition of `boost::unit_test::output::compiler_log_formatter::log_finish(std::ostream&)'
debug/main.o:c:/lib/boost/boost/test/impl/compiler_log_formatter.ipp:72: first defined here
debug/testcalculus.o:c:/lib/boost/boost/test/impl/compiler_log_formatter.ipp:80: multiple definition of `boost::unit_test::output::compiler_log_formatter::log_build_info(std::ostream&)'
debug/main.o:c:/lib/boost/boost/test/impl/compiler_log_formatter.ipp:80: first defined here
debug/testcalculus.o:c:/lib/boost/boost/test/impl/compiler_log_formatter.ipp:93: multiple definition of `boost::unit_test::output::compiler_log_formatter::test_unit_start(std::ostream&, boost::unit_test::test_unit const&)'
debug/main.o:c:/lib/boost/boost/test/impl/compiler_log_formatter.ipp:93: first defined here
debug/testcalculus.o:c:/lib/boost/boost/test/impl/compiler_log_formatter.ipp:103: multiple definition of `boost::unit_test::output::compiler_log_formatter::test_unit_finish(std::ostream&, boost::unit_test::test_unit const&, unsigned long)'
debug/main.o:c:/lib/boost/boost/test/impl/compiler_log_formatter.ipp:103: first defined here
...........
You cannot include #include in multiple files within the same test module. You either need to switch to library or put everything inside single file
After fixing the previous problem (see my one other question that I have asked). I had declared more classes.
One of these is called CombatAdmin which does various things: (Header file)
#ifndef COMBATADMIN_H
#define COMBATADMIN_H
#include <string> // Need this line or it complains
#include <Player.h>
#include <Sound.h>
#include <Enemy.h>
#include <Narrator.h>
using namespace std;
class Enemy;
class Player;
class CombatAdmin // Code yet to be commented here, will come soon.
{
public:
CombatAdmin();
void healthSet(double newHealth, string playerName);
void comAdSay(string sayWhat);
void playerFindsChest(Player *player,Weapon *weapon,Armour *armour);
void youStoleOurStuffEncounter(Player *player);
void comAdWarning(string enemyName);
void comAdAtkNote(string attack, double damage,string target,string aggresor);
void entDefeated(string entName);
void comAdStateEntHp(string ent, double hp);
void comAdStateScanResults(string enemyName, double enemyHealth);
string doubleToString(double number);
string intToString(int number);
bool isRandEncounter();
void randomEncounter(Player *player,Sound *sound,Narrator *narrator);
bool combatRound(Player *player, Enemy *enemy, Sound *sound, bool ran);
void playerFindsItem(string playerName,string itemName,double itemWeight,double playerWeight);
void playerFindsGold(string playerName,double coinCnt,double playerCoinCnt);
};
#endif // COMBATADMIN_H
It is then instanced in the main.cpp file like this: (Snippet of the main.cpp file)
#include <iostream> // Required for input and output
#include <Item.h> // Item header file.
#include <Weapon.h> // Header files that I have made for my classes are needed for this program
#include <sstream> // Needed for proper type conversion functions
#include <windows.h> // for PlaySound() and other functions like sleep.
#include <time.h> // Needed to seed the rand() function.
#include <mmsystem.h> // Not sure about this one, possibly defunct in this program.
#include <stdio.h> // Needed for a similar kind of output as iostream for various functions error msgs.
#include <irrKlang.h> // The header file of the sound lib I am using in this program.
#include <Narrator.h> // The narrators's header file.
#include <Pibot.h> // Other header files of classes.
#include <Armour.h>
#include <Player.h>
#include <Weapon.h>
#include <CombatAdmin.h>
using namespace irrklang;
using namespace std;
// Forward referenced functions
void seedRandom(); // Seeds the random number so it will be random as apposed to pseudo random.
string getPlayerName(string temp); // Gets the player's new name.
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
// Variables and object pointers declared here.
CombatAdmin *comAd = new CombatAdmin(); // Handles combat.
Narrator *narrator = new Narrator(); // The Narrator that says stuff
Pibot *piebot = new Pibot(); // PIbot, the player's trusty companion
string temp; // Temp string for input and output
However, when I try to compile the project, I get the following error:
C:\Documents and Settings\James Moran.HOME-B288D626D8\My Documents\C++ projects\Test Project\main.cpp|59|undefined reference to `CombatAdmin::CombatAdmin()'|
I am using the Code::Blocks IDE (ver 10.05), with the GNU GCC compiler. The project is of type "Console application". I am using windows XP 32 bit SP3.
I have tried changing to search directories to include where the object files are, but no success there.
As can be seen from the code, the narrator and PIbot are instanced just fine. (then used, not shown)
My question is, therefore, what do I need to do to stop these errors occurring? As when I encountered similar "Undefined reference to x" errors before using libraries. I had just forgotten to link to them in Code::Blocks and as soon as I did, they would work.
As this class is of my own making I am not quite sure about this.
Do say if you need more information regarding the code etc.
You have declared the default constructor (CombatAdmin()) and thus prevented the compiler from automatically generating it. Thus, you either need to 1) remove declaration of the default constructor from the class, or 2) provide an implementation.
I had this kind of error and the cause was that the CombatAdmin.cpp file wasn't selected as a Build target file: Prject->Properties->Build targets
Are you sure you've to include your header as:
#include <CombatAdmin.h>
?
I think you need to include your header file as:
#include "CombatAdmin.h"
And same for other headers written by you, like these:
#include "Armour.h"
#include "Player.h"
#include "Weapon.h"
//and similarly other header files written by you!
See this topic:
What is the difference between #include <filename> and #include "filename"?
My solution was just to add a line in the header before the class defenition:
class CombatAdmin;