I have project files and I need to use an external test file named TestSuite1.cpp that includes an external header file SignalMasker.h (Was given it and it's object file SignalMasker.o) and my main header file uthreads.h.
I'm still getting undefined refrences such as:
TestSuite1.cpp:63: error: undefined reference to 'SignalMasker::~SignalMasker()'
This means my Makefile isn't including the SignalMasker.o file that resides in the same directory.
This is my Makefile:
CC = g++
FLAGS = -Wall -g
OBJECTS = uthreads.o Thread.o Scheduler.o SchedulerStarter.o TestSuite1.o
.PHONY : clean
all: test1
test1: $(OBJECTS)
g++ $(FLAGS) $(OBJECTS) SignalMasker.o -L . -o test1
TestSuite1.o : TestSuite1.cpp SignalMasker.h uthreads.h
$(CC) -c $(FLAGS) TestSuite1.cpp
uthreads.o : uthreads.cpp uthreads.h SchedulerStarter.h Scheduler.h Thread.h
$(CC) -c $(FLAGS) uthreads.cpp
Scheduler.o : Scheduler.cpp Scheduler.h Thread.h
$(CC) -c $(FLAGS) Scheduler.cpp
SchedulerStarter.o : SchedulerStarter.cpp SchedulerStarter.h Scheduler.h
$(CC) -c $(FLAGS) SchedulerStarter.cpp
Thread.o : Thread.cpp Thread.h uthreads.h translateAdd.h
$(CC) -c $(FLAGS) Thread.cpp
clean:
rm -f $(OBJECTS) *~
And now I'm getting:
~/Desktop/tests$ make
g++ -Wall -g uthreads.o Thread.o Scheduler.o SchedulerStarter.o TestSuite1.o SignalMasker.o -L . -o test1
/usr/bin/ld: error: SignalMasker.o: incompatible target
TestSuite1.cpp:36: error: undefined reference to 'SignalMasker::SignalMasker(int)'
TestSuite1.cpp:63: error: undefined reference to 'SignalMasker::~SignalMasker()'
TestSuite1.cpp:63: error: undefined reference to 'SignalMasker::~SignalMasker()'
TestSuite1.cpp:68: error: undefined reference to 'SignalMasker::SignalMasker(int)'
TestSuite1.cpp:111: error: undefined reference to 'SignalMasker::~SignalMasker()'
TestSuite1.cpp:111: error: undefined reference to 'SignalMasker::~SignalMasker()'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
EDIT:
I'm now pondering with the idea that maybe incompatible target means they compiled it under 64bit. My machine is 32bit
you are missing rule to compile SignalMasker.cpp in your makefile. you have to write a rule, the same way you have written for
SchedulerStarter.o, Thread.o
SignalMasker.o : SignalMasker.cpp SignalMasker.h
$(CC) -c $(FLAGS) SignalMasker.cpp
This will ensure the SignalMasker.o is generated with the same compilation flags that you build other objects. It will eliminate incompatibility issues in case of 32-bit/ 64-bit variants.
if you are copying this SignalMasker.o from elsewhere, check the compilation flags used for generating the object. Use the same flags in your makefile.
Related
I downloaded AESCrypt library in order to compile with MingW:
https://github.com/paulej/AESCrypt/tree/master/Windows
I receive this error message:
C:\Users\MyPC\AppData\Local\Temp\cclSPvvW.o:aescrypt.c:(.text+0xa2): undefined re
ference to `sha256_starts(sha256_context*)'
C:\Users\MyPC\AppData\Local\Temp\cclSPvvW.o:aescrypt.c:(.text+0xc0): undefined re
ference to `sha256_update(sha256_context*, unsigned char*, unsigned long)'
C:\Users\MyPC\AppData\Local\Temp\cclSPvvW.o:aescrypt.c:(.text+0x815): undefined r
eference to `aes_encrypt(aes_context*, unsigned char*, unsigned char*)'
C:\Users\MyPC\AppData\Local\Temp\cclSPvvW.o:aescrypt.c:(.text+0x829): undefined r
eference to `sha256_update(sha256_context*, unsigned char*, unsigned long)'
C:/Program Files (x86)/mingw-w64/i686-6.1.0-posix-dwarf-rt_v5-rev1/mingw32/bin/.
./lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/6.1.0/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/lib/../lib/libming
w32.a(lib32_libmingw32_a-crt0_c.o):crt0_c.c:(.text.startup+0x39): undefined refe
rence to `WinMain#16'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
I am on Windows 7 x64, I am using MingW-w64 6.1.0.
This kind of error means you forgot to link the file containing the code of the missing symbol. It is usually a .o or .lib/.a file.
In your case one of the symbols is: sha256_starts(sha256_context*), which is probably in sha256.o. Check the actual link command and make sure it includes this file or the library which includes it.
A makefile like this should make the trick:
COMP = gcc
RM = rm -f
OBJS = aes.o sha256.o stdafx.o AESCrypt.o AESCryptShellExt.o AESCryptWorkerThreads.o BufferedFile.o ErrorHandling.o PasswdDialog.o ProgressDialog.o
LDFLAGS = -mwindows
SERVERLDFLAGS =
TARGET = aes.exe
all : $(TARGET)
$(TARGET) : $(OBJS)
$(COMP) $(LDFLAGS) $(DEBUGFLAGS) -o $(TARGET) $^
clean :
$(RM) *.o
%.o : %.c %.h
$(COMP) $(CFLAGS) -c $<
%.o : %.cpp %.h
$(COMP) $(CFLAGS) -c $<
I am trying to compile my C++ program using make and I've come across this problem that I can't quite understand. I have 3 files in the src folder of my project: App.h, App.cpp and main.cpp. I have my Makefile located in the root folder of my project, which has the src folder that I mentioned in it. This is what my Makefile looks like:
CC=g++
SRCDIR=./src
CFLAGS=-I$(SRCDIR)
LIBS=-lSDL -lGL
_DEPS=App.h
DEPS=$(patsubst %,$(SRCDIR)/%,$(_DEPS))
_OBJ=main.o App.o
OBJ=$(patsubst %,$(SRCDIR)/%,$(_OBJ))
_SRC=main.cpp App.cpp
SRC=$(patsubst %,$(SRCDIR)/%,$(_SRC))
%.o: $(SRC) $(DEPS)
$(CC) -c -o $# $< $(CFLAGS)
tetris: $(OBJ)
$(CC) -o $# $^ $(CFLAGS) $(LIBS)
clean:
rm -f $(SRCDIR)/*.o $(SRCDIR)/*~
When I type make into the terminal to compile, I get an error like this:
g++ -c -o src/main.o src/main.cpp -I./src
g++ -c -o src/App.o src/main.cpp -I./src
g++ -o tetris src/main.o src/App.o -I./src -lSDL -lGL
src/App.o: In function `main':
main.cpp:(.text+0x0): multiple definition of `main'
src/main.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x0): first defined here
src/main.o: In function `main':
main.cpp:(.text+0x17): undefined reference to `App::App()'
main.cpp:(.text+0x23): undefined reference to `App::onExecute()'
src/App.o: In function `main':
main.cpp:(.text+0x17): undefined reference to `App::App()'
main.cpp:(.text+0x23): undefined reference to `App::onExecute()'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
But I am sure that I only have 1 main function, and it is in the main.cpp file. What is causing this?
Look at these lines:
src/main.o: In function `main':
src/App.o: In function `main':
Those mean that main is defined both in main.o and App.o.
And above those:
g++ -c -o src/main.o src/main.cpp -I./src
g++ -c -o src/App.o src/main.cpp -I./src
See? Both object files are built using the same source!
You probably want to change this line for the object dependency:
%.o: %.c $(DEPS)
Look at the compilation lines.
You are compiling main.cpp as both main.o and App.o.
You are listing all your source files as prerequisites of the %.o pattern and using $< to only compile the first one (which happens to be main.cpp in this case.
You want %.c instead of $(SRC) there.
I am developing a little program with pocketsphinx (speech to text - library).
On Windows i was using Code::Blocks as development environment and i had success to build a program.
Now i try to port my program to Linux and i am having little problems to link against pocketsphinx.
This is the Makefile:
CC = g++
CFLAGS = -Wall -std=c++11
LDFLAGS = -I/usr/local/include/sphinxbase -I/usr/local/include/pocketsphinx
OBJ = obj/Application.o obj/Main.o obj/Recorder.o
all: $(OBJ)
$(CC) -L/usr/local/lib -o bin/Eve $(OBJ) -s -lsphinxbase -lpocketsphinx
obj/Main.o: src/Main.cpp
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -c src/Main.cpp -o obj/Main.o
obj/Application.o: src/Application.cpp src/Application.hpp
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -c src/Application.cpp -o obj/Application.o
obj/Recorder.o: src/Recorder.cpp src/Recorder.hpp
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -c src/Recorder.cpp -o obj/Recorder.o
It is the same which i was using on Windows, i just adjusted the file path.
I am receiving the following error:
$ make
g++ -Wall -std=c++11 -I/usr/local/include/sphinxbase -I/usr/local/include/pocketsphinx -c src/Application.cpp -o obj/Application.o
g++ -Wall -std=c++11 -I/usr/local/include/sphinxbase -I/usr/local/include/pocketsphinx -c src/Main.cpp -o obj/Main.o
g++ -Wall -std=c++11 -I/usr/local/include/sphinxbase -I/usr/local/include/pocketsphinx -c src/Recorder.cpp -o obj/Recorder.o
g++ -L/usr/local/lib -o bin/Eve obj/Application.o obj/Main.o obj/Recorder.o -s -lsphinxbase -lpocketsphinx
obj/Recorder.o: In function `Recorder::Recorder()':
Recorder.cpp:(.text+0x1c0): undefined reference to `ad_open_sps'
Recorder.cpp:(.text+0x20d): undefined reference to `ad_read'
Recorder.cpp:(.text+0x215): undefined reference to `cont_ad_init'
obj/Recorder.o: In function `Recorder::~Recorder()':
Recorder.cpp:(.text+0x2f3): undefined reference to `cont_ad_close'
Recorder.cpp:(.text+0x303): undefined reference to `ad_close'
obj/Recorder.o: In function `Recorder::recognizeFromMicrophone()':
Recorder.cpp:(.text+0x37a): undefined reference to `ad_start_rec'
Recorder.cpp:(.text+0x395): undefined reference to `cont_ad_calib'
Recorder.cpp:(.text+0x3f0): undefined reference to `cont_ad_read'
Recorder.cpp:(.text+0x4e6): undefined reference to `cont_ad_read'
Recorder.cpp:(.text+0x5b5): undefined reference to `ad_stop_rec'
Recorder.cpp:(.text+0x5d8): undefined reference to `ad_read'
Recorder.cpp:(.text+0x5f4): undefined reference to `cont_ad_reset'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [all] Fehler 1
I don't think that it is a name mangling problem, since i built the lib on my own using the provided Makefile.
What can i do to link against the lib without errors?
EDIT: I figured out how to make it work. I simply modified the rule of the target "all" to this:
$(CC) -static -L/usr/local/lib -o bin/Eve $(OBJ) -s -lpocketsphinx -lsphinxbase -lsphinxad -lpthread
Functions like ad_read are defined in libsphinxad library, you need to add it to your linker command line:
g++ -static -L/usr/local/lib -o bin/Eve obj/Application.o obj/Main.o obj/Recorder.o \
-lpocketsphinx -lsphinxbase -libsphinxad
Please note that the order of libraries is important.
This is my makefile:
CFLAGS = -Wall -pedantic -pedantic-errors -g -lSDL -lSDL_image
CC = g++
OBJ = Point.o Personaje.o Juego.o EventHandler.o
all: main
#%.o: %.cpp %.h
# $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $<
bin: other $(OBJ)
Point.o: Point.cpp Point.h
$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $<
Personaje.o: Personaje.cpp Personaje.h
$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $<
Juego.o: Juego.cpp Juego.h
$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $<
EventHandler.o: EventHandler.cpp EventHandler.h
$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $<
main: $(OBJ)
cd ../vista/; make
cp ../vista/*.o .
rm ../vista/*.o
g++ $(CFLAGS) $(OBJ) Pantalla.o Imagen.o main.cpp -o main
clean:
rm *.o;
rm main
PHONY: main
When I compile with "make" I get the following errors:
EventHandler.cpp:17: undefined reference to `SDL_PollEvent'
Pantalla.o: In function `Pantalla::initialize(int, int, int, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >)':
Pantalla.cpp:6: undefined reference to `SDL_Init'
Pantalla.cpp:9: undefined reference to `SDL_SetVideoMode'
Pantalla.cpp:14: undefined reference to `SDL_WM_SetCaption'
and many other errors.
The header of "Pantalla.h" contains this line:
#include "SDL/SDL.h"
And I already installed the SDL packages.
I don't know what I'm doing wrong... please help!
CFLAGS = -Wall -pedantic -pedantic-errors -g -lSDL -lSDL_image
This isn't good. You're mixing compiler flags (warnings and debug) with linker information (which libraries you need to link to). Use two separate variables for that:
CFLAGS = -Wall -pedantic -pedantic-errors -g
LIBS = -lSDL -lSDL_image
Then when you compile (but don't link, i.e. when you generate the .o files), only use $(CFLAGS) (like you have now). But when you do link (to produce the final executable), add the linker directives.
g++ $(CFLAGS) -o main main.cpp $(OBJ) Pantalla.o Imagen.o $(LIBS)
The order you put your objects and libraries is important.
One problem is that you are using exactly the same flags for compilation and linking. The compiler doesn't use libraries; the linker doesn't know about pedantic.
A bigger problem is that your -lSDL -lSDL_image appears too early in the link command, g++ $(CFLAGS) $(OBJ) Pantalla.o Imagen.o main.cpp -o main. The linker won't look into libSDL.a or libSDL_image.a (or their equivalents) because there are no unresolved external references at the point where you specified the search. Put the -lSDL -lSDL_image options just before the -o option.
I compile one test code with g++ without any issue.
#include "Python.h"
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
Py_Initialize();
PyRun_SimpleString("import pylab");
PyRun_SimpleString("pylab.plot(range(5))");
PyRun_SimpleString("pylab.show()");
Py_Exit(0);
}
g++ -o test test.cpp -I/usr/include/python2.7/ -lpython2.7
works fine and runs.
But when I try to embed this code into another project, it fails. It really confuses me.
Makefile is like the following.
CXX=g++
CXXFLAGS=-DIB_USE_STD_STRING -Wall -Wno-switch -g
ROOT_DIR=..
BASE_SRC_DIR=${ROOT_DIR}/PosixSocketClient
INCLUDES=-I${ROOT_DIR}/Shared/ -I${BASE_SRC_DIR} -I/usr/include/python2.7
LIBRARY=-L/usr/lib/python2.7/config
TARGET=eu
$(TARGET):
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) -o EClientSocketBase.o -c $(BASE_SRC_DIR)/EClientSocketBase.cpp
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) -o EPosixClientSocket.o -c $(BASE_SRC_DIR)/EPosixClientSocket.cpp
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) -o PosixTestClient.o -c PosixTestClient.cpp
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) -o Main.o -c Main.cpp
$(CXX) $(LIBRARY) -lpython2.7 -o $# EClientSocketBase.o EPosixClientSocket.o PosixTestClient.o Main.o
clean:
rm -f $(TARGET) *.o
This project compiles fine and runs, the only change I made was adding the test code in the Main.cpp file. warning/error message shows:
In file included from /usr/include/python2.7/Python.h:8:0,
from Main.cpp:15:
/usr/include/python2.7/pyconfig.h:1158:0: warning: "_POSIX_C_SOURCE" redefined [enabled by default]
/usr/include/features.h:163:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition
/usr/include/python2.7/pyconfig.h:1180:0: warning: "_XOPEN_SOURCE" redefined [enabled by default]
/usr/include/features.h:165:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition
g++ -L/usr/lib/ -lpython2.7 -ldl -lutil -o eu EClientSocketBase.o EPosixClientSocket.o PosixTestClient.o Main.o
Main.o: In function main':
/home/bbc/TWS/IBJts/cpp/eu-ats/Main.cpp:81: undefined reference toPy_Initialize'
/home/bbc/TWS/IBJts/cpp/eu-ats/Main.cpp:82: undefined reference to PyRun_SimpleStringFlags'
/home/bbc/TWS/IBJts/cpp/eu-ats/Main.cpp:83: undefined reference toPyRun_SimpleStringFlags'
/home/bbc/TWS/IBJts/cpp/eu-ats/Main.cpp:84: undefined reference to PyRun_SimpleStringFlags'
/home/bbc/TWS/IBJts/cpp/eu-ats/Main.cpp:85: undefined reference toPy_Exit'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: * [eu] Error 1
any help? thank you!
Take a look at Lucas's comment for the answer:
"To get rid of the _POSIX_C_SOURCE warning, make sure to include Python.h before all other header files."
I had the same problem. I use Boost Python, so for me I moved the include of boost/python.hpp to the first line in my .cpp file.
(Lukas, post your comment as an answer so the person who asked can mark it as the right answer, and the question won't remain 'unanswered' in StackOverflow.)
This is a bug in Python: https://bugs.python.org/issue1045893
If you include first Python.h, the compiler won't complain but GNU libc's /usr/include/features.h will override it anyway when _GNU_SOURCE is defined:
# undef _POSIX_C_SOURCE
# define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L
# undef _XOPEN_SOURCE
# define _XOPEN_SOURCE 700