I recently cross compiled Boost library for PowerPC and generated the thread and system library. Then to test the library on my target, tried one of the sample code in Boost library and tried to build the binary using the previously built boost library but got the below compilation errors
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GNU C++ version 4.2.2 (powerpc-linux)
compiled by GNU C version 2.96 20000731 (Red Hat Linux 7.3 2.96-113).
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=98 --param ggc-min-heapsize=128176
Compiler executable checksum: dd5a9a41381fa3b9978b2738b80f5a75
In file included from /shared/deps/powerpc/include/boost/config/platform/linux.hpp:15,
from /shared/deps/powerpc/include/boost/config.hpp:53,
from /shared/deps/powerpc/include/boost/thread/detail/platform.hpp:14,
from /shared/deps/powerpc/include/boost/thread/thread.hpp:12,
from helloworld.cpp:7:
4.2.2/cstdlib:106: error: '::div_t' has not been declared
4.2.2/cstdlib:107: error: '::ldiv_t' has not been declared
4.2.2/cstdlib:109: error: '::abort' has not been declared
4.2.2/cstdlib:110: error: '::abs' has not been declared
4.2.2/cstdlib:111: error: '::atexit' has not been declared
4.2.2/cstdlib:112: error: '::atof' has not been declared
4.2.2/cstdlib:113: error: '::atoi' has not been declared
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Below is the sample program given with Boost library
#include <boost/thread/thread.hpp>
#include <iostream>
void helloworld()
{
std::cout << "Hello World!" << std::endl;
}
int main()
{
boost::thread thrd(&helloworld);
thrd.join();
}
Make file:
CC=ppc_4xx-gcc
CPP=ppc_4xx-g++
CFLAGS=-c -g -Wall -static -v
LDFLAGS_TARGET=-$(LDFLAGS_PowerPC)
LIBS_TARGET=$(LIBS_PowerPC)
CPPFLAGS=$(CPPFLAGS_COMMON) $(CPPFLAGS_PowerPC)
INCLUDES=-I/opt/ELDK/4.2/ppc_4xx/usr/include/ -I. -I/opt/ELDK/4.2/ppc_4xx/usr/src/u-boot-1.3.1/board/xilinx/common/ -I/opt/ELDK/4.2/ppc_4xx/usr/src/linux-2.6.24/arch/powerpc/boot/ -I4.2.2/
DEPSROOT=/shared/deps
COMMON_INCLUDES = $(DEPSROOT)/common/include
PowerPC_INCLUDES=$(DEPSROOT)/powerpc/include
CPPFLAGS_PowerPC=-I$(PowerPC_INCLUDES)
CPPFLAGS_COMMON = -I$(COMMON_INCLUDES)
PowerPC_LIBS=$(DEPSROOT)/powerpc/lib
LDFLAGS_PowerPC=-L$(PowerPC_LIBS)
LIBS_PowerPC=-lboost_thread -lboost_system
all: helloworld
helloworld: helloworld.o
$(CPP) -g helloWorld.o -o helloworld -static
helloworld.o: helloworld.cpp
$(CPP) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) $(MODS) helloworld.cpp
clean:
rm -rf *.o helloWorld
The error is in the file cstdlib in the below location
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_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE(std)
using ::div_t;
using ::ldiv_t;
using ::abort;
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The macro _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE is setting the namespace as std with certain visibility. I am new to this so couldn't follow it completely.
Has anyone faced similar problem ? I read in some posts that the namespace is missing causing this error but I am not sure if that's the issue in my case.
EDIT
I got more information on the problem. First I thought the problem was with the namespace, so I manually changed the namespace to std but it didn't help. Then I added the definition of the structure div_t just before the statement using ::div_t; and one of the errors decreased (i.e the statement was compiled). So the problem was with the missing definition of div_t structure.
Now the structure div_t is defined in the file stdlib.h which is included in the current file cstdlib. When I did a locate on the file name stdlib.h, I found the below references
/opt/ELDK/4.2/ppc_4xx/usr/include/stdlib.h
/opt/ELDK/4.2/ppc_4xx/usr/include/bits/stdlib.h
/opt/ELDK/4.2/ppc_4xx/usr/include/c++/4.2.2/tr1/stdlib.h
/opt/ELDK/4.2/ppc_4xx/usr/include/freetype2/freetype/config/ftstdlib.h
/opt/ELDK/4.2/ppc_4xx/usr/src/linux-2.6.24/arch/powerpc/boot/stdlib.h
/opt/ELDK/4.2/ppc_4xx/usr/src/linux-2.6.24-xenomai/arch/powerpc/boot/stdlib.h
Only the first file has the definition of div_t and not the others. The file under discussion cstdlib is in the folder ../include/c++/4.2.2/, now if the file stdlib.h is included here which one of the multiple stdlib.h is included ? The location /opt/ELDK/4.2/ppc_4xx/usr/include is present in my include path.
BTW how do I know which file is being included ?
The problem was the same as Cross Compile Boost library for PowerPC architecture. The include path which had the definition of dev_t was omitted and the next include path was used. Unfortunately it also had a file stdlib.h which didn't have the definition of dev_t structure. I created soft links and made sure the compiler picked up the correct stdlib.h file.
Related
I'm trying to use a couple of functions from the Boost Math library in some C++ code using the G++ compiler but I've been unsuccessful. This is on macOS.
I downloaded and extracted the Boost tar.gz from here and placed it into my source folder.
Within my C++ I've tried
#include "boost_1_63_0/boost/math/distributions/chi_squared.hpp" and
#include <boost_1_63_0/boost/math/distributions/chi_squared.hpp>.
The quotation version partially works but the chi_squared.hpp file includes fwd.hpp using the bracket (#include <...>) notation and that breaks my compilation with error In file included from main.cpp:9: ./boost_1_63_0/boost/math/distributions/chi_squared.hpp:12:10: fatal error: 'boost/math/distributions/fwd.hpp' file not found #include <boost/math/distributions/fwd.hpp>.
To compile I've used an assortment of commands, all unsuccessfully:
g++ -L /boost_1_63_0/boost/math/distributions main.cpp
g++ -I"/boost_1_63_0/boost/math/" main.cpp
g++ -I "/boost_1_63_0/boost/math/" main.cpp
g++ main.cpp -lboost_math
What is the correct include statement and G++ command that I need to use?
Resolved using
#include "/Users/[me]/[project_dir]/boost_1_63_0/boost/math/distributions/chi_squared.hpp"
and
g++ -I/Users/[me]/[project_dir]/boost_1_63_0/ main.cpp
I'd like to learn how to use lapack together with C/C++ code in Windows. I am a C/C++ programming newbie, so I know how to code in C, how to organize the code in h/c files, and how to compile them with gcc under cygwin / MinWG / VS. What I'm totally new to is the use of external libraries, such as lapack.
To learn how to use it with Cygwin (64bit), I followed the procedure indicated here
(http://matrixprogramming.rudnyi.ru/2011/04/using-lapack-from-c/)
which seemed to be successful and created the built version of lapack in the folder $HOME\lapack-3.3.0
Now I want to re-run this example: main.cc
What I did was to try to compile it by calling
$ g++ -O3 main.cc -L$HOME/lapack-3.3.0 -llapack -lblas -lgfortran -I ./include -o main
and what I get is
main.cc: In function ‘int main(int, char**)’:
main.cc:39:23: error: ‘dgetf2’ was not declared in this scope
info = dgetf2(A, ipvt);
^
main.cc:45:23: error: ‘dgetrf’ was not declared in this scope
info = dgetrf(A, ipvt);
^
main.cc:55:26: error: ‘dgetrs’ was not declared in this scope
info = dgetrs(A, B, ipvt);
^
where the "include" folder only contains the
Matrix.h
matrix class required in main.cc
To me it seems that some header files are missing. What I do not understand is how this is possible if the building process of the libraries was successful. Do I have to give further "-I options"? I looked for "dgetf2", "dgetrf" and "dgetrs" in the lapack-3.3.0 folder, so I found the object files in $HOME\lapack-3.3.0\SRC but if I include them as well as
$ g++ -O3 main.cc -L$HOME/lapack-3.3.0 -llapack -lblas -lgfortran -I ./include -I $HOME/lapack-3.3.0/SRC -o main
I get exactly the same error which makes somehow sense as they are object files and not header files. What am I doing wrong? How does one manage declarations of functions implemented in external libraries?
Thanks!
I am trying to compile the following code which has the headers:
#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
#include <SDL2_image/SDL_image.h>
However after running the following makefile:
g++ -std=c++11 src/main.cpp -lSDL2 -lSDL2_image
I get the following error:
fatal error: SDL2_image/SDL_image.h: No such file or directory
#include <SDL2_image/SDL_image.h>
Any suggestions? Not entirely sure about my installation of SDL_image. I am running this on Ubuntu.
This problem can be solved through installing libsdl2-image-dev package:
apt install libsdl2-image-dev
Run apt-file search SDL_image.h
The result will tell you the location of the include file.
For instance, /usr/include/SDL2/SDL_image.h was returned.
So, when you want to include SDL_image.h, write everything after the include/ in between < >.
Thus, includes should look like the following:
#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
#include <SDL2/SDL_image.h>
See the question's comments for the original discussion regarding this solution.
From SDL documentation, it says that add 'lSDL_image' to the end of the compile line.
cc -o myprogram mysource.o `sdl-config --libs` -lSDL_image
or
gcc -o myprogram mysource.c `sdl-config --libs` -lSDL_image
Here is the reference -> https://www.libsdl.org/projects/docs/SDL_image/SDL_image.html
Section 2.2 Compiling.
So for SDL2, you just need to change 'lSDL_image' to 'lSDL2_image'.
For Windows + SDL2-2.0.8 + SDL_image-2.0.4 + Codeblocks you've got the add both Runtime Binaries and Development Libraries to the compiler and linker. Or else, you'll get the error SDL2_image not found, even with having the dll in your program's directory, this occurs. Hopefully others find this helpful; I had to figure it out myself. Example: If your resources are separate, you'll be adding the two plus your standard SDL2 paths to your compiler and linker. Warning: SDL2_image.h has it's headers assuming that the headers are in the same folder as the SDL2 framework. If you get errors about the image header, include the sub-folder SDL2 from SDL framework in the path and then you should be including SDL2 in the program as: include <SDL.h> rather than include <SDL2/SDL.h>.
I have a Qt C++ application that compiles fine with the MSVC compiler. Now I'm trying to compile the same application with MinGW so that I can eventually port it to Mac OSX. However, when doing so I'm getting an error on all the standard includes:
#include <algorithm>
#include <ctime>
#include <map>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
And the compiler outputs:
..\trunk\stable.h:29:21: error: algorithm: No such file or directory
..\trunk\stable.h:30:17: error: ctime: No such file or directory
..\trunk\stable.h:31:15: error: map: No such file or directory
..\trunk\stable.h:32:19: error: sstream: No such file or directory
..\trunk\stable.h:33:18: error: vector: No such file or directory
I really don't understand what could be causing this issue. Any suggestion?
This is one of the more common errors you will see if your source is C++ but is being compiled as C.
This in turn can happen if the source uses .C (note capital C) extension for C++ files. If the source is used in a case-insensitive file system (like all of the windows ones generally) then make probably won't be able to properly tell whether to compile them as C or C++.
By default, make (including the mingw version) will compile C++ source from extensions .C, .cc and .cpp. (This page has the details).
You have 3 options:
rename your sources to one of the above extensions. generally .cc and .cpp are the easiest to work with.
if ALL of the sources in the makefile, you can go CC=mingw32-g++ mingw32-make -f Makefile.Debug
you can add this to the makefile or one of the included files:
%.o: %.c++
$(CXX) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -c -o $# $<
but this will only work if the makefile(s) haven't changed the rules for compilation.
I'm trying to compile a third-party library, but g++ is complaining about the following line:
typedef boost::shared_ptr<MessageConsumer> MessageConsumerPtr;
The strange thing is, there is no #include directive in the file - and it is clearly supposed to be this way; there are about 60 files with the same (or very similar) issues. Clearly if there was an #include directive referencing the relevant boost header this would compile cleanly.
My question is: how can I get g++ to somehow automagically find the relevant symbol (in all instances of this issue, it is a namespace that can't be found - usually std:: or boost::) by either automatically processing the relevant header (or some other mechanism).
Thanks.
Edit
My current g++ call looks like:
g++ -fPIC -O3 -DUSING_PCH -D_REENTRANT -I/usr/include/boost -I./ -c MessageInterpreter.cpp -o MessageInterpreter.o
You can use the -include command line option:
g++ -include boost/shared_ptr.hpp ...
From the man page:
-include file
Process file as if "#include "file"" appeared as the first line of
the primary source file. However, the first directory searched for
file is the preprocessor's working directory instead of the
directory containing the main source file. If not found there, it
is searched for in the remainder of the "#include "..."" search
chain as normal.
Create your own wrapper .h file that includes the boost .h and then the broken .h .
Or (very fragile) ensure that you precede every use of the broken .h with boost .h .
Perhaps the third-party library is designed in such a way that you should always include a certain "main" header file in order to get the dependencies right.
Otherwise, you can add #include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp> before including the third-party header file that is giving the error message.