TclError: wrong # args error - python-2.7

Question

I have no idea what is wrong but I keep getting this
Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/7.3/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.py", line 1410, in call
return self.func(*args)
File "/Users/Zane/Desktop/Factorial GUI.py", line 72, in reveal2
self.text2.insert(0.0, message)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/7.3/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.py", line 2986, in insert
self.tk.call((self._w, 'insert', index, chars) + args)
TclError: wrong # args: should be ".22186144.22187184 insert index chars ?tagList chars tagList ...?"
here is my code:`
from Tkinter import*
class App(Frame):
def fac(self, n):
if n >= 0:
if n == 1 or n == 0:
return 1
else:
return n*self.fac(n-1)
else:
print('Error')
def per(self, n, r):
y = (self.fac(n)) / self.fac(n - r)
print (y)
def __init__(self, master):
Frame.__init__(self,master)
self.grid()
self.create_widgets()
def create_widgets(self):
self.instruction1 = Label(self, text = "Factorial:")
self.instruction1.grid(row = 0, column = 0, columnspan = 1, sticky = W)
self.password1 = Entry(self)
self.password1.grid(row = 0, column = 1, sticky = W)
self.submit_button1 = Button(self, text ="Enter", command = self.reveal1)
self.submit_button1.grid(row = 2, column = 0, sticky = W)
self.text1 = Text(self, width = 30, height = 1, wrap = WORD)
self.text1.grid(row = 3, column = 0, columnspan = 2, sticky = W)
self.instruction2 = Label(self, text = "Permutation:")
self.instruction2.grid(row = 4, column = 0, columnspan = 1, sticky = W)
self.password2 = Entry(self)
self.password2.grid(row = 4, column = 1, sticky = W)
self.password3 = Entry(self)
self.password3.grid(row = 6, column = 1, sticky = W)
self.submit_button2 = Button(self, text ="Enter", command = self.reveal2)
self.submit_button2.grid(row = 7, column = 0, sticky = W)
self.text2 = Text(self, width = 30, height = 1, wrap = WORD)
self.text2.grid(row = 8, column = 0, columnspan = 2, sticky = W)
def reveal1(self):
y = int(self.password1.get())
message = self.fac(y)
self.text1.delete(0.0, END)
self.text1.insert(0.0, message)
def reveal2(self):
y = int(self.password2.get())
z = int(self.password3.get())
message = self.per(y, z)
self.text2.delete(0.0, END)
self.text2.insert(0.0, message)
root = Tk()
root.title('Factorial')
root.geometry("340x300")
app = App(root)
root.mainloop()
`

Answer 1

Almost the only way to get the error you say you get with the code you posted, is if the insert method is called when the data to insert is None. message comes from the result of per, but per returns None because you don't explicitly return anything else.
One of the first things to try when trying to debug is to check that the data you're sending to the failing function is what you think it is. You can do this in a very low-tech way by simply printing out the values being passed to the insert message. This instantly told me that message was None. Once I learned that, it's pretty simple to answer the question "why was it None?".