Calling member's overloaded << operator in C++ - c++

Question

The following raises a compile-time error. I'm not sure how to call one objects
overloaded operator << within another objects << operator? If anyone could point out what I'm doing wrong, that'd be really helpful .Thanks for your time!
card.cpp:
#include "card.h"
#include <iostream>
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, Card &cCard)
{
out << cCard.getValueString()
<< " OF "
<< cCard.getSuitString()
<< "S\n";
return out;
}
string Card::getValueString()
{
Value value = getValue();
switch(value)
{
case TWO: return "TWO";
case THREE: return "THREE";
case FOUR: return "FOUR";
case FIVE: return "FIVE";
case SIX: return "SIX";
case SEVEN: return "SEVEN";
case EIGHT: return "EIGHT";
case NINE: return "NINE";
case TEN: return "TEN";
case JACK: return "JACK";
case QUEEN: return "QUEEN";
case KING: return "KING";
case ACE: return "ACE";
case NONE_VALUE: return "NONE_VALUE";
default: return "UNKNOWN VALUE";
};
}
string Card::getSuitString()
{
Suit suit = getSuit();
switch(suit)
{
case SPADE: return "SPADE";
case HEART: return "HEART";
case CLUB: return "CLUB";
case DIAMOND: return "DIAMOND";
case NONE_SUIT: return "NONE_SUIT";
default: return "UNKNOWN SUIT";
};
}
card.h
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
enum Suit {
SPADE,
HEART,
CLUB,
DIAMOND,
NONE_SUIT
};
enum Value {
TWO=2,
THREE,
FOUR,
FIVE,
SIX,
SEVEN,
EIGHT,
NINE,
TEN,
JACK,
QUEEN,
KING,
ACE,
NONE_VALUE
};
class Card
{
public:
Card() : m_suit(NONE_SUIT), m_value(NONE_VALUE) { };
Card(Suit suit, Value value) : m_suit(suit), m_value(value) { };
Value getValue() { return m_value; };
Suit getSuit() { return m_suit; };
void setValue(Value value) { m_value = value; };
void setSuit(Suit suit) { m_suit = suit; };
string getValueString();
string getSuitString();
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, Card &cCard);
private:
Suit m_suit;
Value m_value;
};
hand.cpp:
#include "hand.h"
#include "card.h"
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, Card &cCard);
Hand::Hand()
{
}
Card Hand::getCard(int cardIndex)
{
if(cardIndex == 0 || cardIndex == 1)
{
return cards[cardIndex];
}
else
{
cout << "Card index out of bounds.\n";
}
return Card(NONE_SUIT, NONE_VALUE);
}
void Hand::setCard(int cardIndex, Suit suit, Value value)
{
if(cardIndex == 0 || cardIndex == 1)
{
cards[cardIndex].setValue(value);
cards[cardIndex].setSuit(suit);
}
else
{
cout << "Card index out of bounds.\n";
}
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, Hand &cHand)
{
out << cHand.getCard(0)
<< "\n"
<< cHand.getCard(1);
return out;
}
hand.h:
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include "card.h"
using namespace std;
class Hand
{
public:
Hand();
void setCard(int cardIndex, Suit suit, Value value);
Card getCard(int cardIndex);
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, Hand &cHand);
private:
Card cards[2];
};
The error is the following:
hand.cpp: In function ‘std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, Hand&)’:
hand.cpp:40: error: no match for ‘operator<<’ in ‘out << ((Hand*)cHand)->Hand::getCard(0)’
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/ostream:112: note: candidates are: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& (*)(std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&)) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits]
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/ostream:121: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(std::basic_ios<_CharT, _Traits>& (*)(std::basic_ios<_CharT, _Traits>&)) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits]
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/ostream:131: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(std::ios_base& (*)(std::ios_base&)) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits]
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/ostream:169: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits]
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/ostream:173: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long unsigned int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits]
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/ostream:177: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(bool) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits]
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/ostream.tcc:92: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(short int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits]
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/ostream:184: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(short unsigned int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits]
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/ostream.tcc:106: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits]
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/ostream:195: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(unsigned int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits]
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/ostream:204: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long long int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits]
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/ostream:208: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long long unsigned int) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits]
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/ostream:213: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(double) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits]
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/ostream:217: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(float) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits]
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/ostream:225: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(long double) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits]
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/ostream:229: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(const void*) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits]
/usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/ostream.tcc:120: note: std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& std::basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>::operator<<(std::basic_streambuf<_CharT, _Traits>*) [with _CharT = char, _Traits = std::char_traits]
hand.cpp:4: note: std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, Card&)
hand.cpp:38: note: std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, Hand&)
Any ideas on what Im missing?

Answer 1

Your operator << functions should take the right hand side argument by const reference. It's telling you that it can't bind the temporary returned by getCard to the non-const reference argument of the operator.
The incredibly long error message is because there are so incredibly many overloads of << in scope at any one time, and the compiler is listing all of them as, "I tried this one but it didn't work."