I will be happy to get advice from more experienced developers about adding Web Sockets into my HTTP-based project.
That’s the thing. I have developed the REST API based service. Everything works well enough, but… In some special cases my server needs a long time to serve client requests. It may be from 1 minute to several hours (and even days)! I implement some not-so-good algorithm to address this issue:
Client sends HTTP request
Server replies about registering request
Client starts sending HTTP requests to get necessary data (if response does not have needed information the client sends another request and so on)
That is all in a nutshell.
And it seems to be a bad scenario and I am trying to integrate web sockets for adding duplex-channels in this architecture. I hope that my API will be able to send info about updated data as soon as possible without the necessity of many requests from the client.
But I am a bit confused in choosing one of two ways to use web socket (WS).
Variant A.
The server only tells the client via WS that data is ready. And the client gets data by standard request-response HTTP method from REST API.
Variant B.
The server sends all data to the client via WS without HTTP at all.
What variant is more suitable? Or maybe some other variants?
I do not want to remove HTTP at all. I just try to implement WS for a particular kind of end-points.
Variant A would be more suitable and easy to implement. You can send message to the client after the data is ready, and he can then send request for the data. It will be like a simple chat websocket, and will serve your purpose.
I'm writing a Clojure application that uses websockets to communicate with clients. The server sometimes acts as a sort of hub, getting a message from one client and that triggering sending a message to another client. If I have only one web server that's fine, but if I have two I run into trouble as clients might be connected to different servers.
I think the best way to deal with this would be for a web server to broadcast the message received to the other ones so all of them can react and notify the appropriate client. How can I do this? Any libraries that can help?
If it matters, I'm planning on hosting this in Heroku at first but I always want to leave the door open for self hosting.
I am new to RESTful webservice. Whatever I have read over the internet about RESTful webservice, I came to know that REST works similar to servlet + webservice.
Our traditional webservice looks like JSP-> Servlet -> Service -> DAO -> Database.
Will REST replace Servlet in this heirarchy?
My ultimate goal is that my web application should support mobile application and normal browser also. Is it good idea to use REST in that case. If not, in what situation we should use REST?
I hope my question is clear.
Please help me.
Thanks in advance.
There are many ways we can achieve Machine to Machine communication.
Web services also helps communicating between applications made in different platforms.
For example a .net GUI can call a java server side program for data.
REST is one of that kind, based on HTTP protocol.
SOAP web service is heavy weight (using lots of XML) where as REST is simple and you can expose any of your APIS simply using REST.
A services exposed as REST services can be invoked by a client using on of the HTTP verbs GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE with their meaning same as in HTTP.
RESTful Web Services expose the state of its resources.
An 'Employee' data can be queried and represented in any format (Json, XML ...) using REST.
Rest won't replace the Servlet in your hierarchy, actually the HTTP based REST methods are written on this servlets.
Please go through this URL : http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/tutorial/doc/gijqy.html
Using REST is not related to browser experience on mobile or other devices. It totally depends on the client side technology used and your browser compatibility with those technologies.
Using REST is a good idea to access data at client side using simple AJAX calls.
REST means Representational State Transfer. It is a way of thinking about architecting network communication between client and server, with the focus being on transferring a resource from server to client and back again.
To understand the significance of this first consider a different architecture, Remote Procedure Call. This is where the client calls a function on the server as if the function existed on the client.
So you want to edit a photo that exists on the server. Your client is a photo editing app that uses RPC to achieve this. You want to blur the photo so your client calls the blur() function using RPC, and the server blurs the image and sends back the updated image. Then you want to rotate the image, so your client calls the rotate() function and the server rotates the image and sends the rotated image to your client.
You might have noticed two issues. Firstly, every time you carry out an action on the photo the server needs to do some work and send you back the updated image. This uses a lot of bandwidth.
Secondly what happens if tomorrow the server developers (who might be nothing to do with the client developers) decide that rotate() is the wrong function name, it should really be rotate_image(), and they update the server. Your client continues to call rotate() but this now fails because such a function doesn't exist on the client.
REST is an alternative way of thinking about client/server communication. Instead of telling the server to carry out an action on the resource (eg rotate the photo), why doesn't the client not just get a representation of the resource and carry out all the actions it wants to (blur, rotate etc) and then send the new state of the resource back to the server.
If you did it this way the protocol to communicate between client and server can be kept very simple and will require very few updates. All you need is functions for the client to get the resource and functions to put it back on the server. The client will have to know how to blur the image and rotate the image, but it doesn't need to know how to tell the server to do this, it just needs a way of telling the server to save the updated image.
This means that the developers of the client can work away implementing new features independently to the developers of the server. Very handy if the developers of the client are nothing to do with the server (the developers of Firefox have nothing to do with the New York Times website and vice versa)
HTTP is one such protocol that follows this architecture pattern and it allows the web to grow as it has. There are a small set of verbs (functions) in HTTP and they are concerned only with transferring a representation of the resource back and forth between client and server.
Using HTTP your photo client simply sends a GET message to the server to get the photo. The client can then do everything it wants to to the photo. When it is finished it sends the PUT message with the updated photo to the server.
Because there are not domain specific actions in the protocol (blur, rotate, resize) this protocol can also be used for any number of resources. HTTP doesn't care if the resource is a HTML document, a WAV file, a Javascript script, a PNG image. The client obviously cares because it needs to understand the resource it gets, and the server might care as well. But the protocol between the client and server doesn't need to care. The only thing HTTP knows is that there is a variable Content-Type in the HTTP header where the server can tell the client what type of resource this is.
This is powerful because it means you can update your client independently to updating your server without updating the transfer protocol. HTTP hasn't been updated in years. HTML on the other hand is updated constantly, and web servers and web browser are updated constantly (Chrome is on version 33). These updates can happen independently to each other because HTTP never (rarely) changes.
A web browser from 10 years ago can still communicate with a modern web server over HTTP to get a resource. The browser might not understand the resource, say it gets a WebM video that it can't understand, but it can still get this resource without the network communication failing.
Contrast that with the example of RPC above where the client server communication will break if the server changes rotate() to rotate_image(). Every single client will have to be updated with this new function or they will crash when trying to talk to the server.
So REST is a way of thinking about client server communication, it is an architecture design/pattern. HTTP is a protocol that works under this way of thinking that focuses on simply transferring state of a resource between server and client.
Now it is important to understand that historically a lot of people, including web developers, didn't get this. So you got things like developers putting verbs into resource names to try and simulate Remote Procedure Call over HTTP. Things like
GET http://www.mywebsite.com/image/blur_image
And they would hard code the URI /image/blur_image into their client and then try and make sure the guys developing the server never changed the URI blur_image. You get back to all problems of RPC. As soon as the server guys move the resource blur_image (which is not really a resource to start with) to /image/blur_my_image the client falls over because it has that hard coded as an action to perform, rather than simply getting /image and doing what ever it wants to it.
So there are lot of examples on the web of doing REST wrong. Anything that tightly couples client and server communication is doing REST wrong. Your client should be able to survive URIs changing, or Content-Types being updated, without falling over. It can complain it doesn't understand a resource (eg Netscape Navigator 2.0 complaining it has no idea what a HTML5 document is), but it should complain that a URI has changed. This is the discoverability aspect of REST, which I haven't gone into too much, but basically your client should be able to start at the root of the server http://www.mywebsite.com and if it understand the content types it should be able to continue on to the resource it wants. You should never need to hard code a URI into your client other than the root of the server.
I could write a book about this stuff (and many have), but I hope that serves as a good introduction about what REST actually is.
#javafan I just checked the mykong example you provided. Please note that that is not standard http servlet implementation, it is a Jersy way of implimentinmg rest. So when you map all your URIs goes through this servlet com.sun.jersey.spi.container.servlet.ServletContainer and you write classes with annotation #path etc the Jersy runtime environment will do the necessary processing for you like converting the input and output objects to necessary formats (json, xml etc) depending on your configuration. You can write a simple servlet and add methods in it with #path annotation in it and that will be invoked inturn when you make the corresponding request. but the doGet and doPost methods are standard servlet methods that processes GET and POST method by default. You can ad another methods to the same servlet and add more qualifiers to process your request.
#GET, #Produces("xml") etc.
I hope this helps.
I am not sure if this is the correct place to ask but since there are a lot of questions of this kind i ll go ahead and ask.
A year ago i developed an iOS application that was connecting to a server with HTTP requests exchanging JSON files etc. I was told at that time that the server was a web (REST) service. I didnt care much since for me was just a black box.
The last months i am developing a hybrid mobile application where i use native code + jquery mobile for the front end part and php + mysql for the back end part. The application is about registering new users to the data base , having users to subscribe in various kinds of events , get notifications on them etc. So for all the communication between the front ent(client) and back end(server) i make http requests(POST) , ajax calls using json files.
Is this a RESTfull Web Service? I am a bit confused on the definition of REST. According to wikipedia REST is :
REST-style architectures conventionally consist of clients and servers. Clients initiate requests to servers; servers process requests and return appropriate responses.
So is what i am building a Restfull Web Service? Also do we call Rest only the server part or in general the client-server architecture?
Is it just a web Service? And if yes what kind of web service?
there is no difference when you invoke a controller (aka web service) from browser through http or from a client code (java, .NET or any language). when you want to invoke a service from outside world from your code.. you have choice of soap or rest .. soap is protocol, where as REST is an architecture style.. so REST is methodology of calling a service (which is simple http POST or GET call) from outside world .. not necessarily from a browser .. it may from client code which acts as browser to get response from outside world service..this is based on my experience..
I have a REST based web service system. I need to find a way to support publish/subscribe model here. As you know REST the communication between client and server is HTTP protocol. I use apache (PHP) web server in the backend to server all REST requests. The question is how to use PHP or whatever (in the web server side) to support this kind of Pub/Sub model. One typical scenario would be:
1) Client subscribes for a change in an object (GET /config/object/?type=async)
2) Client does not block with this request as it is async call.
3) Server accept the subscription and waits for the event.
4) Server publishes the client with the required data as and when the event happens.
I basically need to know how to implement all of these four steps above.
You are probably looking for something like PubSubHubbub -
http://code.google.com/apis/pubsubhubbub/
Letting PubSub implement the hub for you means you don't need blocking calls to the server.
They already have implemented example Subscribers and Publishers in different languages.
If haven't already, you should read Roy Fielding's take on the various approaches to PubSub. http://roy.gbiv.com/untangled/2008/paper-tigers-and-hidden-dragons